Umculi uGustave Moreau: ubugcisa, ubugcisa

Yintoni esiyayazi malunga nabaculi bekhulu le-19? Amagama aphezulu ayavawa ngabantu bonke, kodwa kukho abo bahlala bengaziwa kwihlabathi. Ngamnye waba negalelo kwizobugcisa kunye nezixhobo zakhe. Umculi uGustave Moreau wayengomnye walabo abaye baba ngumbononongo obalaseleyo, ufanelekile ukuthatha indawo yakhe apho.

Ulutsha

Umfuziselo waseFransi wazalelwa eParis ngekhulu le-19. Wayeqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubani owayefuna ukuba, kwaye ngoko ixesha elide wafunda esikolweni sobugcisa obuhle. Sekude ebusheni ulwalathiso kwimisebenzi yakhe lwabonakala: iBhayibhile. Wadala imizobo kwizinto eziyimfihlakalo, ngoko umsebenzi wakhe usenomdla kwaye uphethe into eyimfihlelo kunye nengqiqo.

Emva kwesikolo, uGustave Moreau unquma ukungena esikolweni. Ngombulelo kuyise, wakwazi ukuhlala eLouvre xa wayefuna, kwaye asebenze apho, ephefumlelwe ngumbono wobugcisa behlabathi. Ngo-1848, i-Moreau ithathe inxaxheba kwiintambo ze-Grand Prix. Zomibini iinzame zazingaphumeleli, kwaye umdwebi uphume kwi-academy.

Ukuze baphefumulelwe, abaculi abakhulu beli-19 leminyaka babethanda ukuhamba ukukhangela iimyuziyam. UMoreau waya eItali kabini. Ngeli xesha, wakwazi ukufikelela kuzo zonke iindawo ezihle kakhulu zeli lizwe: Venice, Florence, Rome, Naples. Ngaphandle kwendawo yokwakha engavamile yeso sihlandlo, apha wafunda i-Renaissance kunye nabalobi abadumileyo bexesha.

Sebenza kunye nelizwe

Ukongeza kwinto yokuba uGustave Moreau, odwetshiwe sele sele uphumelele, esebenze kwimpumelelo yakhe, wagcwalisa umyalelo welizwe. Umsebenzi wakhe kwakukudala ukukhuphela ikopi enkulu yeCracracci. Ukudala kwakumnandi kuwo wonke umntu, kwaye wanikwa enye i-oda yokukopisha, kodwa uMoro wayeka, ethi wayefuna ukuthenga imisebenzi yakhe, kungekho ikopi yabalingane. Emva kwenkcazo enjalo, uGustave wayala ukuba enze i-toilevas yakhe.

Isigaba esitsha sokudala

Isigaba esitsha saqala ngokuthengwa kwezindlu. Uyise wayemthanda kakhulu unyana wakhe, ngoko ngo-1852 wamthengela indlu ye-chic. Ukusuka kwiifestile kwakubonwa isiteshi saseSaint-Lazare, umlambo waseSeine wawusondele . UM Moro waphendula ngokukhawuleza kwenye yeepansi ukuze akhe indawo yokudala yakhe kwaye aqale ukusebenza. Indlu yendlu ye-chic yamnceda kwaye yaphefumlela. UGustave wayehlala kwiimeko ezintle, ukuzalisekisa imiyalelo kaRhulumente. Ekuqaleni waqala ukungena kwiingqungquthela zabaculi abadumileyo.

Ngeli xesha, wafunda ngokukhulelwa kwentombi yakhe, owayehlala eRoma. Umdwebi wenza isigqibo sokushiya ihlwempu. Ngaloo myalelo unina wavuma, wayekholelwa ukuba umtshato kunye nomntwana omncinci uya kutshabalalisa umsebenzi wexesha elizayo. Olu hambo lwaseItali lithatha iminyaka emininzi. Abazali bakaGustav nabo beza apha, banquma ukuhamba nomculi ekuhambeni kwakhe. E-Italy, waphefumulelwa nguBotelli, uLeonardo da Vinci, uKrivelli kunye nabanye abaculi abakhulu. Ngoko ke, wabuyisela imidwebo yasekhaya kunye nemizobo eyenziwe ngokulungelelaniswa, ehlanganiswe nombala wase-Italy.

Uthando olukhawulezileyo kunye nempumelelo

Emva kokubuyela kwisikhululo saseFransi, u-Moreau uqala ukusebenza kwindlu yakhe, ngamanye amaxesha uvakashele abahlobo. Ngenye yezi zihlwa, wathetha no-Alexandrin Duro. Uthando olukhawulezileyo lukhula lube lukhwenkqo olukhulu, kodwa iimvakalelo zabathandi zifihla.

Ukufa kukayise ngowe-1862 kwathintela umculi, kwaye ngentlungu yakhe wagqiba ekubeni azinikele kwizobugcisa kunye nemfundo. Amakherries kaMoro ayimfuneko, kwaye iya kuba yintandokazi eParis kunye nangaphezulu. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-60 uGustave waba yinhloko yejaji yeGrand Prix, apho wahlulwa kabini ebusheni bakhe. Ephakathi kweminyaka yama-70, umdwebi wanikwa ibhaso eliphezulu leFransi-iMyalelo yeLegion of Honor.

Ubuchule bokushona kwelanga

Ngo-1884, uGustave walahlekelwa ngumama. Esi siganeko esibuhlungu asizange simvumele ukuba azinzile, kwaye ezintandathu ezintandathu wayengeke asebenze ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona ndiyazi ngokwam kunye nobudala bam. UGustave udla ngokuphindaphindiweyo eParis, uhamba waya kwamanye amazwe, ehamba noAlexandrin wakhe othandekayo. Sekude ngo-1888 waba lilungu le-Academy of Fine Arts, kwaye emva kweminyaka emithathu waba nguprofesa kwi-School of Art yaseParis.

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1890 uAlexandrin wafa, iminyaka emihlanu kamva uGustave wagqiba umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu "Jupiter noSemele" kwaye unquma ukulungiselela umyuziyam endlwini yakhe. Umculi wasweleka ngo-1898, wangcwatshwa emangcwabeni eMontmartre, kwindawo ethile yokuphumla kwakhe uAlexandrin Duro.

IMyuziyam

Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe uGustave Moreau, onobomi bakhe ocebileyo kwaye oqaqambileyo, washiya isixeko kunye nemisebenzi yakhe kunye nepropati. Umdwebi wayenako ukugcina iqoqo yemifanekiso yakhe kunye nemifanekiso, naye waqokelela imisebenzi yabaculi abakhulu, abaqingqiweyo, ifenitshala engabonakaliyo kunye nezinye izinto ezivela kwikhulu le-19.

I-Museum yaseGustave Moreau iye ngoku ibe yindawo eqhelekileyo eParis. Nangona umdwebi wayengenakukwazi ukuguqulela iimbono zakhe ngokunyanisekileyo, iHolo leSixeko saseParis linyamekela ilifa layo. Esi sixeko senze umyuzi-mnqamlezo ongaqhelekanga, apho ngoku iqoqo elipheleleyo kakhulu lemizobo ngumculi waseFransi.

Le "paradesi yiparadesi" ithatha ezimbini. Ngokuqala - zonke iindonga zixhonywe ngemisebenzi nguMoreau. Ukunceda abaqhelanisi bezobugcisa bexesha elizayo uGustave wenza iinkcazelo zemizobo, kwimyuziyamu ezi manqaku zaguqulelwa kwisiNgesi ngokunjalo. Ukongezelela, phakathi kwemisebenzi egqityiweyo kwi-easels yiyo loo mculi oshiye engagqitywanga.

Umgangatho wesibini uzele iqoqo lezinto zokudweba ngamanye amagcisa, kunye nemifanekiso, ifenisha ye-antitique - yonke into eyenziwa nguGustave Moreau. Okwangoku, idlulela kumyuziyam indlu ibiza ama-euro angama-6 kubantu abadala, kwaye abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 bayamkelwa mahala.

Imizobo

Phakathi kwemifanekiso eyenziwa ngumdwebi emva kokuba ngokwakhe, kwaziwa kuwo wonke umntu. Omnye wabo "nguJupiter noSemele," ebhaliwe iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokufa komculi. Kule ngxowa iboniswa ngamanani allegorical anento ebalulekileyo: Ukufa, Ukuhlupheka, Ubusuku, njl.

Isiqendu sonke sigcwele izityalo ezingaqhelekanga, izisombululo ezintle zokwakha kunye neziqingqiweyo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umculi ubonisa yonke le mininzi yemifanekiso kunye neengcamango, kuba kunzima kumbukeli ukuba azibonele ngokuzimela bonke abalinganiswa. Ingqungquthela kaSemele kwinqanawa ithola intsingiselo ethile kunye nemfihlelo.

Ukuhlalutya ubugcisa bukaGustave, kuyacaca ukuba umnqweno "wobukhulu obuyimfuneko." Umdwebi uthi unokuthi sihlawule ingqalelo kwii-masters zangaphambili, ezingasifundisi ubugcisa obuhlwempuzekileyo. Abadlali bexesha elidlulileyo bazama ukubonisa kwiindawo zabo zokurhoxisa kuphela, ezinqabileyo kwaye ezinqabileyo ezazisetyenziswa ngexesha labo. Izambatho, eziboniswa kwimisebenzi yazo, ubucwebe, izinto - konke oku kwamkelwa kunye ne-Moreau.

Esinye isithombe esithandwayo sikaGustave yi "Phenomenon", eyadala ngo-1876. Njengabanye abaninzi, iqulethe isakhiwo senkolo, kwimeko-yeVangeli. Inqanawa i malunga noSalome, odlala phambi kukaHerode, emva kwentloko kaYohane uMbhaptizi. Ngeli xesha ngaphambi kokuba uSalome abe yinhloko kaYohane, akhiqize ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu.