Lokunyibilika iintsimbi

Ukunyibilika intsimbi - yinkqubo ethile thermodynamic apho metal yikristale emkhusaneni ibhuqiwe kwaye itshintsha ukususela kwisigaba okuqinileyo ukuya kulwelo.

lobushushu yokunyibilika metal - iqondo lobushushu candelo metal eshushu, oqala akuba lenqanam lenguqu (yokunyibilika). Inkqubo ngokwawo crystallization kwaye umva zinenjongo enxulumene kuyo. Ukuze zinyibilike metal? kufuneka kufudunyezwe usebenzisa nobushushu angaphandle lobushushu yokunyibilika kulo, uze emva koko kuqhubeka unikeze ubushushu ukoyisa amandla lenqanam lenguqu. Isibakala sokuba lobushushu ephuphumayo yokunyibilikisa isinyithi siyazilayita ibonisa amaqondo obushushu apho izinto ziya kuba kwisigaba kuvuselele kwi elilujongano phakathi ulwelo okuqinileyo. Kule lobushushu, intsimbi qwa khona ngaxeshanye zombini oluqinileyo kunye karhulumente engamanzi. Ukwenza inkqubo yokunyibilika i kuyimfuneko ukuba shushu ngokugqithisileyo intsimbi mkhulu kancinane ngaphezu lobushushu lizama ukunika isakhono entle thermodynamic. Nika uhlobo yokukhawulezisa umsebenzi.

lobushushu metal yokunyibilika njalo kuphela izinto ehlambulukileyo. Ukubakho ubumdaka ziya shift isakhono kuvuselele kwicala elinye okanye elinye. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubumdaka yentsimbi iifom crystal emkhusaneni ezahlukeneyo, kunye athom intsebenziswano mandla kubo uya kwahluka kwabo anokufumaneka materialah.V olunyulu kuxhomekeke ubukhulu lobushushu yokunyibilika intsimbi fusible yohlulwe (ukuya kwi-600 ° C, ezifana kaLayishe waseGalim , mercury), meltability eliphakathi (600-1600 ° C, ubhedu, i-aluminiyamu) eliphezulu-ukunyibilika (> 1600 ° C, Tungsten, kunye molybdenum).

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje zesinyithi ehlambulukileyo akuvamanga kusetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba babe uluhlu eliqingqiweyo iipropati emzimbeni. Industry uye eside kuthinteleke usebenzisa imixube ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi - ingxubevange, kunye neentlobo iimpawu mkhulu kakhulu. iintsimbi lokunyibilika webhunga aluminium ezahlukeneyo kuya kwahluka lobushushu yokunyibilika of ingxubevange. Eyahlukeneyo lamanani izinto ezibangela umyalelo ngokunyityilikiswa okanye crystallization. Nangona kunjalo, kukho uxinzelelo kuvuselele apho iintsimbi lilungu ingxubevange kunyibilika okanye ziyahlala ngexesha elinye, ngamanye aziphathe izinto eyohlobo olulodwa. aluminiyamu ezinjalo kuthiwa eutectic.

Ukwazi lobushushu yokunyibilika ke kubaluleke kakhulu xa usebenza metal, eli xabiso efunekayo kokubini parameters zemveliso yokubala aluminium kunye neemveliso metal ngexesha ukusebenza xa amaqondo obushushu lenqanam lenguqu kweencwadi imveliso yenziwa apho, simisela ezifika ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Ukunenzela lula, aba zishwankathelwe olulodwa itafile. Itheyibhile iintsimbi kwawe - kuyondelelaniswe ngenxa yophando ebonakalayo mpawu ezahlukeneyo zesinyithi. Kukho kwakhona iitafile kunye aluminium efanayo. Ukunyibilika point metal ixhomekeke kakhulu kwi xi, ngoko ke iitheyibhile zedatha efanelekileyo ixabiso xi ethile (idla imeko eqhelekileyo xa xi 101,325 kPa). Ukuba uphakamile lo nengcinezelo, ubushushu ukunyibilika ephakamileyo, yaye vice versa.