"Golden Autumn", Levitan. Umzobo ovela kwiqoqo leTaltyakov Igalari

Khumbula amazwi kaTyutchev: "Kukho ukuqala kokuwa ..." Yintoni ekhona kuyo ukuba abaninzi nabaninzi bokudala bahlabelela kuyo kwimisebenzi yabo?

IAgold Autumn! Unyaka ngamnye into entsha, engaziwayo, kodwa ihlala ihle ngokugqithiseleyo yimibala ekhethekileyo yembala, ichukumisa ukudabuka okubonakalayo kwamazulu, ukudlala kwelanga ngokukhawuleza kwigolide lemahlamvu. Indlela yokucamngca kwinqanawa ukutshatyalaliswa kwintsasa yasekwindla, imibala efudumeleyo yintshonalanga kunye neenqabiso ezibomvu, ubuhle beRashiya? I-autumn, ixesha lase-Indiya ehlobo, kubangelwa ukunyamekwa kwabalobi abaninzi, iimvumi kwaye, ngokwenene, abaculi.

Ibali lobugcisa obulodwa

Nantsi i "Golden Autumn" phambi kwethu, Levitan. Umzobo wawucwecwe ngumculi kwiphondo laseTver, kungekude ne-Gorki, ngo-1895. Umgca uchaza uhlobo lwe-Central Central strip, intlungu engumthonyama kwaye iyaqhelana nayo yonke indawo yaseRashiya. Yonke into elula, umculi wanikela umsindo ocolileyo. Yingakho kamva umdwebo ka-Levitan "Golden Autumn" kunye namanye amahlaba aziswa kwi-Painting yaseRussia enengcamango enjenge-"landscape of mood".

Ukuhluka kunye nokukhawuleza kwimeko yoluntu kufumana impendulo emphefumlweni womculi. Uhlobo lwemibala kunye neentlobo zehlabathi elijikelezileyo uhamba novelwano olukhulu kwintambo kwaye, njengomlumbi ogqwethayo, udlulisela kumbukeli ukuba ubungcwele kunye obusondeleyo obufihliweyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zendalo. Ukujonga indawo, uqonda ubunzulu bothando lomculi ngemibala ekwindla, uyaqonda ukuba unxibelelwano olunjani ukuxhamla: i-autumn yase-golden-Levitan. Umzobo uchukumisa ngokulula kweenjongo kunye nokusebenza kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ukunambitheka okungenakuthenjwa kunye nobuchule obuphezulu. Ingakanani intsha iboniswa kwinto ebonwayo yiyo yonke indawo, oko kwakusindile ingqalelo.

Ngokumalunga ne-landscape "Golden Autumn", Levitan

Umzobo usithatha kwi-birch grove ekwindla, ekhula kunye ne-rivulet epholileyo. Akazange alahlekelwe yengubo yakhe ye-lace yelinen, kuphela ezimbini i-aspen ngaphambili ngaphambili zawayeka amaqabunga. Ubumnyama, njengokuba kulamanzi, amanzi abonakalisa ingca yonxweme kunye neentyantyambo zasendle. Isiqhamo esibomvu-esibomvu kwindawo emnyama yomlambo sibonakala siyingqumbo, esilungele ukushukuma. Njengokuba umda ukuya ekugqibeleni, amanzi emlambo aqhaqhaqha, ukuhlukezela kobumnyama obuluhlaza obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye ne-golden birches kubangela ukuzonwabisa, ukuvuyela ukucinga ngendawo.

Ilanga ayibonakali, kodwa imibala yalo ekhanyayo ikhanyisa imvelo - inhle ngonaphakade, iphila ngonaphakade. Imithunzi evela emithini imnyama emfutshane, imfutshane, imini iyagubha ngokugcwele, kwaye zonke izibukeli zicacile: usuku olushushu, olomileyo nolushushu lufakwe ngu-Levitan. Ukwindla kwegolide kunotyebile ngaloo mihla, xa imibala ebonakalayo igxininisa iliso, kunye nokukhanya okuphumayo komhla kwenza umntu akhohlwe ukuba ubu buhle bukhawuleza, kuba kungekudala amasela-kubanda aya kuthatha yonke igolide kwimithi. Kodwa ngelixa umoya osesithombeni utsha kwaye ubala, unokubona lula kwiindawo eziphambili kunye namafu athambileyo esibhakabhakeni, kunye neenkcazo zehlathi elikude, izakhiwo kunye neendawo zasebusika ezineentsundu.

U-Levitan wakwazi ukubonisa ukukhanya kokukhanya, indawo, uvuyo olumangalisayo ekunxibelelaneni nendalo, kwaye yonke le yimibala yendalo. Ukufumana isimo esibukhali kunye nothando lokwenene lwesiRashiya, umculi wenza isitayela sakhe - isitayela saseRashiya, ngokufanelekileyo esibizwa ngokuba ngu-Levitan.

Isiphumo somfanekiso

Ngowe-1896, kumboniso weWanderers kwisikhululo esenyakatho - iPetersburg - nakwezinye iidolophu zaseRashiya, indawo "Golden Autumn", i-Levitan yayiboniswe ngempumelelo. Umzobo wathengwa nguP. Tretyakov, kwaye ngoku uboniswe kwiIgalari yeTrtyakov.