Isithixokazi ubulumko. I-Greek yothixokazi ubulumko

Yabemi Greece yamandulo babekholelwa ukuba ubomi ihlabathi loluntu ilawulwa yi oothixo. Bathi ngokuba Olimpiki, ngenxa yokuba indawo yabo yokuhlala yi Mount Olympus. Kukho oothixo abaninzi, yaye ubomi bazo amaGrike khona kwawo yehlabathi. Ayekholelwa ukuba Olympians aphile usapho olunye ezinkulu, indima entloko apho ukumkani eyabelwe koothixo - kuZeyus.

Ngubani na ke ukuba amandulo amaGrike Pallas Athena?

Ndaphumelela kakhulu intlonipho nothando yabantu yamandulo intombi kaZeyus - Pallas. Athena kwiintsomi zamaGrike - isithixokazi ubulumko nemfazwe entle, ulwazi begxeka ubugcisa bezandla. Uye ingqalelo ngunozala sicwangciso zomkhosi namaqhinga esebenzayo, ubuhle bayo kubalelwa uloyiso ezininzi edabini. Yena waba yinxalenye yentsapho Olympians ezinkulu elinambini. Wayesoyikwa isithixokazi e Greece yamandulo, rivaling xa nkoka nokuthandwa kunye noyise - kuZeyus. Kwabonakala njengoko ndilingane naye ngobulumko namandla. Yahlukile kwezinye izithixo ezimeleyo-nye. Neqhayiya yokuba bakwazi ukuhlala enyulu. isithixokazi ubulumko yamaGrike kubonakaliswe yamaRoma uMinerva.

iqhawe intombi waba patroness abemi yamandulo izixeko kunye namazwe. Ekubeni ke enxulumene nophuhliso yenzululwazi kunye nemisebenzi yezandla. Athena - isimntwiso ingqondo, ubuchule, inemithombo nobuchule. upelo yesiGrike igama yesithixokazi - Ἀθηνᾶ, anqabe - Afinayya. Igama lalo mntu basentsomini ogama isixeko iyingangamsha baseAthene.

Inkangeleko isithixokazi ngobulumko ukumelwa amandulo

AmaGrike wanika Athena imbonakalo engaqhelekanga kwaye yayintle kangangokuba kunokuba ahluka ngokulula kwezinye ngoothixokazi Olympian. Ntombi kaZeyus yabela ukusetyenziswa zobumnini sizalwa kwisiqingatha oluluqilima uluntu. Isithixokazi ubulumko wawubonisa ende, umfazi eyinzwana benxibe penny isikrweqe. Intloko yakhe ezihonjiswe ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye ikhusela nesigcina yokhuselo kunye umqhele eliphezulu. Ezandleni aseAthene - umkhonto nekhaka, Bathiwe wambu isikhumba inyoka bephela njengezivatho ekwimo intloko ye Medusa the Gorgon. Uthixokazi yesiGrike ubulumko, uhamba kunye zizilwanyana ezingcwele. Idla uvezwa ezinamaphiko Nike. Uphawu ubulumko bakhe baba isikhova kunye nenyoka.

AmaGrike amandulo wayichaza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: COS kunye iinwele ezimdaka. KaHomer iimpawu zakhe ebizwa ngokuba "sovookimi", ogxininisa ubuhle yamehlo emikhulu. Imithombo Virgil iye Isiqwengana ephawulekayo apho Cyclops kwi Eziko ka Vulcan loschat for nguPallas isikrweqe zomkhosi negunya egubungele namaxolo azo inyoka.

ukuzalwa

Iintsomi gumbini isiGrike ibali angaqhelekanga ukuvela yesithixokazi ezelwe. Kukho kwiinguqulelo ezininzi, aziwayo kakhulu linikwa kwi "Theogony" uHesiod.

Yena ukumkani koothixo Athena ufumbethe ukuzalwa yayo. Somandla uZeyus i Thunderer uye wafunda ukuba kwisibeleko Metis, umfazi wakhe wokuqala, ongumntwana ngengqondo brilliant kunye namandla egqibeleleyo. Lo mntwana eniprofetele Zizigqithile ubulumko ngabazali bakhe. Le mfihlelo Moira waxelela Zeus - isithixokazi isiphelo. Ukuboyika kweendudumo owazalwa, umntwana akayi kukuwisa kuye itrone Olimpiki. Ukuze uphephe amashwa ke zenza umkakhe owayekhulelwe saliginya. Ngoko nangoko Zeus baboyisa i intloko nodandatheko. Wabiza unyana ka Hephaestus, wanika ukuze anqunyulwe intloko ngezembe, ndithembe ukuba balahle intlungu ndityiwa kunye izandi ebalulekileyo entlokweni yam. Hephaestus ayikwazanga ayiyi kuwugqitha uyise. Wacanda ukakayi kunye ujingi elinye. Ke ehlabathini koothixo wayeyintloko umlawuli ephakamileyo Olympians segorha enkulu - Athena, isithixokazi ubulumko. Evela bemangalisiwe Olympians in emthethweni ngokupheleleyo emkhosini: kwi-ntloko shiny, iintonga namakhaka. Amehlo akhe blue ziveza ubulumko nobulungisa, yonke imbonakalo Virgin lizele ubuhle kaThixo emangalisayo. Olympians evunywayo wamdumisa wazalwa umntwana oluthandayo kaZeyus - Pallas gidi. Umama wakhe akuginyileyo - Metis, sanikwa ukungafi, waza wahlala ngonaphakade uhlala umzimba umyeni wakhe, wamnika icebiso elungileyo waza wanceda ukuba silawule ihlabathi.

Kwimibongo yakhe kaHomer akazange anikele ingqalelo intsomi wokuzalwa Athena. Ababhali kwizizukulwana kamva ukuba kongezelelwe uhlobo iinkcukacha zebali aze ihonjiswe kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Pindar, ngexesha ngokuzalwa ekungxoleni yaseRhodes oko yaqala ukuna ukusuka yokusithwa zegolide.

Phi yaye ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe isithixokazi ubulumko? iinguqulelo enye

Kukho namanye amabali ngokuzalwa kwakhe. Greek Aristokl umbhali uchaza ukuzalwa Athena ukusuka ilifu ngenxa logwayimbo kombane wathuma Thunderer. Ngaphezu koko, esi siganeko lwenzeka eKrete. Le intsomi - usisithunzi izimvo zamandulo malunga nendlela kuza umbane kunye indudumo yemisebenzi thundercloud enkulu. Kukho ezinye iinguqulelo eziliqela amagama ahlukeneyo zabazali.

Le chroniclers bamandulo mbali, kukho ukungavumelani phezu umbuzo apho wazalelwa khona intombi. Xa amabali Aeschylus kwindawo yakhe yokuzalwa - Libya, ummandla kufuphi Lake Tritonidai. Sabika ubhala iinkolelo namaLibhiya ukuba Athena - owayeyinzala Poseidon. Amabali of of Rhodes isithixokazi ubulumko, wazalwa kufuphi Lake Triton.

UPausanias kuzisa mva ibali, nto leyo echaza ukuzalwa uPallas apho kwakukho isibingelelo kuZeyus e Aliferov (Arcadia).

Kwakhona isiza wokuzalwa ka-Athena ingqalelo alalcomenes isixeko Boeotian, apho, ngokutsho kubahlali balapha, ukuba abantu vykormlena.

Usuku lokuzalwa unkulunkulu ngexesha imini kwakujongwa gekatombeona 28 Panathenaic elivumelana kumhla 18 Agasti. Kwaye ke umsebenzi iinkundla lanqunyanyiswa ngaloo mini. I "Chronicon" unyaka wokuzalwa Virgin ebizwa ngokuba th 237 ka-Abraham, ludidi yethu - 1780 BC

Athena kwiintsomi: kokuba kuthinjwe uTroy

Enye imixholo oqhelekileyo kwiintsomi zamaGrike, waye imfazwe yamaGrike amandulo kunye kaTrojan ukumkani Paris, eyaphela kunye kuthinjwe Troy kunye Odysseus 'uloyiso kaHomer. AmaGrike amandulo ekunokuthiwa Athena isicwangciso yonke kulwakhiwo ihashe Trojan. isithixokazi ubulumko ukhuthaza namaGrike. UEuripides waphawula ukuba ukutshatyalaliswa Troy - ngenxa yomsindo kunye umsindo Pallas.

Yintoni eyabangela ukutshatyalaliswa Troy, Athena? Akucaci, kodwa Achaeans ndikwakhele ihashe ukwisicwangciso yayo kwaye phantsi kobunkokheli bakhe. Xa ninikela Mangcu eliseSmirna ingongoma ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha njengoko palladium, ekubeni Achaeans ubuthongo, ifundisa yezandla zabo. Ngenxa isithixokazi ulwazi, ingakumbi kwisakhiwo wagqitywa ngeentsuku ezintathu. Inelungelo iintloko Achaean wabhenela Athens kusikelela indalo yazo. Ukongeza, mbala, eziqulethwe umthunywa yacebisa Odyssey indawo ihashe amadoda Achaean. Kamva, wazenzela esiya Amaqhawe zedabi ukutya woothixo, ungafumana balahle yindlala.

Phantsi begxeka yakhe amaGrike bambambe Troy ufumane oluninzi yobuncwane. Night konakalisa isixeko nguPallas uhleli phezu Acropolis kwi ilitha emthethweni wayo ubiza nakumaGrike zoloyiso.

Athena - umsunguli kunye umxhasi

isithixokazi bubulumko ukuba amaGrike amandulo - umseki kurhulumente, umqalisi yokulwa, kwiPalamente kanye umsunguli lenkundla ephakamileyo baseAthene - eAreyopago. Xa yokugcina izinto zayo kwaye inqanawa zokulwa, ngembande kunye sesigodlo, tableware yodongwe, ngeharika, epuluweni, idyokhwe ngeenkomo kunye bridles yamahashe.

intombazana Greek ngaphambi komtshato bazisa amadini uthixokazi iinwele. Kukho iimbekiselo ukuba intombi wayengumfundisi yendlu ka-Athena. Pallas ukhusela abafazi abatshatileyo. Eminye imithombo Pallada kubizwa ngokuba umkhuseli abalobi kunye abaziinkunkqele. Yena akathantamisi iinkosi ngesinyithi, ukuqeqesha Daedalus. Athena wanika abantu ulwazi ukwaluka nokupheka. Kwiintsomi yamandulo zamaGrike inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga uncedo isihloko uthixokazi ngokwenza uqulukubhode ezahlukeneyo ezimangalisayo kwamagorha.

Ihlelo Athena

Ubulumko yothixokazi zokuhlangana yonke imimandla Ancient Greece. Waye wachitha ixesha elininzi Acropolis, kuquka eAthene, Argos, Sparta, Megara, ezintathu Trézény. Pallas - wayengumnikazi emzini yesicelo kunye nabantu zamaGrike. Ngo zaseAttica yaba isithixo iphambili kurhulumente kunye nesixeko baseAthene.