Iintlanzi zaseSt. Petersburg. Imyuziyam yaseRussia yaseSt. Petersburg. Iindawo ezingalibalekiyo zeSaint-Petersburg

ISt. Petersburg ngumzi wamagqirha, apho bonke abatyeleli belizwe bazama ukutyelela ekufikeni eRashiya. Kwiminyaka emithathu nje kuphela, inani elinqabileyo lezikhumbuzo kunye nezakhiwo zobugcisa zakhiwa. Phakathi kwayo yonke imizi yaseRashiya, uPetros akabonakali nje ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo, kodwa nangenxa yomoya. I-Leningradians, eyasinda ngexesha le-Great Great Patriotic War, malunga ne-900 imini nobusuku obungamakhulu ama-900, ayizange ilahleke iimpawu zabantu kwaye ilungele ukuwamkela bonke abatyeleli abafuna ukubona iimyuziyam zaseRussia ezidumileyo zaseSt. Petersburg.

Kwimlambo yazalwa, amaxesha amathathu awela ...

Kwiinkulungwane ezimbini emva kokusungulwa kweSt. Petersburg, umbuzo wokuqamba kabusha kwakhona waqala ukuphakanyiswa. Inyaniso kukuba ekuqondeni abantu basezidolophini kwakukho into enqabileyo egameni lakhe, naye "Western". Iziphakamiso zaza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kodwa, ngokusemthethweni, bonke babilisa ukuba banike igama likaPetros ngokukhumbuza amagama asezidolophini zasendulo zaseRashiya, njengokomzekelo, uNovogorod okanye iVladimir, ngokumangalisayo, ngokuhle nangendlela yethu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iimeko ezinjalo ezifana neNew Moscow okanye isixeko sasePeter zazikhankanywe rhoqo.

Ingcamango yokuqamba kabusha yazaliseka kuphela ngowe-1914, kwaye yayixhomekeke ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala. Isixeko saba yiPetrograd, kwaye kwiminyaka elishumi - uLeningrad. Ngo-1991, iSt. Petersburg yabuyiselwa kwigama layo lembali. Namhlanje abantu banokuva isiqwenga esithakazelisayo malunga noPetros: wazalelwa kwi-swamp, wabhaptizwa kathathu, akazange akhiphe intshaba-wahlala eyiqhawe!

Kodwa ke, kutheni iSt. Petersburg?

Kwiminyaka emakhulu emithathu yembali, umzi kwi-Neva utshintshe igama lawo kathathu. Abanye bacetyisa ukuba iSt. Petersburg ibizwa ngokuba ngumzukulu wayo umsekeli uPetros Omkhulu, kodwa le ngxelo ayinyani ngokupheleleyo. ERashiya, umntwana wanikezwa igama lomntu ongcwele, ngomhla wokukhumbula kwakhe. Le nkcubeko yinyani namhlanje. UMbusi wokuqala we-All-Russia wabhaptizwa ngoJuni 29, 1672, usuku lokukhumbula uMpostile uPetros. Ukususela esemncinci, umlawuli wexesha elizayo wayedla ingcamango yokubiza ngomoya oyingcwele yinqaba yaseRussia, eyayiza kuyakha. La maphupha ayenzelwe ukuzaliseka.

Ngo-1703 kwiSiqithi sase- Hare kwakhiwa isakhiwo, esibizwa ngokuba ngumpostile uPetros waseSt. Petersburg. Esi siganeko esibalulekileyo senzeke ngoMeyi. Kwinyanga kunye nesiqingatha kamva, ngoJuni, inkulu yamatyala egameni leZiNgcwele uPetros noPawulos babakhiwe kwintsimi yenkqantosi. Umcwangcisi uDomenico Trezzini wasebenza kule projekthi iminyaka engama-21 waza wafumana iziphumo ezingalindelekanga: isakhiwo esiphezulu se-122.5-mitha sasiyona ede kakhulu kunomntla osenyakatho kude kube ngo-2012. Nangona kunjalo, Kungekudala iinqaba zaba nguPetros noPawulos, kwaye isixeko saqanjwa ngokuthi iSt. Petersburg. Namhlanje kwi-Hare Island kukho izinto ezibalulekileyo zeSt. Petersburg, emva kokubona oko, unokufunda konke malunga nekcubeko leRashiya.

Ukuqhubekiswa kweememori zikaPetros Omkhulu

I-Bronze Horseman yisiganeko esidumileyo saseSt. Petersburg, esiye kwiSenate Square iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu mabini. Eli gama lanikelwa isikhumbuzo ngokuhlonipha imbongo engumgama ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, nangona kunjalo ukuba yenziwe ngebhedu. Ukukhishwa kwesithombeni kwagqitywa ngo-1778, kwaye ke abaqulunqi bejongene nomsebenzi: apho bafumana khona ilitye, apho kuya kwenzeka ukuba bamise isikhumbuzo kuPetros. E-St. Petersburg, waqala ukukhangela umntu onokukunceda ukufumana ukhetho olufanelekileyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wamphendula uSemyon Vishnyakov. "Ilitye lokuduma" elinamathani angama-2,400 laziswa kwiSenate Square ngamandla abantu abaye bathatha inxaxheba ekuphuhliseni iindlela zokuhamba kunye nendlela.

IHermitage ngumoya kaPetros

Isakhiwo esona sihle kakhulu esi sixeko sisePalest Square. Kwiminyaka emininzi iHermitage ibe yinto enzima, apho zonke izinto ezibalulekileyo zembali zigcinwe. Iqoqo layo elikhulu elinamawaka ezinkulungwane zemiboniso uCatherine II unabalandeli abavelele kunye nabadwebi be-Renaissance. Ukuqokelela imizobo kunye nemifanekiso yomama yaqhutyelwa nguPavel owokuQala, kwaye kamva unyana wakhe, uMbusi uAlexander. Ngomcimbi ngamnye wembali i-Hermitage yokuqokelela yayigcwaliswa ngemisebenzi emitsha. UNicho WokuQala, uthanda imicimbi yemikhosi ngokukhawuleza, wadala igalari eyaziwayo ngokuhlonipha iMfazwe yamaPradotic ye-1812. I-Palace Palace kunye nezinye iindawo ezikhunjulwayo eSt. Petersburg ziyakwenza umxholo weso sixeko-kuyo yonke iindawo zokunethezeka kunye nezinto ezingabonakaliyo zakhiwo zamandulo.

Namhlanje, phakathi kweqoqo elikhulu lezinto ezixabisekileyo, iindwendwe eziya eHermitage ziya kukwazi ukubona uLeonardo da Vinci yiMadonna waseBenois, "Ukubuyiswa koMsalugar", ama-statues amahle aseGrisi naseRoma, iimali zemali kunye nezinto zaseYiputa. Ubude obude bezo zonke iikhilomitha ezingama-25, kwaye bebelwe iiyure eziliqela ukuhlola zonke iinqununu zeNdwendwe yaseBlack, iindwendwe ziza kulwa nazo zonke iintsuku ukuya kwimihla ekhoyo.

Nesayensi kaHerodotov. Utitshala wobomi, umshumayeli wexesha elidlulileyo ...

Ubunzima bemyuziyam yezembali ziqulethwe ngamasebe asixhenxe asekuhlaleni kwidolophu kunye nasendaweni yommandla wamadolophu. Abasebenzi beziko leenkcubeko baququzelele iiprojekthi zembonakalo ezinkulu, ezenza umdla kwiindwendwe ezingaphezu kwezigidi ngonyaka. Iimyuziyam zeMbali yaseSt. Petersburg zichanekile njengenye yezona zikhulu kakhulu eRashiya, ekubeni ihlala nemizimbini yezibonakaliso zezigidi, ezithetha ngokuphuhliswa kweNkunzi-mali yaseNyakatho ukususela ngexesha elisekelwe kuloo mini.

Uphupha ntoni, i-Cruiser Aurora? ..

Iinqanawa zasemkhosini, ezivelisa i-volley yomlando, zijonge kwi-quay engunaphakade kufuphi nePetrovskaya Embankment. I-cruiser yakhiwa ngowe-1897, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu yaqaliswa. Umntwana kaKM Tokarevsky uthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yolwandle ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala kunye ne-Great Patriotic Warrior, kwaye ngo-1948 yaqulunqwa njengesixhobo sokuqeqeshwa kwii-cadets zesikolo seNakhimov. Namhlanje, kwindawo yokuhlala kunye nakwiikhampasi, iindwendwe ziyakwazi ukubona impahla yabasebenzi, izixhobo zokulinganisa ulwandle, iimephu kunye nezinye izinto ezixabisekileyo. Ukuthetha ngesidolophu esiseziqithini, akunakwenzeka ukuba ingqalelo kwiindawo zenkcubeko ezinikezelwe kwinto yamanzi. Phakathi kwazo zonke iindawo ezikhunjulwayo zembali zimeko apho imibukiso engekho imizobo kunye nobucwebe, kodwa izixhobo zendlu, izakhiwo zobunjineli eziyinkimbinkimbi. Imyuziyamanzi yamanzi eSt. Petersburg iya kuxela ngendima yokunyusa ubomi ekuzalweni koluntu kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa amanzi ukusuka e-Antiquity kuze kube ngoku.

Zonke iibhuloho azikwazi ukunqumla ...

Ukutyelela umnqweno waseNyakatho waseRashiya, ukhenketho unyanzelekile ukuba udlulise yonke iminyuziyamu kunye neetempileni zembali, kodwa oku akusikuphela kwezinto ezithandwa nguSt. Petersburg. Nabani ongakaze aye eVenice okanye e-Amsterdam uya kumangaliswa kwinani elikhulu lamabhuloho apho kuthuthwa khona umhlaba. Esi sixeko sidibene nemilambo emininzi kunye nemingcingo apho kungenakucingeka ukuhamba ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezinjalo.

Ukwangoku, kukho amabhilidi e-580 eSt. Petersburg, apho i-20 idlwengulwe ngokubamkelwa kweenqanawa zabagibeli. Abemi beli sixeko, abajwayele bonke ubuhle bayo, abazange baqwalasele ixesha elide, kodwa abakhenkethi banomdla wokubukela yonke into. Ukuze ungalahleki kwaye ungadideki, iindwendwe zeNtloko-mali kufuneka zihlale zimephu yaseSt. Petersburg kunye neendwendwe, eziza kufumana lula zonke indawo ezikhangayo.

Ukugqithiswa kweebhanti kubonakala kunomtsalane ebusweni obumnyama ekwindla. Izibane eziqhaqhazayo ezihlobisa izakhiwo zokwakha zihamba ngokukhawuleza esibhakabhakeni esibumnyama njengezikhuni. Zonke izenzo zenziwa kwishedyuli ngexesha elithile-ngokuqhelekileyo emva kobusuku bobusuku kuze kube sekuseni. KwiSt. Petersburg yiyona bridge enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni (i-97.3 m) ebizwa ngokuba yi "Blue", ngenxa yokuba ubukhulu bayo bubonakala njengengxenye yeSt. Isaac's Square.

Chizhik-Pyzhik kunye nabanye

Kuthiwa umntu ophosa i-sakhiwo kwisikhumbuzo emanzini unokukwenza nayiphi na isifiso-kwaye kuya kuzaliseka. Iziqhwala zamatye, iitempile ezinkulu kunye neemyuziyam e-St. Petersburg ngokuqinisekileyo ziyamangalisa iindwendwe zaseSt. Petersburg ngobukhulu babo, kodwa ezinye iincwadana ezincinane ziba neyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye ingaba ngumqondiso weso sixeko.

"Chizhik-pyzhik" kunye "noBunny, owasinda kuloo mkhukula" - izikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo zeSt. Petersburg. Emva kokuba uhambe ngaphaya koMlambo wasePerankaanka kwaye uhamba ngokusondele kwiBridge Bridge, kunzima ukuwubhekelela inyawo elincinane ngesakhiwo sobhedu 11 cm high. Le yinto eyaziwayo yiChizhik-Pyzhik, eyadibaniswa ne-quatrain ehlekisayo kwikhulu leshumi elinesithoba. Isikhumbuzo sabekwa ngowe-1994, kwaye ukususela ngoko kwabiwe ngokuphindwe kasikhombisa.

Umkhukula osenyakatho osenyakatho uvela rhoqo, ohambelana nokunyuka kwamanzi kwintlambo yoMlambo iNeva. Akusoloko kusuka kwizinto ezikhukhulayo zibalekela abemi, kodwa kwimbali kukho imeko emangalisayo xa intonga igcina ubomi bayo, igxuma kwi-boot yaPeter Omkhulu. Abantu basePetersburgers banquma ukuqhubela phambili isenzo sokudibana kwaye bafakwe kufuphi neBrad Bridge i-Fig.

Ubusuku obumhlophe

NgoJuni noJulayi ziinyanga ezizithandayo zabavakhenkethi, abanokubonakala bengaboni kakhulu. Ukuqala ngeenombolo zokugqibela zikaMeyi, ilanga liyanqumla umgca wecala elingama-degrees angama-9, njengesiphumo sokuthi ukuhlwa kwelanga kusihlwa kudlulele kusasa. Ubusuku obumhlophe buvame ukugcinwa ukusuka phakathi kukaJuni ukuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi, kunye nobusuku obunqambileyo bobusuku buwela ngomhla we-summer solstice.

Ngomso, ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga, akusoloko kunokwenzeka ukujonga zonke iitempile kunye neemyuziyamu, kwaye ekudleni kwemibono yaseSt. Petersburg kubonakala kukuthakazelisayo. I-alumni yazo zonke izikolo inomthendeleko othi "i-Scarlet Sail" ekupheleni kukaJuni, apho kungekhona kuphela ootitshala nabazali abanokuya khona, kodwa abadlulayo abaqhelekileyo. Iingoma kunye nemidaniso yokugqibela kuze kube sekuseni kwaye ihamba kunye nemisitho yomlilo. Ubusuku obumhlophe - njengento ekhethekileyo yendalo - kubonakaliswe kumsebenzi wabalobi abaninzi kunye nabalobi, kuquka uFedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, obhala incwadi entsha yokuthanda intando.

Iintlanzi zaseSt. Petersburg, okufuneka wonke umntu abone

Kwintlabathi esenyakatho yeRashiya kukho indawo eninzi engazikhunjulwayo ukuba akukho mmi waseSt. Petersburg angadlulela, kwaye umhenketho uya kufuneka abuyele kwisixeko ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba achithe iintsuku ezihlolisayo izikhumbuzo ezizimeleyo kunye nezembali.

Imyuziyam yaseRussia eyaziwayo yaseSt. Petersburg (iHermitage, iPeterhof kunye neCatherine Palace) kufuneka ibone wonke umntu, kodwa ngaphezu kwezi zakhiwo ezinkulu kuloo mzi zikhulu zamanye. I-St. Isaac Cathedral yaseSt. - eyona nto inkulu kunye neyona ntle kakhulu ye-Orthodox, inamakholethi ayithwala isiqulatho esithi "i-apogee yexesha le-malachite." Abaphengululi beencwadi bayokutyelela iminyuziyamu yabalobi abasemthethweni baseRashiya kunye nabanyongezi G. Derzhavin, V. Nabokov, A. Akhmatova, A. Blok kunye novuyo. Uxolo nozinzo kulo mzi kuya kuvezwa ngabameli beenkonzo zonke zonqulo, kuba, ngaphezu kweenkundla ezininzi zamathandathu kunye neecawa, kukho isinagoge, i-mosque kunye netempile kuphela yamaBuddhist enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRashiya.