UThixo wobulumko, owafundisa abantu ukubhala, nguYe

Isibini esilumke kakhulu kwiimbali zaseYiputa nguYe, uthixo wobulumko, owafundisa abantu ukuba babhale, kunye nomfazi wakhe uMaat, unkulunkulukazi wenyaniso kunye nomyalelo. UJehuti (igama lesibili likaThoth) unkulunkulu wasendulo. Kukhankanywe kwixesha langaphambili le-dynastic - 5000-3100 gg. BC.

Ixesha lamakhulu amakhulu

Ngexesha elifanayo kwiYiputa YaseYiputa, kubhala kubonakala, izikhumbuzo zokuqala eziye zafika ngo-3400 BC. Ngethuba lexesha elimalunga nexesha lolawulo, iimbali zamandulo zaseYiputa zahluke kakhulu. Inkosi nganye eya kwegunya yamisela ubuqu bobuqu obanikezela ubuhlobo babo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubukho bobukumkani boBukumkani obudala babonwa njengobunkulunkulu bobukhulu benkulunkulu welanga uRa, bathatyathwa nguThixo wendawo kunye nomoya, u-Amon, ngoko uthixo we-Osiris. UThixo wobulumko, owayefundisa abantu ukubhala, wayeyaziwa ngaphambi kokuba oothixo abakhulu abhalwe ngentla.

UThixo Omdala

Ngokweminye imithombo, Wayengu-Atlante kunye nolwazi oluphucukileyo lwe-Atlantis. Kuthiwa ukuba wayeyinkosi yaseYiputa yobukumkani "ngexesha lolawulo loothixo." Eli lixesha elide kakhulu, ngamashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kwexesha lethu. Ukongezelela, ngokweminye imithombo, yile ngunkulunkulu wasendulo waseYiputa owakha i- Pyramid enkulu eGiza, apho wafihla khona imbali yamandulo yama-Atlante. Ngokukhawuleza ukuba bangabizi kuye - kunye nenkokeli yabalumkani abasixhenxe baseYiputa, kunye noHermes Trischengalishishshim, obhala ngokuvumelana neengcamango malunga neencwadi ezingamawaka ezingama-36, eziqulethe bonke ubulumko behlabathi.

Umfanekiso ohlala kwiindawo ezininzi

Ngesizathu esithile, amaGrike enza i-Analogies phakathi kweT Thoth noodade babo uHermes, nangona lo mva waba ngumthunywa woothixo kunye nomphathi wezorhwebo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uHermes uthelekiswa no-Prometheus kwintsimi yokufundisa uluntu isayensi kunye nezakhono. Kwaye ulapha unokufumana okufanayo phakathi kukaThoth no-Prometheus. UThixo wobulumko, owafundisa abantu ukuba babhale kwiYiputa yamandulo, uxoxela umfanekiso we-titan owayefundisa ukufunda nokubhala kwamanye amazwe, amaGrike asendulo. Ukongezelela, umfanekiso weThoth ufana kakhulu nomfazi wasendulo ongumGrisi wobulumko u- Athena Pallada. Ukufana okunye kufumaneka kuJehuti kunye noNcedo, umbusi welifa laseGrisi lasendulo. Kwaye nangona kuDaute, emva kokufa kwamaYiputa aseYiputa, u-Anubis, kamva u-Osiris, wayekho ookumkani bokuqala, uToth wayenobume obunxulumene nabafileyo.

Inkundla yeOsiris

Wayegcina irekhodi kubo, kuba wayehlala ekhotho lukaOsiris kunye nomkakhe. UThixo wobulumko, owafundisa abantu ukuba babhale, unobhala kaRa, ohlala ebonakaliswa naye kunye naye kwiBheta elingunaphakade (okanye iBhuse yezigidi zeeminyaka), wagcina iirekhodi kunye nokuhlukaniswa kwemiphefumlo yabafileyo. UMaat wayenomsebenzi wakhe enkundleni. Wayelinganisela iintliziyo zabantu ababeye kwelinye ilizwe. Kwaye kwelinye icala lesilinganisi sasibeka intliziyo yomntu ofileyo, kwesinye - isitatimende seMaat ngokwayo. Ukulingana kuthetha ukuba umntu uyindoda elungileyo kwaye ufanelwe iparadesi yaseYiputa yamandulo - ukuhlala ngonaphakade kwimimandla kaRaru.

Umdali wexesha

Baye banikela iTot intela kunye noothixo wexesha, kuba nguye obizwa ngokuba ngumdala wemihla engama-365, e-5 apho kuthiwa uzuze esithambo. Le ngongoma enomdla kakhulu, kuba kwakule mihla eyongeziweyo ukuba u-Osiris, uSeth, Nephthys, uHoruru no-Isis bazalwa. Ngokomxholo, unina, unkulunkulukazi uNut, wayenqatshelwe ukuzala ngexesha lonke unyaka, eliqukethe iintsuku ezingama-360. Yena, wongezelela iintsuku eziphumeleleyo, wenza unyaka uzele, kwaye uNut ubonise uvuyo lobazali. Ngaloo ndlela, uothixo wobulumko kwiYiputa yamandulo waqinisekisa ukuzalwa koothixo abakhulu belizwe laseYiputa. Waqhekeza unyaka inyanga, bona-iintsuku kunye neeveki, njalo njalo. Wayegcina iirekhodi zexesha kunye neziganeko. Ngamanani amaninzi waqulunqa imicimbi yansuku zonke kunye nenkolo, oko kukuthi, wahlela ubomi babantu. Ukuxhalabisa ukuba ubuninzi beenkcukacha ezifundiswa ngabantu babulawa ngokuhamba kwabo kwelinye ihlabathi, uthixo wobuhlakani kwilizwe laseYiputa lenze isigqibo sokufundisa abantu abhaliweyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela baqinisekise ukugqithiswa kolwazi oluqokelelwa kwisizukulwana kwisizukulwana. Emva koko waqhelana noluntu nazo zonke ii-science ezichanekileyo. Ubonwa njengomququzeleli wobomi bonke be-Yiputa yamandulo.

UThixo untle

Musa ukubala imisebenzi yakhe emihle nemisebenzi. Kukholelwa ukuba unxulumene namanqamle eNayile, ukuba nguye owayebuya e-Nubia eya eYiputa iTefnut, unkulunkulukazi wobumpofu nomoya omanzi, amazolo, imvula kunye nokuzala, ngaloo ndlela uqinisekisa ukuveliswa kwemvelo yaseYiputa. Bambheka njengothixo onomlingo ophezulu, ukubhala nomculo. Mhlawumbi, yonke into umntu ahluke ngayo isilwanyana saziwa nguThixo. Zonke iindidi zolwazi kunye nobuqili base-diocese. UThixo othe tye kwaye ulungile, naye, ufana no-Prometheus, ongazange enze nantoni na. UThixo wobulumko kwiYiputa yaseYiputa ngokuqhelekileyo uboniswa ngumntu onenhloko ye-ibis ehlombe lakhe. Ngokwezinzululwazi, yihlathi lehlathi-intaka ephantse yanyamalala ngoku. Akukho mntu uyazi ukuba kutheni amaYiputa asekuqaleni ayifumana isimboli sobulumko abakhethiweyo. Kukho iziphakamiso ngenxa yeentsiba ezisebenzela ukubhala. Ngokuqhelekileyo lo thixo uboniswe ngebhonon. Kwizandla zakhe, njengomyalo, Unobumba obhaliweyo obonakala njengepalayini.

I-Pantheon epheleleyo

Oothixo baseYiputa basekuqaleni bahluke kakhulu kwabanye oothixo behlabathi la mandulo. Ngokomzekelo, elowo lalingamagama amahlanu, angatshintsha phakathi kwelanga. Abazange baqhagamshelane nabantu, babengenayo imisebenzi ecacileyo nemisebenzi, oko kukuthi, babengabonakali ngaphezu koko, bathi, abemi baseOlbus. Kwintetho yaseYiputa kukhona oothixo abaninzi, uluhlu lwabo luya kuthatha iphepha elingaphezulu kwelilodwa. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi apho izithixo zakudala zaseYiputa zimelelwe kwisixa sezifundo ezi-13 ukuya kwezi-18. NguRa no-Amon, no-Anubisi no-Osiris, no-Aton noHorus, no-Khnum, noSeti, noPta, no-Sebek. Ukongezelela, uluhlu lwe "intloko" luquka unkulunkulukazi uIsis noHathor.