Umfula iTvertsa, iTver Oblast: inkcazo, ifoto

Ephuma kwiVolga kwindawo yedolophu yaseRussia eyaziwayo yaseTver, i-backbutton yayo yekhohlo ibizwa ngokuba yiTvertsa. Ukususela kwixesha elidlulileyo, uMlambo waseTvertsa uye wabakhonza abantu: kwakuyingxenye eqinileyo yembali yamanzi ukusuka kwiVolga ukuya echwebeni eliqhelekileyo i-Ilmen, ukusuka apho ukuya eVeliky Novgorod, kwaye emva kwexesha le-18 leminyaka, ngokuzalwa komlambo wase-Vyshnevolotskaya, kwisikhululo esisenyakatho saseRashiya UBukhosi.

Ngalo mgwaqo wamanzi, igama layo elithakazelisayo kunye nendlela esichazwa ngayo.

Imvelaphi yegama lomlambo waseTvertsa

Izazinzulu kunye neengxelo-mlando zihlala zingenalo uluvo olufanayo malunga nokuvela kweli gama linomdla kakhulu. Ndiyabulela ngubani obizwa ngokuba yiTvertsa River, ukusuka ngeliphi ulwimi elulona igama? Kukho iinguqulelo ezininzi: i-Slavic, isiPolish, iFinnno-Ugric kunye neLithuania, ngokwemiqathango yesiFinnish tiori ("ngokukhawuleza"), isiSlavic "isiqhingi", isiPolish twierdza ("iinqaba") okanye i-Lithuanian tvora ("ucingo") sisisiseko salo gama eliqaqambileyo, .

Mhlawumbi, onke amagama adwelisweyo ahlelekile kwinqanaba elithile, ekubeni abantu bahlala "kwindawo eshushu" eyenziwa emlonyeni woMlambo iTvertsa kwixesha elidlulayo - okokuqala izizwe zaseFinnno-Ugric, ngoko ke amaSlav, kunye nawo wonke umlambo wawunyanzelekile, wakhonza njengokhuseleko kunye nenkxaso, Ukutya nokugqoka. Asiyi kujonga iingcambu zonyani zeli gama, siqaphela ukuba akunakwenzeka, siya kuthatha nje njengesiseko apho umlambo wamandulo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba wabizwa njani, kwimihla ngemihla kwazala ubomi bonke abahlala kwiindawo zabo.

Isici

Imithombo yokuqala yalomlambo, ekhoyo namhlanje kwimimandla edumileyo iVyshny Volochok, sele idlulelwe ngempumelelo.

Endaweni yabo, iindawo ezininzi zedolophu zengxowanamhlanje zikhule. Ephezulu ifikelela kumlambo ixhunyiwe ngumsele onomlambo waseTsna. Ubungakanani bomlambo bunomdla kakhulu - malunga ne-188 km, kunye nommandla - ngaphezulu kwama-6,5 eekhilomitha ezili-square. Km. Kwiibhanki zolulela imizi yaseRashiya yasendulo yaseTver, iTorzhok.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeTvertsy:

• Ikhohlo - i-Osechenka, i-Tigma, i-Tigma encinane, i-Logovezh, i-Malitsa, i-Kava, i-Shchegra;
• Ekunene - Osuga (enkulu), eSominka.

Hydrography

Kwinqanaba eliphezulu lifikelela emlanjeni lomlambo. Ifikelela kuma-180-mita ububanzi. I-Torzhok engaphantsi kwinqanaba elingaphakathi komlambo omkhulu kwi-floodplain, ifikelela kuma-80 m. Ukuphakama kweebhanki apha kungama-20-25 m. Kwaye kwinqanaba elingaphantsi kwintlambo liya kuphinda liye kwi-300 m kwaye lidibanise kwi-terrace. Ububanzi bomzila walo ngu-30-50 m, kwaye kwindawo yokugcinwa ifikelela kuma-80.

Umlambo waseTvertsa udume ngokubanzi lwawo maphahla, ubunzulu bawo buhluka phakathi kwe-1.5-4.5 m. Kukho ezininzi ezinqumlayo-ezincinane kunye ezikhazimulayo phantsi kwelanga elikhanyayo, ukufudumala kwamanzi e-crystal. Ukususela emlonyeni weVolga isula i-kilometer e-khilomitha emva kwamanzi.

Umbhede womlambo uzele i-rapids. Abemi bomthonyama bezo ndawo, abavakhenkethi, abadlali bezemidlalo kunye nabalandeli bomlambo be-rafting kwi-kayaks baqhelana namagama abo -Los, Babiy, Prutensky, Yamskaya, njl. Kodwa abahambahambayo banandipha indawo ekhethekileyo kwindawo yase-Osechenka - isitimela seTver - Bologoye. Ziyabonwa njengezona zinto zilungele ukuqala kwe-alloy. Ewe, kwaye umgama ukusuka kwindawo yokuma isitimela ukuya emlanjaneni ungancinci - akukho ngaphezu kweekhilomitha.

I-Tvertsa ivula xa ilanga liqala ukufudumala emoyeni-ekuqaleni kuka-Epreli. Ukuhamba kweqhwa elifutshane kuqhubeka iintsuku ezingama-3-4, kwaye umkhukula unokuthukuthela inyanga nesigamu. Umlambo uphuma, uqiniswe yimvula, ekupheleni kukaNovemba.

Ukutya umlambo

Ekubeni iTvertsu igcwele ngamanzi e-Vyshnevolotsky yokugcina, eyenziwe yimifula Tsna neShlina, isuka kumthombo wamanzi aphantsi. La manzi aqikelele isiqingatha sezinto ezingenayo, 30-35% banike amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye ne-15-20% - imvula.

Ukufumana ukutya okuphambili kwindlela yaseVyshnevolotskaya, ngokulawulwa ngamanzi ngamadama, uMlambo waseTvertsa (iTver Region) ngamanye amaxesha uyazixabisa.

Iimpawu zendlela

Umlambo ugeleza kwiibhanki eziphakamileyo, ezidumiwe ngamahlathi anamanzi-axutywe kunye ne-coniferous. Iibhanki ezingaphezulu ezivulekileyo eziphezulu zifika: apha, kwimithombo, ububanzi besiteshi bu malunga ne-15 m, ubunzulu buyi-1 m, kwezinye iindawo ziphakame amatye amakhulu. Emva kwedolophana ye-White Whirlpool, umlambo iTvertsa uphendukela ngokusempumalanga, ukwandisa ishaneli ukuya kuma-30 m kwaye ube yinto encinci. Kule ndawo, ukugqithisa kunye neenkoliso ezininzi ukusuka kumandulo, esele ichithe amadama (umzekelo, kufuphi nedolophana yaseBabier) ayinqabile.

I-Vydropuzhsky iqala i-stretch-kilometer engama-kilometer emitha emlambo. Iibhanki zilapha ziphezulu, ziphezulu. Ziyintle ephakamileyo yehlathi kunye namahlathi ase-spruce. Ezi ndawo zinqatshelwe - akukho ndawo yokuhlala, kwaye oku kuyachaphazela imeko yamaphecana ehlathi. Oku kuqhubeka emlonyeni womlambo weTvertsa - uMlambo waseOsugi, ngokufika kwamanzi okwandisa ubuncinane beTvertsi (ukuya kwi-1.5 m) kunye nobubanzi bawo (40 m).

Emva kokuwa koMlambo i-Osugi, kwaye emva koko uMlambo iStratra, uMlambo iTvertsa uqokelela amandla, uhlale ukhululekile (ukuya kuma-80 m kwisitishi) kwaye unzulu (ukuya kwi-2 m). Nangona kunjalo, kule ndawo kwiindawo ezinobuthakathaka kukho iindawo zamatye aneempawu ezibonakalayo, ezavela kwixesha elidlulileyo, ezilethwe yi-glacier. I-roll enkulu kunazo zonke ezinobunxantyambo obutyebileyo, okwangoku okhoyo kwaye ubuncinane ubuncinane be-20 cm bufumaneka ePutni. Apha iTverts ihamba phakathi kweenduli ezikhangayo ze-moraine, ekhuphuka ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Ihlathi liyanyamalala kwiibhanki ngaphantsi kwePrutni kunye neMitin. Bahlala njengaye ukuya eTorzhok. Apha, umlambo uba nobubanzi (ukuya kwi-90 m), kodwa ubunzulu apha abukho mkhulu: ekufikeni kufinyelele kwiimitha ezimbini, kunye neengxokolo zemingcele - kuphela ukuya kwisiqingatha. Emva kwedolophana yee-Spas, apho umlambo, ujika, ujika kwi-direction-south-west, iibhanki ziphinde zihlanganiswe kunye neziqhamo ezigqwesileyo. Apha, phakathi kwepine pines kunye ne-firs ubudala ubudala, kukho ezininzi iikona ezikhangayo, elidlulileyo elikhethwe ngabakhenkethi nabalobi.

Ngaphantsi kwidolophana yaseCopper Forest, ziphela ziphela. Apha amacandelo afumana ifomu ehluke ngokupheleleyo - iba yintsipho. Umlambo ugcwele kwiiqithi ezininzi kunye nobunzima, ububanzi bomlambo bugcinwe kwi-75 m kwaye ubunzulu bube yi-1.5 m. Kulolu lucalulo lwendlela intlambo iphakanyiswa ngokucacileyo, kwaye kunye neenxweme zihleli iidolophana. Eli candelo leMlambo ligeleza ngeTver, kwaye ke luya ku-Volga.

Iingcali zezinto zakudala

Kwiibhanki zabantu baseTver baye bahlala ixesha elide, ngenxa yeendawo eziphambili zomlambo. Namhlanje, iziza ezithengiswayo zize zivule ngokuqhubekayo : ii -site zakudala, iindawo zokuhlala kunye neenduli.

Ezi ndawo ezikhethiweyo azikaze zihlolisiswe ngokupheleleyo ngabaososayensi, kwaye ngubani owaziyo ukuba zifumanaphi iindlela zokufumanisa i-Tverts River namanxweme. Iifoto zomlambo kunye neendawo ezikufutshane ziqinisekisa oku. Ukongezelela kwifa elihle kakhulu lezinto zakudala ze-Arverological of Tverts kwabaninzi - nje indawo yokuthanda ukuphumla kunye nokuloba. Kufanelekile ukukhankanya izikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo zakhiwo zaseRashiya zasendulo: zikho iindwendwe ezininzi kunye neecawa kwiTver.

Tvertsa Umlambo: ukuloba

Inzala enkulu kubadobi imelwa yinqanaba eliphezulu nelingaphakathi komlambo. Ngokukodwa ophakathi, apho i-Tigmensky beaver igcina khona. Kodwa abathandi bokubamba isitika akudingeki ukuba bashiye iTver: abadobi beedolophu abasaziwayo bathi ukuqala kweentsuku ezifudumeleyo le ntlanzi ibetha kwi-bloodworm ngokugqibeleleyo.