Isikhumbuzo ku-Alexander 2 eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg nakwezinye iidolophu zaseRashiya

Ulawulo luka-Aleksander 3 lwaluphele iminyaka engama-13. Wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-emperor-umenzi wokuthula. Yayisigqibo sakhe esakhangela ukwakhiwa kweTrans-Siberian Railway ngo-1886. Wayejongwa njengomgcini weendlela zaseSiberia. Wayeqonda ukubaluleka kunye nobume obukhethekileyo bokwakha, ngoko wayala ukuba ibekwe nguNyana wakhe-isikhulu uNicholas. Kwathi ngo-Meyi 1891, xa baseVladivostok baqala ukwakha isiseko sesitishi sezitrosi.

Cwangciso

Ngozuko lukaMlawuli uAlexander 3 kunye neenkonzo zakhe eRashiya, kwagqitywa isigqibo sokumisa izikhumbuzo ezi-3. Eyokuqala kubo ekuqaleni komzila, oko kukuthi, e-Petersburg, okwesibini - phakathi kweNgxenye yeSiberia, e-Irkutsk, kunye neyesithathu - ekupheleni kwesebe, eyaphela eVladivostok. Kodwa ezi zicwangciso zahlala kuphela ephepheni. Ekugqibeleni, isikhumbuzo sibonakala kuphela e-Irkutsk.

Isikhumbuzo sokuqala

Kwafakwa ngexesha lokugqitywa kokwakhiwa kweTrans-Siberia Railway. Isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandriya 3 sabekwa phakathi kwecandelo leloliwe, e-Irkutsk, kwibhankini ye-Angara, esecaleni kwesitalato saseBolshaya (ngoku ngu Karl Marx).

Esi siganeko sandulelwe ngumncintiswano we-All-Russian, kunye nokufumana imvume yokukhulisa imali ekudalweni kwayo kulo lonke ilizwe, ekubeni i-monument imali enhle kwi-treasury ayikho. Ukhuphiswano lwaphumelelwa ngu-Academician RR Bach. Ngelo xesha wayesele eyaziwa ngesikhumbuzo sakhe ku-Alexander Pushkin, esasungulwe eTarsarse Selo kunye nesityekiso kuMikhail Glinka eMoscow.

Inkoliso yeprojekthi yeBach yanyulwa ngenxa yokuba imbono yakhe yayilula kwaye ayibizi. Wayekhulelwa ukuba angabeki nje isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandriya 3, kodwa ngokubanzi umcimbi omkhulu wembali, okwakhiwa kweTrans-Siberia Railway. Ngokubanzi, le projekthi yavunywa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ayizange ifune ukuphucula ngaphezulu. Into eye kwafuneka yatshintshe yayizibukhulu bomfanekiso wabamlawuli. Yenyuka malunga neekhilomitha enye kunye nesiqingatha.

Inkcazelo yesikhumbuzo e-Irkutsk

U-Aleksander 3 wayemelwe kwifom ye-Ataman, eneengqayi ezibanzi eziza kwiibhuthi. Ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo iiCosacks zaseSiberia zambethe. Ukuphakama kwesikhumbuzo bekuyi-5 m, kwaye isikhumbuzo sonke sasi-11 m.

U-Academician Bach wakwazi ukudala yonke into eyakhiweyo yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kunye nezobunqamlezo, ezazithetha ngembali yaseSiberia. Isikhumbuzo ngokwaso saphoswa eSt. Petersburg. Iqonga lesikhumbuzo esivela kuzo zonke iikona lihlotshiswe ngeengubo zeengalo: jikelele-iSiberiya, iphondo leYenisei, imizi yase-Irkutsk neYakutsk. Yonke imifanekiso yayikukhuselo. Zenziwe ngefom relief relief. Kwaye ubunye obungokomfanekiso waseSiberia bumelelwa yimigqomo kunye neetyunja, eziphakathi kweengalo.

Kwakhona ngamacala omanyathelo ahamba ngamakhulu amathathu, azinikele ku-Ermak kunye neenkokheli zombini zaseSiberia - uN. N. Muraviev-Amur noMnu M. Speransky. Ngaphambili kwakukho ukhozi ophezu amabini, ebambelele kumacwecwe ayo umqulu kunye nomyalelo womlawuli.

Isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksander 3 e-Irkutsk savulwa ngo-Agasti 30, 1908. Ucingo kuye kwenziwa emva kweminyaka emine kuphela. Kwakuyi-lattice ye-iron-cast, ehlotshiswe ngomhlobiso weentyatyambo, kunye nomfanekiso weSt. George. Kwiinkalo kwiintsika ze-granite zifake izibane. Le projekthi iphinde iphakamise ukuphulwa kwesikwere kwindawo apho isikhumbuzo siya kuma khona. Umsebenzi ekudalweni kwayo waqala ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo. Kufuneka kuthiwa i-Alexander Square yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabemi beli sixeko kwaye yayingumtsalane.

Ukutshabalalisa

Ngelishwa, lonke lobu buhle ludlulileyo. Emva koyiso lokugqibela luka-Oktobha Revolution, ngowe-1920, ngomhla wokubhiyozela iPervomaia, isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandria 3 e-Irkutsk sachithwa, ngaphandle kweenyawo. Emva koko, isibalo somlawuli sasiyiswa entendelezweni yesakhiwo apho kwakhiwa khona iMusic Museum yaseSiberia. Ekugqibeleni, yachithwa.

Kuze kube ngo-1964, i-footestal yayingenanto kwaze kwaba yilapho i-obelisk ikhonkrithi yayakhiwe kuyo, eyenziwe ngokuklanywa komqambi owaziwayo u-V.P. Shmatkov. Kwaye kwangaphambi koko, ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kucetywayo ukubeka izitho zomsebenzi, uLenin noShelikhov, kodwa izandla azizange zifikelele kwindawo. Kwiminyaka engama-60 yekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo, ngokwecebo lokuvuselelwa kwesi sixeko, inxalenye ye- Alexander Garden yabhujiswa.

Ukubuyisela kwakhona

Ekuqaleni kweli nqanaba, saqala ukucinga ngokubuyisela isikhumbuzo sokuqala kwiAlexandria 3, njengepastadi yangaphambi kokuguquguquka nomfanekiso wakhe kufunyenwe kwiimaliyamyuzi zasekuhlaleni. Kwakukho kuyo imifanekiso yelitya elitsha lobhedu lombusi. Ekwindla ka-2003, isikhumbuzo safumana ukubonakala kwayo kwangaphambili saza sithatha indawo ekhoneni yezitalato zangaphambili: i-Embankment kunye neBolshoi.

Imbali yesikhumbuzo eSt. Petersburg

Isikhumbuzo sathunyelwa nguMbusi uNiclas 2 kunye namalungu oonyana bakhe. Ukuze wenze lo msebenzi, u-sculptor wase-Italy uP. P. Trubetskoi wakhethwa. Ukususela ngo-1897 kunye neminyaka eyi-9 ezayo, wayehlala eRashiya. Imodeli yeso sikratshi iTrubetskoi ebulawa eSt. Petersburg. Ngenxa yale njongo, kwakhiwa indlu yensimbi neglasi. Kwakukho kwiStaro-Nevsky Prospekt. Ingqikithi, umdwebi wenza imizekelo engama-14: 2 ngobukhulu bekhumbuzo ngokwayo, 4 ngobukhulu obupheleleyo kunye ne-8 encinci.

Umfanekiso wesibhakabhaka wawuphonswa yi-Italiyali ye-E.Sperati. Isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandriya 3 sineengxenye ezimbini. Eyokuqala kwezi zinto - umfanekiso we-emperor - yenziwe kwisiseko saseK. A. Robekki. Inxalenye yesibini yomfanekiso kwakuyihashe , eyayizityhalalwa kwisityalo se- Obukhov.

Ngaphezulu kweso sikhewu kwakuyi-architect F.O.Shekhtel, owayiqingqiweyo esuka kwi-granite ebomvu. Kwakuyi-3 m ukuphakama. Kwakubhalwe ngumbhalo othi "uMlawuli uAlexander III - umsekeli omkhulu waseSiberia".

Ndimele ndithi ukususela ekuqaleni, umsebenzi kaTrubetskoi wayengenelisekanga kakhulu ngu-Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich. Wathi le sikhumbuzo siyi-caricature yomzalwana wakhe. Kodwa ekukhuseleni umzekisi wayengumhlolokazi womlawuli, owathi wabona umfanekiso ocacileyo ufana nomyeni wakhe ofileyo. Nguye oye wancedisa ekugqityweni kwesikhumbuzo. Ekugqibeleni, ngoMeyi 23, 1909, isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandria 3 eSt. Petersburg savuleka kwimeko emangalisayo.

I-Future of the Monument

Ngowe-1919, emva kokunqoba kweBolsheviks, izibongo ezibhalwa nguDednyi, phantsi kwegama elithi "Scarecrow", zagqitywa kwi-footestal. Emva kweminyaka engama-8, xa kugubha iminyaka eyishumi ye-revolution, ukuhlobisa isikwere isikhumbuzo sasihlanganiswe kwinqanawa yesinyithi, kwaye ngasemva kwayo igaleli kunye nenyundo okubhalwe kuyo "USSR".

Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini emva kokuphunyezwa kwe-Revolution ye-Oktobha, isikhumbuzo saqedwa ngokupheleleyo. Kwada ngo-1953, yayigcinwa kwiivenkile zokugcina iimyuzi zaseRussia, kwaye yabe iphakanyisiwe kwaye yafakwa entendelezweni. Ephakathi kwe-90 kwagqitywa isigqibo sokuhambisa isikhumbuzo ku-Alexander 2 eSt. Petersburg. KwiNdlu yeMarble, phambi kwendawo yokungena kwayo, apho isebe leMyuziyam yaseRashiya selikhoyo khona, esi sikhumbuzo simi. Kungekude kudlulileyo, amagunya agqiba ukufudlulela endaweni yayo yangaphambili, oko kukuthi, kwindawo yoMvukelo, kodwa isigqibo malunga nalo mbandela asikabanjwanga.

Isikhumbuzo kuMlawuli waseMoscow

Ukusebenza kwesi sikhumbuzo kwaphela iminyaka engama-12, ukususela ngo-1900. Umdwebi uA. Opekushin, isakhiwo sika A. N. Pomerantsev, njengomyili oyintloko kunye nenjineli KA Greinert, owayenomsebenzi wokuvelisa imisebenzi, wasebenza kwiprojekthi yekhumbuzo. Kulo lwakhiwo lwaqokelela i-ruble engaphezu kwe-2.5 yezigidi, kwaye le yintsikelelo enkulu kula maxesha.

Isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandria 3 eMoscow savulwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi 1912, kwi-Prechistenskaya Embankment, kwisikwere kufuphi neCathhedral of Christ uMsindisi. Lo mbhiyozo wawubungcwangu. Kwakukhona uMbusi uNiclas 2 kunye nomfazi kunye nabantwana bakhe, onke amalungu eBhunga leSizwe kunye ne-State Duma, oomkhulu, ama-admirals, iinkokheli zephondo kunye nabaphathi bephondo, abameli bemibutho yoluntu eyahlukeneyo kunye nabanye abaninzi. Okunye

Inkcazelo yeSikhumbuzo seMoscow

Isikhumbuzo senziwe ngethusi kwaye sichaza umbusi ohleli esihlalweni sobukhosi. Apha wayekho kuyo yonke imibuso yobukhosi, kuquka amandla kunye nentonga yezandla ezandleni zakhe, kunye nesithsaba entloko yakhe, kunye ne-porphyry ephonswe phezu kwamagxa akhe, oko kukuthi, isambatho sekosi, ehla kwi-footestal granite. I-plinth ye-pedestal yayihlotshiswe ngeeagle ezinamaqatha aphezu kweentloko ezimbini eziphakanyiswe ngamaphiko aphethwe ngethusi. Ngaphezulu kwabo basebenze umdwebi u-AL Aubert.

Ndimele ndithi isitshixo ku-Aleksandriya 3 sinceda kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa jikelele kweCathedral kaKristu uMsindisi. Ngasemva kwesigxina somlawuli kwakukho i-granite balustrade, kunye nesiteji esihle kakhulu esikhokelela kumanzi ngokwawo.

Ukuzisola kwam, lesi sikhumbuzo esihle sasiyiminyaka engama-6 kuphela. Yatshatyalaliswa ehlobo le-1918, xa ubukhokheli baseSoviet bafudukela eMoscow. Kodwa kusekho ezimbalwa zeefoto zakhe. Isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandria 3 eMoscow, mhlawumbi, sinobukhulu kunabo bonke. Isitishi, esasemva kokutshatyalaliswa kwayo, saqhubeka safika ngowe-1931, xa iCathedral kaKristu uMsindisi yachithwa.

Isikhumbuzo eNovosibirsk

Kukholelwa ukuba ukubonakala kwesi sixeko kwakusungulwe ngokuchanekileyo ngummiselo ka-Emperor uAlexandria 3 ekuqaleni kokwakha iSitimela seTrans-Siberia. Umzila wokuqala woololiwe kule ndawo wawubizwa ngokuba nguAlexandrovsky ngokuhlonipha i-tsar. Emva koko yajika yaba yidolophu kwaye yaqanjwa ngokuthi yiNovakolakolaevsk, njengoko ukwakhiwa kweTrsibsib kwalawulwa ngu-Nicholas umbusi wexesha elizayo 2. Ngoku isi sixeko sesigidi esisigidi nesigidi.

Isikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandria 3 eNovosibirsk saba mkhulu kakhulu-ubude bayo bufikelela kwimitha eyi-13. Isikhumbuzo sakhiwe kwi-Ob River. Yenziwe ngethusi, kwaye i-footestal yenziwe ngegranite. Inxalenye engaphantsi kwayo yayihlotshiswe ngombhalo obanjwe kwi-script ephezulu ye-tsar eyakhiwa nguTranssib. Umbhali weprojekthi nguMculi wabantu baseRussia uSalavat Shcherbakov.

Ukuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandriya 3 kwachithwa ukuba kuhambelane noMhla weSixeko, owaba neminyaka eyi-119 ubudala. Lo mbhiyozo waqala phakathi kobusuku ukusuka ngomhla wama-23 ukuya ku-24 kuJuni 2012. Abaphulaphuli banikwe ngamaphepha efoto kunye neendaba, kuboniswa kwizikrini ezinkulu. Banikezelwe kwingxelo yesityebi esi sixeko. Kwisikhumbuzo ku-Aleksandria 3 eNovosibirsk kwaye ekuvukeni kwayo kwaza kubonwa malunga nabantu abayi-5 000. Ulapha apha wayengumzukulu ka-Alexander, uPavel Kulikov, ongummi waseDenmark. Abazibonela ngamehlo bathi ukufana kwakhe kwangaphandle nomlawuli kubaluleke gqitha.