Urabi ngumntu onokuyichaza umthetho wamaYuda

Inkolelo yegama elithi "rabbi" yabaninzi ibangela ubunzima. Ngubani na amaYuda athiwa ngumshumayeli, umfundisi, okanye nje umntu owaziyo iTorah? Lo mbuzo uphendulwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kwaye kaninzi uphikisana. Ukuze siqonde yonke into, masizame ukuyifumana kunye.

Imvelaphi yegama elithi "rabbi"

Ukuqonda kakuhle ukuba ngubani phakathi kwamaYuda onokuthiwa nguRabi, khumbula ukuba igama lesiHebhere elithi "rabbi" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "inkosi yam" okanye "utitshala wam". Sekude kusetyenziswe malunga nososayensi okanye iinkokheli zomoya - oko kukuthi, kwabo bahluke ngolwazi lwabo kwaye ngoko banelungelo lokuzihlonela ngokukhethekileyo.

Ukuqwalasela amaxwebhu asemandulo, eli qela laqala ukusetyenziswa malunga nekhulu leminyaka. N. E. KwiTestamente Entsha, abafundi bayabhekisela kuYesu ngokuhlonipha: umrabi. Kwaye kwixesha le-Talmud, umrabi uyisihloko esabelwe yiSanhedrin okanye i-Talmudic Academy kumntu owayeneengxowa-mali ezaneleyo ukwenza izigqibo ezinolwazi kummandla wezomthetho.

Umsebenzi womkhwa wahlawulwa njani

Ngendlela, oorobhi bokuqala abazange bafumane imali kule nkonzo kwaye ngoko kwakufuneka bahlanganyele kworhwebo okanye uhlobo oluthile lobugcisa ukuze bafumane ubomi. Kuphela abo babe ngabafundisi okanye banokuchitha iintsuku ezipheleleyo kwiinkantolo zerabhiki bangafumana imali evela kuluntu.

Ukuba sizama ukufutshane ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni umsebenzi oyintloko kaRabi, sinokuthi oku: umrabi ngumntu oye wafundisisa ngokupheleleyo kwaye ngoko unako ukufundisa nokutshintsha umthetho wamaYuda. Unokuqhagamshelana nayo nayiphi na ingxabano yomthetho eyavela.

IiRab ziye zisoloko zihlonishwa ngabantu abayingxenye yamaYuda, kwaye banandipha amalungelo athile ngenxa yoko. Ngoko, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15. Abantu baseYuda babekhe batyunja umrabi kwaye bamhlawula umvuzo, kwaye wongezelela, umzekelo, ukulawula imfundo nokugcina imithetho yokutya (kosher) okanye ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Ngaba lo mfundisi wayishumayela?

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umsebenzi wokushumayela kunye nomthunywa wezithunywa zevangeli wawungekho uxanduva loRabi, kuba akukho mfundiso kwiYuda. Kodwa kuluntu lwaloo xesha, umrabi udla ngokuba ngumlingana, umlindi (umntu osolula amakhwenkwe angamaNgqina angamaNgqina) okanye umncinci (ukubulala ngokubulala umfuyo). Oko kungengokuthi ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngokuthotyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwiimfuno zeTorah, oogqirha babedlulisa ulwazi lwezenkolo kubahlali babo.

Umrhu wayehlala emele njengommeli woluntu kumagunya, oko kwakuchaza umsebenzi onjengokuqokelela irhafu.

Kwimihlali emikhulu, oogqirha abambalwa babekho kwinkonzo kanye kanye. KwaSirayeli kunye neBritani, umzekelo, ixesha elide kukho umrhu oyintloko welizwe, ummandla nomzi.

Imisebenzi yabarabi eRashiya

Kuzo zonke iindawo apho kukho amaYuda, abaRabi bawuthintela imisebenzi yabo kwisikhokelo senkolo nesikolo. I-Rabbinate isoloko ilawulwa phantsi kurhulumente, kwaye imisebenzi yayo ilawulwa yimithetho ekhethekileyo okanye imimiselo.

Ngaloo ndlela, kwiRashiya yaseRashiya, umthetho wawusungulwa ngowe-1855, owawufuna abantu abaza kuba ngabaRabhi ukuba bafunde kwisikolo sabarabi okanye bafumane imfundo kumaziko aphakamileyo nakwimfundo ephakamileyo. Ukuba kwakungabikho abaviwa abanjalo, uluntu lwavunyelwa ukumema abaphengululi bamaYuda abavela phesheya (emva kwexesha, lo myalelo wokugqibela wawupheliswa).

Umrabi waseRashiya kwafuneka afunde iilwimi, isiPolish okanye isiRashiya. Umntu owadlulayo ukhetho wamiselwa kwisithuba esisemthethweni ngabaphathi bephondo, waza waba ngu-rabbi osemthethweni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba, njengomyalo, aba bantu babengenalo ulwazi olufunekayo ukugcina nokuqhuba imfundiso yenkonzo, ngokufanayo nabo kwakukho noRabi ongokomoya okhethwe ngabantu kuluntu.

Wanyulwa iminyaka emithathu kwaye ngaphezu kwimiqathango yokunqula, babenyanzelekile ukuba baqhube iincwadi zeetriki, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ekugqibeleni okanye ekutshatweni komtshato.

Rabi ngexesha lethu

KwiRashiya yanamhlanje, kunye nakwamanye amazwe ehlabathi, namhlanje oorabhi babantu baphantsi komntu omnye onesihloko esithi "ogqwesileyo okanye ongu-rabbi". Esi sihloko sesithuba senkokheli yoluntu lwamaYuda sasisemthethweni ngo-1990.

Ugxininiso olugqithiseleyo kumsebenzi we-rabbi ngoku luyenziwa kwimisebenzi yemfundo nentlalo. Inxaxheba ephambili kuyo izinikele ekusebenziseni nabafundisi beentlanga, intshumayelo, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi yoluntu lwamaYuda.

Ngethuba lethu, umrabi ungaphezu kwayo yonke inkokeli yokomoya engayifundisi nje iTorah kwaye iyazi ukufunyanwa kweemfuno zezenkolo, kodwa ingaphendula nayiphi na imibuzo enomdla okanye isombulule imeko yobomi obunzima. Nabani na umntu ofanelekileyo oqeqeshiwe angaba ngumfundisi. Kodwa ukugcina eli lungelo kunzima. Emva koko, nayiphi na umntu ombongoza kuye kulindeleke kumrabi ibhunga elisekelwe kuphela kumava, kodwa ngobulumko, kuthathwa kwixesha elide.