Umzabalazo Interspecies: ifomu kunye nentsingiselo

Yintoni ikukhathaza abantu? Shiya uze ugcine abantu amanani ethile asuse nabanye, leyo ngaphantsi ifanele ukusinda kweli hlabathi ngqwabalala. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ukhetho ngumntu , indima ebaluleke gqitha xa kuthatha umntu. Kodwa umsebenzi wethu namhlanje simazi nokukhetha zendalo, kunoko, sifunda ukuba umzabalazo ezinjalo interspecies.

Iimpawu eziluncedo ebantwini, ayisoloko kuyimfuneko yaye kubalulekile ukuba isilwanyana. Nature, kakhulu, unako ukusindisa ezinye iintlobo ezithile sizimisele. Le nkqubo waziwa elithi "ukhetho wemvelo", kwaye uyasokola interspecies - le yenye izixhobo zale nkqubo. Oko kukuthi, izilwanyana bakhuphisane ukutya, amanzi, umhlaba, njalo-njalo. Ngoko kukho yokuzivelela kwezinto eziphilayo, kuye kunyanzeleke ukuba ukuziqhelanisa kwezinye izinto, okanye shwaka nje ukusuka phezu komhlaba.

Darwin

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala elithi "lomzabalazo interspecific" seva ukusuka sisazinzulu omkhulu Charles Darwin. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba wayethetha ukuthini amazwi athi yena. Darwin wathetha kumzabalazo yobukho ngengqiqo elibanzi Nakuba. Kakade ke, iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo zixhomekeke ngqo kwi enye kwenye, kodwa ngamaxesha izidalwa yendlala aqale ukulwa ngenxa izibonelelo eziya kubavumela ukuba baphile baze bavelise inzala. Interspecies ukulwa kwenzeka phakathi kwabantu iintlobo ezahlukeneyo (umz, ingonyama kunye iqwarhashe, nehobe nondlunkulu). Kulo mzekelo yokuqala, ingonyama batye iqwarhashe ucimayo yokulamba kwabo, kule umzekelo wesibini, savelisa iintlobo ezimbini neentaka lwa ukutya kunye intsimi.

Kukho imizekelo kwihlabathi kwamanzi, kwakunye ukutya nommandla alwayo ezinye iindidi zeentlanzi. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu uloyiso - ukuzala. Abo iintlanzi ujungujungu ngamanani amakhulu, kungekudala emva koko uthathe indawo enye.

ukhuphiswano

yomzabalazo Interspecies ngenxa yobukho yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini:

• Competition.
• ukulwa ngqo.

Ifomu yokuqala ephambili, phakathi izinto eziphilileyo, leyo kakuhle iphembelela izinto zazivelela ntswela apha libonakalalisiwe. kumzabalazo Interspecies, oonobangela nabanako ukwahlulelana kukhuphiswano iimfuno ezifanayo ezizikhulelayo ukuhlangabezana njani kubo, kwaye yahlulwe:

• ukhuphiswano Trophic.
• Mlonyeni.
• Veliswa.

Uhlobo lokuqala eboniswa, ukuba izinto eziphilayo kunzima ukutya, ubushushu belanga, izondlo nokufuma. Ngokomzekelo, amarhamncwa ezidla kwintsimi enye, zikhuphisane omnye komnye, azivelele. Baye ingqiqo ebukhali ivumba, ukubona, ukwandisa isantya nokubaleka.

Uhlobo lwesibini liboniswe phakathi eziphilayo xa bathe bahlala kwindawo enye ekucaca ukuba imiba efana abiotic. Le mbono - esona sizathu siphambili ngokwenza sokutshintshwa kwamaphepha emibuzo ukulungiselela ukusinda ebugxwayibeni.

Zaleni interspecies umzabalazo kuqhelekile izityalo. Abo izinto ukutsala umbala kunye ivumba, bafumana ithuba elikhulu uvuvuzelo izinambuzane.

ukulwa ngqo

Ukuba, ngethuba lokhuphiswano eziphilayo bathi bangquzulane ngokungathanga ngqo, okt ngokusebenzisa zizinto zasemanzini okanye abiotic, umzabalazo ngqo komdlalo ezahlukeneyo ngqo ngabanye. Kukho ezi ndidi zilandelayo:

• Umlo nxamnye nemigibe zasemanzini.
• Umlo nxamnye nemigibe abiotic.

Uhlobo lokuqala ibandakanya kumzabalazo ukutya, kwaye kungenzeka yokuzala, ukuba nayo yahlulwe trophic kunye okuzala. Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha malunga nolwalamano phakathi kwezityalo kunye izilwanyana ezitya izityalo, amarhamncwa namaxhoba, njalo-njalo. Olu hlobo ixhaphake kakhulu interspecies somzabalazo intraspecific libekwe ngokohlobo mu. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo aqale bazikhusele ngoncedo enameva, amadlala bubuhlungu, ezifana. Izilwanyana yaphuhlisa iinkqubo zokhuselo (ebaleka, ingqwalasela enkulu kumba ivumba mavonelo, nokugcina ubomi ofihlakeleyo ...), kwaye xa sithetha ekulweni eziphilayo, amajoni omzimba uvelisa.

Uhlobo lwesibini ibonakala iintaka xa bathi bangquzulane evulekileyo kunye elinye ithuba lokuba iDorper kule ndawo kwaye avelise ukutya nakwinzala yabo.

Ngamanye amaxesha akukho lula ukumisela ukhuphiswano okanye ukulwa ngqo uchaphazelekayo. Umahluko phakathi kwala magama mabini ngokwenene kunzima kakhulu ukubamba. Kukho umahluko ongundoqo: xa ezikhuphisanayo izinto nzima ababambelele kwaye kumzabalazo ngqo ukuba baqonde omnye komnye.

Izilungiso ingcamango zikaDarwin

Siye kwakhona iintlobo omzabalazo interspecies, ezifakwe kwi entsonkothileyo lilonke kumzabalazo yobukho. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba Darwin usinike le nkqubo yoko, ebangwa ayiphikisani umnqweno yokuzala engenasiphelo kunye nezibonelelo kuphela. Kodwa izazinzulu ukufunda nethiyori elizayo, wenza ukulungiswa: umzabalazo hhayi kuphela indawo elinganiselwe okanye ukunqongophala kokutya, kodwa amarhamncwa nolaka.