Virunga - Ipaki kaZwelonke kwi-Democratic Republic of the Congo. Inkcazelo izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. National Parks ye Democratic Republic of the Congo: uluhlu

Kwi nomda Uganda Rwanda, kwimpuma Congo, yenye yezona ndawo UNESCO Heritage World - Virunga. National Park yeyona indala e-Afrika. It esizigubungeleyo ummandla ezikwere zeekhilomitha 7800, kufutshane homonymous iqela mlilo iliwa kwelinye icala kunye dike odumileyo Kivu enye. Lo mmandla uquka amathafa kunye namahlathi, amaSilamsi neentlambo, mlilo ezigqunywe ice-zagutyungelwa ke iintaba Rwenzori, amachibi acwengileyo litshabalale ihewu mlilo. Yeyona likhaya ngaphezu kwekota lokusinda iintlobo iigorila ntaba, kukho iintlobo ezisengozini neendlulamthi - Okapi kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi, neentaka nezityalo.

le paki

umhlaba olubanzi esigquma mmandla ukusuka Lake Kivu ukuya Semliki River (ikhosi ophakathi) kwintshona kwemida yommandla East Afrika nandzu. Territory yolula yaye imiqathango yahlulwe kumacandelo ezintathu:

• Northern - ezintabeni kunye neziciko nekhephu Rwenzori, ices leyo yenye yemithombo eziphambili yamanzi lusidla iNayile; kulapha ecaleni entilini umlambo. Semliki uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana Okapi;
• kwicandelo engundoqo iquka Lake Edward kunye ezinkqantsoni Ishasha, Rutshuru kunye Rwindi, ngumbindi iphambili oluvuneka kulwahlukano iintlobo zeentaka kunye nezilwanyana, kuquka nabantu abaninzi iindlovu, iimvubu, njl.;
• kwicandelo Southern kuquka mlilo udaka ihewu yaseNyiragongo Nyamuragira kunye nasebenza, kwakunye nezinye iincopho Virunga chain; inkoliso ndawo zigqunywe ngamahlathi kuhlala gorilla entabeni kunye nezinye iintlobo ezininzi monkeys.

Facts ukususela kwimbali yale paka

Kuba okokuqala kunye nohlobo ye injongosenzi namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Virunga (National Park okwangoku), nazo ngo-1902, umthetheli womkhosi waseJamani O. wethu, ngubani ngexesha lokuzingela rhoqo kufuphi encotsheni igorila wabulala Sabino ubukhulu ezinkulu kakhulu. Kuqala wacinga ukuba bahlale apha akakwazi. Mzingeli wacebisa ukuba uhlobo olutsha, ngoko wathumela eyinzululwazi yezilwanyana kubulawa amathambo eJamani. Ukuthelekisa indlela ezakhiwe ngayo iintlobo ezaziwayo obeku- yaseAfrika uthumele umbandela, bafumana umahluko morphological lamanqaku 34. emva konyaka omnye, isilwanyana kwachazwa Umphandi Paul kaMaki, kodwa kule minyaka engama-20 ezayo lomsebenzi isifundo a ohlobo ezintsha wayeka. Oku kuchazwe yi imeko entsonkothileyo neAfrika kunye nesimo abaqiniseki ntsimi.

Ngowe-1921 waya hambo entabeni ukhokelwa taxidermist yaseMelika nomkroli semvelo Karlom Eykli. Wafumana izilwanyana ezintlanu abotshwe ngenxa imyuziyam, kodwa umphumo engundoqo wonke umsebenzi wakhe wayengekho kuwo. Okwenzeka ezi gorila yeyokukhulisa, wafunda ezininzi iimpawu zokuziphatha, wafumanisa ukuba bahlala ngokwamaqela usapho esitalini ekuthinjweni ukuze nje zingalahleka ngaphandle nezalamane zabo. Lowo lichonge kwaye inani labo ayikho bukhulu kangaka, izilwanyana adinga ukhuseleko kunye nokulondolozwa zokuhlala zendalo kangaka. Sinokuthi oku ekuqaleni ukusekwa iwonga ekhethekileyo indawo yemvelo Virunga. National Park yavulwa ngo-1925 kwaye ngelo xesha wamzalela igama kaKumkani Albert. imida yayo iyachazwa Eykli ngokobuqu ziquka yonke imimandla omiweyo yi gorilla. igama layo lokugqibela epakini eyafunyanwa ngowe-1969, phantse iminyaka elishumi emva kokufumana inkululeko of Congo.

Iintlobo zezilwanyana reserve

Isiseko yale paka kunye nokulondolozwa kwayo kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo ezi gorila intaba, njengokuba kunjalo, mhlawumbi, abemi ephambili, ikhuselwe nangononophelo olukhulu kunye sinexhala. Bona zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. igalelo elikhulu naturalist wenza D. Fossey owabulawa ngokungemthetho epakini ngo-1985. Isenzo esiqhubekayo kukhuseleko iindidi ezininzi uncedo ukuphucula le meko, kodwa ungquzulwano esitsha emkhosini ngo-2008 kwakhokelela ekuthatheni kwikomkhulu ekhuselweyo ndawo. Gorilla elizayo kwakhona sikumkani sisengozini ngenxa yokubhuqiswa kwamahlathi. kwenziwa umonakalo enkulu, yaye zonke zasendle ngokubanzi. imimandla ekhuselweyo, ingakumbi amahlathi kunye amathafa - likhaya Buffalo iindlovu, iindlulamthi, bangafani, warthogs, antelopes, iingonyama, amahlosi, njl of the Congo - .. I-lizwe kuphela ehlabathini apho Okapi ubomi (eliboniswe ngezantsi) - neempuphu pet le giraffidae yosapho.

Inani le Okapi kona ayaziwa, ekubeni izilwanyana ngasese kakhulu kwaye ndineentloni, kodwa uqikelelo nje kukuba abantu-10 ukuya kuma-20 amawaka. Imbali ngexesha lokufunyanwa ayikafiki ifom de babe phantse umyezo yajika iphambili zenkulungwane yama-20. Okapi - Ndingumhlali wase amahlathi kwaye ixhaswe ngqo yamahlamvu ngoko ngokukhutheleyo ukugawula imithi ogqwetha yena kuphela ekhaya, kodwa ukutya kwakhona. Kwaye ngenxa yezenzo zabantu kuphela ezi zilwanyana. Kwiminyaka 45 inani iimvubu Sehle phantse 30 amaxesha, iinyathi - ngo-40 bush Afrika elephant - 10.

Birds and ezirhubuluzayo

Xa nobukhulu bendawo egciniweyo izala iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-800 zeentaka, 25 kubo esoloko ikho elililo naphi na ehlabathini akakwazi ukufumana nabo kwakhona. Kufutshane emanzini imigxobhozo, uyakwazi ukubona cormorants, bitterns, ibises, skimmer, darters, nenkqo, Ujiza, abameli kitoglavov ploceidae. Kwiindawo yasezintabeni omiweyo ziintlobo ezinqabileyo ezifana pestrogrudka eSunbird Rockefeller elikhulu, bananoedy kunye blackbirds Oberlander. Of abameli iklasi izirhubuluzi ezichatshazelwe kakhulu amaninzi afumaneka nerhamba, amarhamba, i Jameson mamba, omnyama-ilukhuni kokutshica cobra, Nile Monitor kunye ingwenya, ezenza kwakhona wabonakala amanzi Semliki River kudala.

Abemi imilambo namachibi

Ezigqala enkulu kakhulu kwimaphu, Lake Edward Kuzo zonke imizimba omkhulu wamanzi Afrika lisezantsi. Ummandla kumphezulu wayo amanzi - malunga 2325 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, kubekwe ezinobude kweemitha 920. kubunzulu obukhulu umiselwe kwiimitha ezili-12, kodwa enyanisweni avareji -. 17 m Kuyinto nzulu, ngoko musa kwahluka iintlobo elikhulu kunene iintlanzi; ikakhulu alawulwa iintlobo zezityalo ezivela usapho cichlids. Zinelungelo uluhlu olubanzana zobukhulu - ukususela 2.5 cm ukuya-1 m - kunye iimilo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, abemi bayo engundoqo yenza intlanzi kunye iimvubu (bona ifoto. Ngaphezu), ezi zikhokelela yokuphila nezo zihlala emhlabeni nasemanzini. izilwanyana Huge (ukukhathaza ukuya kwiitoni ezingama-4) kunye nesimo angonwabi, yaye "libi" uphawu ngaphandle ndlongo, kakhulu, zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. Phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane, inani bancipha phantse 95% uyavuma ukuba nani ezoyikisayo. inyama yesilwanyana kudala isetyenziswa basekuhlaleni ukutya, namabamba awo ezixabisa ngaphezu endlovu, kutheni kukho kangaka ngaphandle kwemvume.

umhlaba emifuno

flora myezo yeyona angafaniyo. Oku wachaza into yokuba Virunga - National Park, nto leyo awela yi imimandla eliqela biogeographic. Kwi kwintsimi kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-2,000 kwezityalo. Yinduli esezantsi kolundi neentlambo ke imifuno indawo kolawulo ukusuka undersized ukuya phezulu, kwimeko yokuqala ilawulwa okuziinkozo, ezifana Imperata cylindrica. Kukho imithi abangatshatanga: .. Gingerbread umthi Adanson, iBaobab, njl ityholwana amathafa nemihlaba yeenkuni zizaliswa kakhulu umnga combretum, leyo baninzi ngakumbi kufuphi Lake Edward. Wonxweme yeengcongolo eqhelekileyo, eqhelekileyo ngengcongolo, nutsedge. Ngokuthe ngcembe indawo amahlathi emvula nezangaphakathi ethafeni kwaye shinyi, ngokukodwa kwinxalenye esemantla, isiqingatha leyo ibekwe ngaphezu m 1800-2300 ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kukho iyakhula zasendle isundu, uqalo, ngaphezu 3000 m - nezempilo, iErica Arborea, nogoplodnik kunye nabanye.

park mlilo

Emazantsi le paki ngokungaphelelanga ezigqunyiweyo udaka ithafa mlilo Virunga massif. Yena udlula ummandla kumazwe amathathu, layo ukuphakama - km 4,5. Chain ntaba iqulethe mlilo ezisibhozo, ezimbini apho afumaneka eCongo. Lava ihewu, njengoko ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo esebenzayo, emva kokuba phezu isixa esikhulu abangelwe mlilo. Nyamuragira mlilo kucingwa ukuba lixakeke lonke eli lizwekazi. Ekubeni yaqala ukuba dubulo kujongwa yenzekile izihlandlo ezingama-35. Lava ihewu ukulidla ummandla 1.5 macala onke. M. km. Lo mlilo yesibini esebenzayo - yaseNyiragongo (ingasentla), ukususela 1882 ukuya phezu daka kwaqhambuka izihlandlo 34. Lo msebenzi kakhulu isebenzayo sabhalwa ngowe-1977, oko akuzange ngaphandle amaxhoba zabantu.

yokuvikela gorilla

izityalo ezininzi kunye nezilwanyana ye Virunga egciniweyo zinqabile okanye esoloko ikho, kodwa ugxininiso lusasetyenziswa iigorila ntaba, ezo kungokunje ziphantsi kwesoyikiso yokutshabalala. Le meko nzima ungquzulwano exhobileyo rhoqo kule ngingqi. Amadela kunye nabazingeli zibulale izilwanyana kuphela kodwa rangers. Ngoko ke, ngo-2007, loo mini, babulala yonke intsapho ka gorilla abantu abahlanu. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, le meko iye ngcono, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi ezingcwele rangers ngubani ngokoqobo esichengeni ubomi babo ukulondoloza le ndawo yendalo. Konke oku, Kakade ke, kufuna utyalo-mali womhlaba. Icandelo livela World Fund Wide bemvelo, inani elithile ivela kushishino lwezokhenketho kunye korhulumente ubuqu. Nabakuvuyelayo ipaki kunye nemibutho yabucala. Iinkokeli bekulungele ukwamkela naluphi na uncedo kunokwenzeka - ngezinto kunye nokutya ukuba udluliselo lwemali. Zonke kwangoku siye kuquka ukwakhiwa kocingo yombane, nto leyo evumela ukukhusela iindawo ezikhuselweyo zendalo ukusuka kwenkolo abangenamvume kunye nezinye iindwendwe okungafunekiyo.

Ukuvikela elephants

Ezi izilwanyana ezinkulu, ezinamandla kwaye ikrelekrele, Isimanga, basengozini kakhulu. Ihlathi iindlovu, kunye gorila entabeni, ekunokuthiwa abemi eziphambili Virunga park. urhwebo ezingcolileyo amazinyo zeendlovu kwaye zibangela umonakalo omkhulu inane ezi zilwanyana. Park gamekeeper uncedo ehlabathini lonke, ukuba ukulungele ukuba bazibandakanye kumlo wokulwa abangenamvume, kodwa ufuna imipu iiyunifomu, izixhobo. ezibalulekile zesilwanyana ngasinye, eninzi imali ichithwe kuquka ukuba unyango wabangxwelerhiweyo nezilima. Izazinzulu lubonise ukuba izilwanyana ukulimala post-traumatic stress disorder, iyafana yintoni eyenzekayo ebantwini. Ukongezelela kunyango, iindlovu kufuneka kwimo yesiqhelo, okanye ke babe ndlongo, kukungazinzi ngokweemvakalelo nobungozi wonke umhlambi xa iyonke.

Izinja-aba bazingeli

Bloodhound dog uhlobo eyaziwa ngokuba ingqiqo ogqwesileyo ivumba kunye nesakhono udavlivat ndlela. Esi silwanyana uyakwazi ukumisela ivumba wacela abanye kwezigidi ezihlanu, aze akwazi ukuya ukugcina umkhondo abantu, nditsho embi. Intsimi yale paka kumba kwaye zahlukahlukene kakhulu yokubona: ezintabeni (Ruwenzori, Virunga), umhlaba mlilo, amathafa amathafa, imigxobhozo kunye namachibi. Kubalulekile ukuba yande yonke kweendawo ukuze kulondolozwe eli elikhethekileyo indalo. project ukuzalela kunye nokusetyenziswa izinja epakini Virunga ukukhusela yaye bloodhounds ikhokelwa ngu Dr. Marlene Zahner. Ekuphumezeni iinjongo zayo nayiphi na indlela, ngoko ukusebenza kunye amaqela abantu Bloodhound siyasebenza kwaye iluncedo.

Ezinye iipaki zesizwe ye-Democratic Republic of the Congo

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindawo ezikhuselweyo ngokungqongqo abahlala-15% yendawo epheleleyo lizwe, abaninzi babo, ukuze igama nje esisiseko kwaye olubanzi.

1. Garamba - ipaki kumntla-mpuma likarhulumente, omnye omdala e-Afrika, i-ndawo - 4480 square metres. km. Emantla luxhomekeke ekubeni amathafa kunye engca kunye zengca abade, kufutshane kwelasezantsi, ukuba indawo amahlathi phantsi kuqala, kwandula ke gallery namahlathi emvula. Epakini nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, ndahlala imbono ekhethekileyo - engomkhombe emhlophe emantla. Ngoku kukho bathathu nje kuphela abantu ezi zilwanyana, bahlala kwi reserve zaseKenya.
2. Upemba - Reserve, akhiwe kwi Kibar thafa nokuba indawo 11,73 ezadalwa .. km. Kuye kwavulwa ngowe-1939, kodwa kule mini zonke izityalo kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala kuwo, azikhange wafunda, yaye ezinye, mhlawumbi, akwaziwa kwinzululwazi. Flora kuquka malunga 1800 iintlobo.
3. Kahuzi-Biega - ummandla osisidambisi engasezantsi. amahlathi iNtombi emvula Wasolula emazantsi mlilo ezimbini icinyiwe, leyo wamnika igama kule ndawo. Area 6 macala onke. M. km. Le yenye yeendawo yokugqibela omiweyo ziintlobo ezizodwa obeku- - igorila lwasempumalanga yasezithabazini, ubungakanani labemi - abantu abangama-250 kuphela.

Virunga - National Park, kwimephu yehlabathi nje ezibengezelayo dot ebomvu. isikhundla sakhe ziyingozi kakhulu kwaye ukutshabalala, kusongela ilahleko ubuntu izinto ezizodwa zemvelo amakhulu kweentlobo izilwanyana neentaka.