Hero City Brest: inkcazelo kunye nesithombe

Ngokwesi sicwangciso se-German invaders, i-hero-city hero Brest kufuneka ithatyathwe kwimizuzu yokuqala yokusebenza kwempi. Olu hlalutyo lwalukho kumhlaba, apho ukuhlaselwa okukhulu kwemikhosi, eyayibizwa ngokuba yi "Centre", yayilungiselelwe.

Malunga nelali namhlanje

Isixeko saseBrest sisehlangothini lwentshona-ntshona yeBelarus, liziko lolawulo lommandla. Indawo epheleleyo yesixeko namhlanje i 146 km². Ngokwe-2016, abemi balo malunga nabantu abangama-340waka.

I-West Bug ne-Mukhovets zidlula kwindawo yokuhlala. Umda wePoland. Kukho inqanawa enkulu yomzila wesitimela kunye nomlambo, kunye nezothutho zendlela.

I-settlement ebizwa ngokuba nomnxeba unembali yasendulo neyityebi. Ukuqala kokukhankanywa kwayo kubhalwe kwingxelo kaNovegorod yokuqala kwaye ibuyela kumnyaka we-1017. Ukuba sithembele kule data, ngoko iBrest ingaqwalaselwa njengesixeko sesihlanu saseBelarus ngokulandelana kwemfundo.

Isixeko sasendulo sasisoloko sitshabalaliswa size sakhiwe kwakhona, sidlula kwizandla zabanye abalawuli kwabanye, ngokusobala, iphoso laliyindawo yalo. Ngoku itholakala kwintsimi phakathi kwe-Eurasian neYurophu.

Emlilweni wemfazwe

Ewe, uzuko olukhethekileyo lwale ntsimi luqhotyoshelwe kwiqhawe lomkhosi, owalwa apha ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Xa amaJamani ahlasela i-hero-city Brest ngoJuni 22, 1941, malunga nama-7-8 amawaka ama-Soviet asezindaweni. Kanye nomkhosi wahlala khona malunga neentsapho ezingama-300.

Ngenxa yokuba imikhosi yayingekho kwindawo yokulungela ukulwa, imida emngceleni yayikhululekile. Kwaye kwimizuzu yokuqala yokulwa nale ndawo yayibhoxiswa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye yaxoshwa kwiindawo zokufakelwa kwezixhobo.

Umda waba yindawo yokulwa negazi, kwakunye nenqaba ngokwayo. Amajoni e-hero-city Brest agxotha ukuhlaselwa kweCandelo le-Infantry le-45, elidlulayo kubo kwinombolo-lalinama-17 ama-officers namajoni amawaka angama-17. Ngeyure, iinqwelo zokulwa zahlasela iinqaba. Ngenxa yalo kunye nemililo elandeleleneyo, inxalenye yezinto kunye nezinto ezininzi zokugcina iimpahla zatshatyalaliswa kwaye zatshatyalaliswa, inkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamanzi yaphela ukusebenza, kwaye ngaphandle koko, ukuxhumeka kwehlulekile.

Ukulwa okungafaniyo

Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kuboniswa ngumgcini wabalindi bemida kwindawo yaseTerespol, kunye nama-cadets namasosha ase-Red Army. Ngomhla kaJuni 22, 1941, ukuqhutyelwa okuphawulekayo kwenziwa kwinqaba yaseKobrin naseVolyn, ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abasebenzi bakwazi ukuphuma, bathathe iidonki kunye namathangi.

Baye kwiiyunithi zabo ukuze baphumele amajoni abalimele. Ngaloo xesha, i-hero-city hero Brest yayiyindawo yokuhlala yamajoni amawaka amane. Ibutho leentshaba lidlula ngaphezu kwe-10, ngoko ke amaJamani ayenako ukukwazi ukuzungezela inqaba.

Khuselo

Kucacile ukuba kutheni iBrest ibizwa ngokuba yiqhawe leedolophu xa ufumanisa ukuba luphi uhlobo loxinzelelo olujongene naloo mkhosi wendawo. Emva kwakho konke, ngokwesi sicwangciso samaJamani, ukuhlaselwa okuqhutywe yiiyunithi eziphambili zeCandelo lama-45 kwakungathatha iiyure ezingaphezu kwama-12, kodwa amajoni aseSoviet awavumelanga ukunikela inqaba ngokulula.

Ephantse kumasango eKhomsmsk, ibhetari ye-3 kunye nabasebenzi beebhilidi zaqala ukuchasana notshaba. Igosa lobunjineli kunye neqhankqalazo lezonxibelelwano limele ukukhusela. Ukuhlaselwa kweBayonet kwenziwa, ngenxa yokuba i-hero Bros yayimile. Kwaye ngasecaleni kweTerespol isango lamaNazi kwakumlilo okhuni lwabakhuseli beendawo zokuhlala.

Ukulwa ukugqibela

Ngesinye isikhathi inqaba yonke yayivutha ngamandla. AmaJamani ahambisa izisongelo kunye nemiyalelo yokuzinikela ngeendlela zonxibelelwano zerediyo. Kwaye amajoni asekuhlaleni athumela iiPalamente, kodwa ukuchasana akuzange kubenze buthathaka, kwaye iqhawe le-city iBrest laqhubeka likhusela inkululeko.

Umxholo omfutshane kweli bali ungabonakala ungamangalisa, kodwa abakhuseli benqaba banenako ukuyenza into engenakwenzeka. Iindandatho ezikhuselayo ezinokuba ubude beekhilomitha ezi-2, eziqukethe ibhanti yeenqanawa, zadalwa. Ukuqhubhisa ibhomu, ukuhlaselwa kwiintshaba kunye nokuqhoqhoqhela akuzange kumise.

I-feat of patriots

Ukususela ngoJuni 23, ukuhlaselwa kuye kwafika ukushisa, imfazwe iye yafudula kwaye yanyuka. Umyalelo waseJamani awulindelanga ukuphendula okunjalo. Kwisixhobo ngasinye samaNazi adibana namaqhawe aseBrest, aphikisayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwakufuneka babonise ukuzinikezela okunjalo, ngenxa yoko, ngenxa yoko, ukuhlaziywa kunye nokwenza izixeko ezinzima.

Iinqaba zeHero iBrest yaba yindawo apho kungekhona nje impi, kodwa nabasebenzi bezonyango balwela ukugqitywa. Kodwa ngoJuni 23 amaNazi aphumelele ukubamba abantwana, abalimele, oogqirha kunye nezigulane, ngenxa yokuba bakwazi ukudala umqobo wokuphila.

Abakhiqizi baya kwiSango leKholmsk, belandelwa ngabahlaseli. Kwaye amajoni amemeza athi amasoldati ecaleni lawo aya kudubula, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni.

Ekupheleni kweveki i-defense ephambili yayiza kutshabalalisa iinqaba.

Uloyiso lwabakhuseli

Kwakukho inani elikhulu leemfazwe, ngenxa yoko ukukhusela kwahlulwa ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo, ephethe ilahleko ezinzima. Kuze kube ngo-Juni 12, ukuqhubeka nokuchaswa kweqela elincinci lempi, elikhokelwa nguGavrilov.

Xa amajoni akwazi ukuphunyuka esuka kwinqaba ngaphesheya kwe-shaft, umphathi-nqununu kunye nonobhala we-Komsomol bureau, umfundisi wezopolitiko uDerevyanko, waba ngamabanjwa aseJamani. Nangona kunjalo, amasosha asekuhlaleni aqhubeka nokuzivikela, okwenza ukuba inzala ehloniphekileyo iqonde ukuba kutheni iBrest idorobho.

Kukho iingcamango malunga neentsuku zokugqibela zemfazwe. Kwiindonga zenkqantosi kusenokwenzeka ukufumana imibhalo ebhaliwe ngumkhosi. Intshaba ayizange ikwazi ukuthatha nayiphi na ibhanki yesixeko. AmaJamani ahlaselwa yinto enokuzinzileyo nokubonakalisa ubuqhawe. Umthumeli, ngokubanzi kwi-45th Infantry Division, wabhalela umlawuli wamanqanaba aphakamileyo ngoJulayi, apho wathi amajoni aseRussia aqhubekayo kwaye aphikelela kumzabalazo, wabonisa ubuchule obuhle bokulwa (isizathu sokuba iBrest idorobho). Ngokufutshane ngokuchaza iziganeko ngale ndlela, umlawuli wamaHitler waqaphela isibindi nokuthanda ubutshaba.

Uzuko nozuko

Kufanelekile ukukholelwa ukuba ngenxa yemizekelo enjalo, iSoviet Union yanqoba imfazwe. Ukuzimela kwelizwe lomthonyama kwakhuselwa, nangona kwindleko ephezulu kakhulu. Ubungqina obukhulu buhlala buhlangene kwaye bungaqhekeki.

Ekukhuseleni iinqaba, ngendlela, abameli bamazwe angama-30 ahlukeneyo bathatha inxaxheba, abenza njengomnye kwaye abazange bayeke umsebenzi wabo. I-feat yabo ingabizwa ngokuba yimpumelelo enkulu eyenziwa ngabantu baseSoviet ngexesha leMfazwe Enkulu yamaPatriotic. Olu buqhawe laluxabiswa ngabaphathi.

ULieutenant Kizhevatov kunye noMajer Gavrilov banikezelwa ngogorha kunye nesibindi. Amagcisa kunye nemiyalelo yanikezelwa ngamagxamesi amabini amabini. Kwaye ngoMeyi 8 ngo-1965 inqaba yafumana isihloko esithi "Hero City". UBrest, isithombe sakhe onokuyibona kwinqaku, ibonisa ukuba nangamashumi eminyaka kamva kuqhuba ukuhlonipha kwaye ngumzekelo wamandla. Ukugqithisa ngakumbi kukukhutshwa xa ufunda ngakumbi malunga neziganeko eziqhelekileyo ezenzeke apha.

Ngethuba lokuhlala, ama-fascist abulala abantu abangama-40 000, kwaye uqoqosho lwelizwe lwaluphelile. Ukuxhatshazwa kwabahlali kwaphela ngowe-1944, xa amasosha e-front of Belarus avela kuloo mzi.

Imemori engunaphakade

Amabali asetyenziswa ngamajoni aseSoviet adluliselwa ukusuka kwesinye isizukulwana ukuya kwesinye, kwaye nanamhla abemi baseBrest baqhayise ngezenzo zobuqhawe bootatomkhulu. Le ndawo yayiyindawo yokuqala kuyo yonke imizi yaseSoviet Union, apho amaJamani ayethumela imikhosi yawo, kodwa abakhuseli bakhe babonisa ukuchasana nokubonakalisa ukunyanzelisa, ukunyanzelisa intshaba ukuba ihlasele ngamandla akhe amandla. Nangona kungabikho koqeqesho kunye nesilumkiso, amajoni akwazi ukukhusela umzi kwaye awukhusele ekuhlaseleni intshaba.

Ukuze kukhunjulwe amaxhoba, ngoSeptemba 25, 1971, isikhumbuzo savulelwa ngenhlonipho yoPhulo oluMkhulu, apho amajoni aphumelele, ukuvikela iBrest. Kanye apha, unokwazi ukubheka i-necropolis kunye namathathu amathathu. Ingcwatyelwa ingqonge yamasosha angamakhulu asibhozo anesibindi avikela iziindonga zesixeko.

Ukongezelela, kwakhiwa isakhiwo esibizwa ngokuba "sesithathu", esiyisikhumbuzo sezinto ezibuhlungu ukuba amajoni kufuneka ayenze xa behlulwa ithuba lokuhambisa kwisixeko kwaye bephelelwe amandla ngenxa yokungabikho kwamanzi.

Ukufikelela kumlambo kwakuvinjiwe, oko kwakunzima kuphela kwiimeko. Ngako oko, isikhumbuzo esibizwa ngokuba ngumntu olwa nesigorha esiya kwiibhanki zomlambo, ephethe isigqoko ezandleni zakhe. Emva kancinane, ngo-1992, kwisakhelo salesi sikhumbuzo, i-museum yavulwa ngokuzikhethela ukulwa nemikhosi kumajoni omkhosi womoya.