Iyiphi intsomi?

Iyiphi intsomi? Ekuqaleni impendulo ibonakala ilula. Naliphi na umgcini-sithathu oza kuthetha ukuba oku kubumba, ubulumko, ulwazi lwabantu. Izingane eziphambili kakhulu zize zixele ukuba eli lizwi laqala ukuqala ngowe-1846 nguWilliam Thomson, ebonisa phantsi kwakhe nayiphi na imbonakalo yenkcubeko yokomoya yabantu.

Nangona kunjalo, yonke into ayilula. Ngokomzekelo, abaphengululi baseBrithani Great baqonda eli gama njengaluphi na ukubonakaliswa kokomoya kwabantu. Baqinisekile ukuba i-English folklore ayiyiyo kuphela ingoma yomlomo okanye ingoma, kodwa kunye nemisebenzi yezandla zomntu, idaniso, iinkolelo. Ngamafutshane, yonke into ecebile kwimbali yesizwe, zonke izithethe zayo. Ngamanye amagama, iifolkri eNgilani ithathwa njengamava kunye nolwazi, oludluliselwa ngomlomo.

Izazinzulu zaseRashiya zicinga ngokungafaniyo. Xa ebuzwa ukuba yiyiphi i-folklore, bayaphendula ngokufutshane: "Ubugcisa bobugcisa bomlomo". Iifom zezandla kuphela ezixhalabisa isiRashiya: iindwangu, amahlaya, iindaba zeengoma, ii-epics, i-anecdotes, izazi-magama, imisebenzi ye-epic.

Nangona kunjalo, ubugcisa bobuqu kuphela abukhawulelwanga kubo. Uhlawumbi uhlobo oluyimfihlelo kuzo zonke iintlanga ziqhinga. Abayidluli esikolweni, kwaye kude kube kutshanje ukuthetha ngale ndlela yokudala ayizange yamkelwe. Nangona kunjalo, abantu baye bafuna ukufumana oko bazilindele kwixesha elizayo, batshintshe i-destiny yabo, bethande imali, bethinte umntu othandayo. Ukwenza oku, beza kunye neenkulungwane zeefomu zezandi, ezihamba kunye nezenzo ezizodwa-izithethe. "Chur me!" - sichaza kwiemeko ezingekho phantsi, ngezinye iinkhathi singayazi ukuba ngolu hlobo luloyiko luloyiko olubi.

Ukuthetha ukuba yintoni intsomi, umntu akanakukunyamekela omnye umlobo - umbongo wesibini. Enyanisweni, igama elithi "imbongo" alilungile apha, kuba imitshato yomtshato ibandakanya ezininzi izaga, amazwi, iingoma zomculo, amahlaya. Zonke ezi fomu ziyadibanisa into enye-umnqweno wokukhusela intsapho yesikhathi esizayo, ukwandisa nokuqinisa intsapho, ukufezekisa indawo ephezulu yamandla. "Intlungu, uMarya Irodovna, hamba namhlanje, uza izolo," izizukulwana ezininzi ziye zathetha njengawo mazinyo. Abanye bakwenza oku, bekholelwa kwimpumelelo yelenqe. Abanye bathi i-spell ephuma kumkhwa okanye "xa kunjalo".

IMizekeliso, amahlaya, amazwi onke amazwe adibanisa ifomu: icinezelekile, kodwa iqulethe ubuchule obukhulu bulumko, ulwazi, amava afunyenwe ngaphezu kweenkulungwane. I-Pribautki ngaphandle kwezi mpawu zihluke ngovuyo, ngamanye amaxesha kolkim, ngamanye amaxesha ukugcinwa ngokulumkileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho namanye amahlaya. Bayibizwa ngokuthi "iindumiso zefesky". Ukuphela kwamahlaya awazange abe nako, kwaye yile nto eyenza abanye bahlekise. "Kukho uhlala noyise uYashka - ishidi lelineni. Ngaba uyayithanda i-story tale? Uyayithanda, kwaye ndiyayithanda. Ngaba kuye ... ". La mabali aphazamisayo aqhutywe phambili, namhlanje ayaziwayo kunoma yimuphi umntwana njengomdlalo "Thenga intlovu".

Izibonelelo zabazali kubantwana babesoloko bengenakho okuhambelanayo. Umsebenzi wabo kukuqinisekisa umntwana, ukuba anike ingqwalasela kumagama aphilileyo. "Ah, dudu, dudu, dudu, izikhwebu zihleli emthi womthiki," kwanamama omama namhlanje abhekiselele kwiintsana, bengayazi ngamanye amaxesha malunga nokuba abantu bazi ntoni ixesha elide. Isandi "y", simulating isandi somoya, siyanciphisa abantwana ngokugqibeleleyo. Oku kubonwa ngamakhulu eminyaka kudlula emlonyeni ukuya emlonyeni, kufumana iifom ezahlukeneyo.

Namhlanje zikhona ezinye, uhlobo oluthile "olutsha": amasela, isixeko, isiqhelo somfundi. Ezi zakhiwo zavela kunye nophuhliso loluntu. Abazange bafundwe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuphikisana ukuba olo hlobo (inqaku elithi "iifolk folklore" lugqithiseleyo, luyi-tautology), ndifuna ukuphawula ukuba ubuchule bomlomo baluphi na uhlanga lubonakaliswe yimpawu ezifanayo. Oku, okokuqala, ukungaziwa, ukuqokelela, ukuhluka, ukuhlaziywa.

Inkoliso ngamava abantu, ubulumko nolwazi, olufakwe kwiifom ezithile kunye neentlobo zemisebenzi yomlomo.