Umculi uBasst Lev Samoilovich: ubugcisa, ubugcisa

I-Bakst Lion i-Byelorussia evela kwimvelaphi, isiRashiya emoyeni, ehlala iminyaka emininzi eFransi, eyaziwayo kwimbali njengomculi obalaseleyo waseRussia, umyili wezemidlalo, umqambi wesigaba. Umsebenzi wakhe ulindele ukutyekela kwexesha lama-20 leminyaka yobugcisa, idibanisa iimpawu zengqondo, i-modernism kunye nesimboli. I-Bakst - enye yeengcali ezenziwe yintando kunye necatshulwa yaseRussia ekupheleni kwekhulu, yayinempembelelo enamandla kungekuphela kwintsapho, kodwa nakwinkcubeko yehlabathi.

Usapho kunye nobuntwana

U-Bakst Lev Samoilovich wazalwa ngo-1866 kwintsapho yamaJuda yase-Belarusian yaseGrodno. Intsapho yayinkulu, kunye neziseko zobuphathiswa. Uyise wayengumcebisi weTalimmu, naye wayesebenza ngorhwebo, ingeniso yakhe yayingaphantsi, ngoko unyana wakhe wayedla ngoyise wakhe ePetersburg. Wayenotyebi ngokwaneleyo, wayeyindoda ehambelana nemfashini, wayethanda ubomi bezentlalo kunye noluntu, wahola indlela yokuphila yaseParis, eyayithanda kakhulu umzukulu wakhe. Wayeyindoda enkulu yecateral ander ceed for this passion for Leo. Kukuhlonipha ukhulu wakhe ukuba le nsizwa ithatha isibongo seBakst, iyancitshisa kancane, endaweni yayo-Rosenberg, eyayingabonakali kuyo yonke imbongo. Ngomntwana wakhe, umculi wexesha elizayo wayethanda ukudlala phambi koogqirha beentlobano zomsebenzi wakhe, le nkwenkwe yayinomdla obundlobongela kunye nokuzimela ngokubonakalayo.

Ukufunda nokufunda

Xa wayeneminyaka eyi-12 wancincizela ukhuphiswano lomfanekiso ogqwesileyo we-A. Zhukovsky kwi-gymnasium. I-Bakst Lion iphupha ngokupenda, kodwa uyise akazange aqonde umsebenzi onobuqili ebomini njengomdwebo, kwaye ixesha elide le nkwenkwe yayifanele ibenze ngasese ngasese. Njengengxabano yokugqibela, uyise wagqiba ukucela icebiso kumfanekiso wemifanekiso uMark Antokolsky, imifanekiso yomdwebo wexesha elizayo yathunyelwa eParis. Yaye xa ifunyenwe impendulo, ukuba kwimisebenzi italenta yombhali ibonakala ngokucacileyo, uyise uzinikezele.

Ngowe-1883 umfana othile wangena eSt. Petersburg Academy of Arts njengomphicothi-zincwadi . U-Lev Bakst, onokuzibandakanya ngonaphakade ubugcisa bakhe, ufundiswe kunye nootitshala abafana noChrisyakov, Asknazia, Wenig, wabonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kwiminyaka emine. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokulahlekelwa ngumncintiswano we-Academy ngemali yesilivere, le nsizwa ishiya isikolo. Umsebenzi wakhe wasuswa kwiluhlu lwabathathi-nxaxheba ngenxa yokuba bonke abalinganiswa abasemfanekisweni weBhayibhile babenempawu zamaYuda. Lo mculi akakwazanga ukuma. Izakhono zomdwebo wezemfundo, ezifunyenweyo kwi-academy, ziya kuba luncedo kuye kwikamva.

Ukukhangela indlela yobugcisa

Ukushiya izifundo zakhe, u-Bakst Leo uphoqeleka ukuba afune imali, uyise wafa, kwaye wayefuna ukukunceda intsapho, eyayiqulethe umkhulu wakhe. Uncedwa yilokuba ebudeni beefundo zakhe waqala ukudibanisa kwindlu yokunyathelisa, apho waqala ukwenza iincwadi ezingabizi. Yonwabe lo msebenzi awazange awunikele, kodwa imali yazisa. Ngomnyaka we-1890, usondela kubazalwana baseBenois, bazisa iBakst kwisangqa se-youth development progression. Ngaphantsi kweempembelelo zabo, umculi uyakuthanda i-watercolor. Le ngqungquthela, eya kukhula emva koko ibe yintlangano yobugcisa "Ihlabathi lezobugcisa", yakha imibono yeBakst kunye nesikhokelo sayo kwipayipi. Ngo-1891, uLo kuqala wahamba waya kwelinye ilizwe, waya eJamani, eItali, eBelgium naseFransi, etyelela iimyuziyam. Ukususela ngo-1893 ukuya ku-1896 wafunda kwi-studio yama- French artists eParis. Ngeli xesha, uLeo ufumana udumo oluqala njenge-watercolorist.

Bakst-portraitist

Umculi u-Leo Bakst wanyanzelwa ukuba aqhubeke eqhuba imiyalelo engamthobeli. Waphumula waza wenza izicwangciso zakhe kwimizobo, ebizwa ngokuba yintando. Bakhombise indlela ecacileyo yombhali , ubuchule bakhe njengomqashi kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukungena kwi-psychology yomlingisi. Ukuqala ukupenda imizobo ngowe-1896, wajika ngokukhawuleza kulolu hlobo kulo lonke ubomi bakhe. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe engcono kakhulu imifanekiso ka- A. Benois, I. I-Levitan, imisebenzi evuthiwe yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, imizobo kaZ. Gippius, I. URubinshtein, uSailhilev onomntwana, J. Cocteau, V. Zukini. Uninzi lwelifa lezobugcisa lenziwe ngumzobo, wenza iingubo zalabo abathande umdla wakhe, iifowashi zezobugcisa bezihlobo kunye nabahlobo.

I-Bakst-paintter

U-Leo Bakst, onobudwebo obunqabileyo ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, wazama ezininzi ngeendlela ezintle. Wayenokubhalela izibetho ezinzima, kwaye abe nokwenza ityhu edibeneyo ngoncedo lwe-glaze. Wayesebenza kancinci kwimihlaba yohlobo lwendalo, kodwa imisebenzi ekhoyo ibonisa umbono wezobugcisa. Kwimisebenzi "kufuphi ne-Nice", "i-Olive Grove", "ii-Sunflowers phantsi kwelanga", ukukhanya kunye nomoya wemvelo zivezwa, umbono othembekileyo wombhali udluliselwa. U-Lev Bakst, umboniso wakhe namhlanje onokuqokelela inani elikhulu labalandeli bomsebenzi wakhe nasiphi na isixeko ehlabathini, akazange azive ekholose kuye njengomdwebi. Kwakhona ngokukhawuleza wanqotshwa yimpembelelo evela ngaphandle kwaye akazange ahlakulele indlela ebhaliweyo yokubhala. Kodwa izinto ezingabonakaliyo ziyimisebenzi yakhe "isidlo sakusihlwa", "kwi-cafe", "inkohlakalo yamandulo".

Bakst kunye nemidlalo

Uninzi lwazo zonke izakhono zakhe iBabst Lev Samoilovich ubonise kwimisebenzi yezobugcisa. Wayeyithanda kakhulu le fomu yobugcisa. U-Lev Bakst, umboniso weendawo eziphathekayo kunye neengubo ezihlala zihamba kunye nejoni, isebenza kakhulu kwaye zivuyisa kakhulu kwi-midlalo ye-S. Diaghilev. Udweba ngokukhawuleza iibhallets Shakherezada, Cleopatra, Narcissus, Firebird. I-Bakst yaba ngumlobi-mbhali wobugcisa, ebumbene nenjongo yomlawuli kwiindawo ezibonakalayo, ukukhanyisa, iingubo. Ukususela ngo-1910, umculi uhlala eParis aze asebenzisane nomdlalo wezemidlalo uS. Diaghilev. Kusebenza ngokubambisana naye ukuba iBakst yenza inguquko yangempela kwi-scenography kunye noyilo lwezobugcisa.

Ezahlukeneyo zeetalente

U-Bakst Leo akazange azibonakalise ngokwakhe kwimifanekiso kunye nokubonakaliswa, eqinisweni, wayengumqambi. Wayehlala ehla ngeengubo, kwaye kungekhona nje kwisigaba. Nguye owasungula i-logo, njengoko i logo eza kuthi namhlanje, kumagazini iWorld of Art. Udale i-design yangaphakathi ye-ladies 'boudoir, ngokubeka iDiaghilev Entreprise. I-Bakst iphinde isebenze ekudalweni kwemiboniso. Ukusebenza kwiingubo zokudlala , uLobert wathola italente yomenzi wesipelisi, wavula imidwebo yeengubo zamantombazana waza waba yindlela yokwenza imfashini yokwenene kwisitayela se-Art Nouveau. Kwakhona waba ngumfundisi olungileyo. U-Elizaveta Zvantseva wamemela iBakst kwisikolo sakhe sobugcisa ngo-1900, apho wazama ukukunceda iitalente ezincinci zifumanisa isitala sayo kwimifanekiso. Nguye owaqala ukubona italente kumfundi wakhe - uMarc Chagall.

Ubomi bomntu

U-Lev Bakst, odwetshwe ngayo imifanekiso enomdla kwaye wamzisa udumo olukhulu, akazange aphumelele ngokupheleleyo ebomini bakhe. Uthando lwakhe lokuqala kuMdlali waseFransi uMarcel Jossé wayengenelisekile. Kwaphela kuphela ngenxa yokuhamba komculi waseParis. E-Petersburg, uyathandana nentombi kaP. Tretyakov, owayengumhlolokazi enengalo yakhe. UBakst uyamkela iLutheran ukuze atshade nomthandi. Umtshato wawungaphumelelanga, nangona unyana womculi, Andrei, wazalwa kuwo. Abafazi bachitha ixesha elininzi xa behlukana kwaye ekugqibeleni bahlukanisa ngo-1910. Kodwa waqhubeka engumhlobo wakhe nomfazi wakhe wokuqala, ngo-1921, kwisimemo sakhe, bakwazi ukushiya iSoviet Union baze bahlala eParis.

Kwiminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe, uBakst wasebenza kanzima eParis, eMelika, eNgilani, oku kwanciphisa impilo yakhe, kwaye ngoDisemba 28, 1924, wafa ngokuzumayo.