Umbhobho weoli. Iyintoni umbhobho weoli?

Kwakufuneka ixesha elide kakhulu ukuze uluntu luzuze izakhono eziye zavumela ukuba zibekwe kwizinto ezizizululwazi neziphuhlisiweyo. Ukuqonda inkqubo yokufumana umlilo, ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ezivela kwizinto ezihlukeneyo, ukuveliswa kwevili kunye nenkqubo yeenqanawa, ukuhlanjululwa kwezilwanyana zasekhaya, ukulima kwezityalo zezolimo kuyimigangatho yokuqala yomntu oye wangena kwinkqubo yenkqubela phambili. Ukuba ngaphambili inkqubo yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha kunye nokwazisa kwimpilo yemihla ngemihla ithatha amashumi kunye namakhulu eminyaka, namhlanje le nto yimiba embalwa nje.

Umlilo sele usetyenziswe uluntu ebomini bemihla ngemihla njengento ehlobisa. Ukuzingela kwindlela yokufumana ukutya kuye kwaba yindlela yokuzonwabisa kunye nokufumana i-adrenaline. Imimandla emikhulu ingethuki nabani na. Iimoto, izitimela kunye neenqwelo zomoya zenza inkqubo yokunyakaza imnandi kwaye ikhululekile. Ubunzulu bamanxweme kunye nemigqomo ye-cosmos konke kuxhomekeke kumntu. Phambili kwaye kuphela phambili, ukuhlangabezana nokungaziwa, ngaphambi kwexesha! Esi siyilo eliphambili lemihla ngemihla, eshukumisela phambili ubomi ngokukhawuleza.

Injini yenkqubela

Imithombo yemvelo enikwa indima ehamba phambili kwinkqubo yophuhliso loluntu. Yonke imisebenzi yehlabathi ephezulu ijolise ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi yabo nokudala isitokethi samaminerali afanelekileyo. Ihlabathi lanamhlanje lilibale ixesha elide malunga neemfazwe, izibangela zabangabesifazana, iimpawu zokuziphatha kunye nomsebenzi wokusebenza. Kwiminyaka emininzi, abantu abazange bafe ngenxa yemigangatho ephakamileyo, kodwa ngesinyithi nezinye izinto eziphathekayo.

Phakathi kwexabiso elikhulu lezinto eziphathiswe ngabantu, ioli ihlala kwindawo ehamba phambili. "Igolide Elimnyama" ligama elichaza intsingiselo yeyona nto kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje. Imithombo yamaphephandaba imihla ngemihla ithi umntu oqhelekileyo malunga neengcaphuno kunye namaxabiso kwiimarike zehlabathi zeoli, ngokugqithiseleyo ukugqibisa ukubaluleka kwento efana nombhobho weoli. Kuninzi kuxhomekeke kwingqalelo yalo mqondo ongaqondakaliyo: ukuzinza koqoqosho lwehlabathi, intlalontle kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwaye, ngenxa yoko, iimeko ezizigidi zabantu abaqhelekileyo abangazange bakrokre ukuba yintoni esiqinisekileyo sokuphila kwabo. Kuthetha ntoni le nto? Iyintoni le mingcambu engummangaliso? Makhe sithethe ngalokhu ngokubanzi.

Ulwazi jikelele

I-barrel iyunithi yokulinganisa ioli. Le ngcamango yazalwa eNgilani. Ukususela kwiNgesi yeNgesi iguqulelwe njengombhobho. Kwaye akumangalisi, kuba ekuqaleni kokuphuhliswa kwemboni yeoli, ngenxa yokungabi naso kwamatriki akhethekileyo kunye nemithombo, ukuthuthwa kwemveliso yokukhutshwa kwesi sigaba somsebenzi kwenzelwe kwimibhobho, eyayihloselwe ukuthutha iinqununu. Kwizinga loqoqosho lwehlabathi, umgqomo usetyenziselwa yonke indawo kwaye umgangatho.

Ukunikezelwa kwezi ngxelo zembali, nawuphi na umntu entloko unokuza nombuzo onengqiqo: "Umgqomo weoli - oku kungakanani na?" Ixabiso leyunithi elisetyenzisiweyo ukuchonga inani leemaminerali ezingama-42.

Ubungakanani obunomlinganiselo wombhobho

Amagama athi "umgqomo" kunye ne "gallon" aqhelekileyo kumazwe angenayo imetriki (isiNgesi) inkqubo yokulinganisa, njengeMelika, iGreat Britain, njl. Ukuqonda okungapheliyo kobuninzi babo, le migaqo iyakwazi ukuguqulelwa ngokulula kwifomu eyaziwayo. Ngokomzekelo, i-American gallon yi-3,785 ilitha, kunye neesiNgesi - 4,546 ilitha. Ngokusekelwe kwezi ngcamango ezincinci, ixabiso lexabiso lombhobho weoli linokumiselwa ngaphandle kobunzima.

Ukuba awuzange uphefumulelwe yi-arithmetic, iinkqubo zokongeza kunye nokuphindaphinda zihlale zibangele ukulahlwa, kwaye umbuzo othi "Mangaphi iilitha emgodini weoli?" Kusasafanelekanga, ungadikibali. Impendulo ilula kakhulu. Umthamo wombhobho weoli, uguqulelwe kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa, i-158,988 ilitha.

Kule mizekelo kucacile ukuba umgqomo uyiyunithi yokulinganisa ivolumu kwaye inezo zonke iimpawu ezifanelekileyo.

Zingaphi iibrare nge tonne yeoli

EmaRashiya nakwii-CIS amazwe, ngokulinganisa "igolide elimnyama" nazo zonke iinkqubo zokuthenga nokuthengisa, igama elithi "ithoni" lisetyenziswe rhoqo. Kulo mbuzo, umbuzo: "Umgqomo weoli - kwiitoni kukuphi na?" Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu banomdla. Umntu ofuna ukufumana ulwazi ngale sihloko unokumangaliswa. Emva koko, eziqhelekileyo, ekuqalekeni, imibuzo ecacileyo kwaye elula ayinayo impendulo engabonakaliyo. Inkqubo yokuguqula ibharri nganye ngetoni kunye nokuhleleka okulandelekileyo kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukeneyo. Sisiphi isizathu sokungabikho komanyano? Yintoni echaphazela ixabiso lemiphumo?

Ukuxhomekeka kwexabiso leoli kwixinzelelo layo

Ukufumanisa le mfihlelo, kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula ixabiso leprayimari ephawulekayo nayiphi na into kunye nefuthe layo. Ubuninzi - ubuninzi bomzimba obulinganayo nomlinganiselo wesisindo somzimba ukuya ku-volume, kulinganiswa ngo-g / cm³ kunye nekg / m ³ . Le ncazelo iyaziwa kubo bonke abavela ezikolweni, kwaye imithetho emininzi ye-physics idibene neli gama.

Ikhono lezinto zokuhlala kwindawo yamanzi, ukuzimisela ukuxhatshazwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye iingcamango zixhomekeke kwaye zizimisele kuphela ngokubaluleka kobuninzi. I-oyile - into eneburhulumenteni eqhelekileyo ihambelana negama elithi "i-liquid" - ayizange ibe yinto ekhethekileyo kumgaqo jikelele. Ukwahlukana kwixabiso le-oyileji, ngenxa yezizathu zesiganeko kunye nesigxina, kunye nokuchaphazela ukusabalalisa idijithali ngokwemiqathango.

Ngenxa yokuba ubunzima be "golide emnyama" abuyixabiso elilodwa kwaye lihluka ngoxhomekeke kwindawo yokuphuhliswa kwayo, kukho ukungafani kwenguqulelo. Kwaye ekubeni ukuxinwa kweoli ngokuxhomekeke ngokuthe ngqo kwiqondo lokushisa, oku kuthethwa ngqalelo kwinkqubo yokuguquka.

Masibale

Ngokomzekelo, ngesisindo seoli ye 750 kg / m ^3, inani leemibhodo nganye ngetoni:

• Kwiqondo lokushisa eli-15.60 ^о С - 8.34.

Ngobuninzi beoli e-800 kg / m ^3, inani leemibhodo ngetoni liya kuba sele likhona:

• Kwiqondo lokushisa lama-200 ^о С - 8.39;
• Kwiqondo lokushisa lama-200 ° C, 7.86;
• Ebushushu be-15.60 ° C, 7.83.

Le mizekelo ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuxhomekeka kwimibolo yemibhobho nganye ngetoni ngokuxininisa nokushisa kweoli ngokwayo. Kwaye ukuba ucinga ukuba ubunzima be "golide yegolide" buhluka kwimida eyahlukileyo, umahluko phakathi kwexabiso elibaluleke kakhulu, ngoko ke ukungaqondakali kombuzo kuyacaca.

Zingaphi iitoni emgqonyeni weoli

Ukufumana inani elichanekileyo, lanele ngokwahlula ukuba libe liwaka kwinani elikhulu. Isenzo samatriki, into eyenziwa ngumntu wonke, siya kunika impendulo ngqo kumbuzo owenziwe.

Ngokomzekelo, ngoxinaniso lweoli ye 750 kg / m ³ kunye nobushushu be-200 ° C, inani leenqwelo (njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili) ngu-8.39. Ngoko ke, phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo, inani leetoni emgqonyeni liya kuba ngamathani angama-0.00839.

Yintoni onokuyifumana kumgqomo weoli?

Ukuze kuqondwe ngokucacileyo amathuba okuba umbhobho weoli, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ubungakanani bemveliso efunyenwe ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwalo. Ngoko, kuya kuvela kuyo:

• I-petroli - 102 ilitha;
• Diz. Ipetroli - 30 ilitha;
• Ukuhamba kwamanzi - 25 ilitha;
• I-gas refining - 11 ilitha;
• I-coleveum coke, esetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwee-electrodes kunye nezixhobo zokungaxilisi - iilitha eziyi-10;
• Ioli yepetroli - 7 ilitha;
• Igesi echanekileyo - 5.5 ilitha;
• Ilahleko - 1,5 kg;
• Ipropane gas - 12 cylinders;
• Ioli ye injini - 1 l;
• Ikhandlela ze-Wax ze-cake-120 pcs.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, iimveliso zepetroleum zininzi zezicelo kwezinye iindawo ezahlukeneyo. Amachiza, ukuveliswa kweeplastiki, izimonyo, iimveliso zokutya - konke oku kuyingxenye encinci yamathuba okuba umbhobho weoli unako.

Ukuqulunqwa kwexabiso leoli

Ingakanani umgqomo weoli? Umbuzo oninzi uncike namhlanje. Iindleko zeoli ngomgqomo namhlanje zichongiwe ziinkalo ezininzi, enye yazo leyo ichanekileyo. Ekubeni uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luxhomekeke ngqo kwiindleko zeoli namhlanje, umthamo wokukhutshwa kwawo kunye nokunikezelwa kwazo zilawulwa ngokuqinile. Intsalela yeoli kwiimarike zehlabathi ngenxa yexabiso eliphantsi liza kubangela ukuba lithengise kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, inani lalo elincinci liya kubangela ukuba kubekho umfuno kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kuya kuthintela ukukhula kwexabiso lentengo "yegolide elimnyama".

Kuza kube yimhla, indleko yombhobho weoli iphakathi kwe-110 y. E. Ngenxa yokuba uqoqosho lwamazwe amaninzi lusondelelene neoli, iindawo zokugcina umhlaba ezingapheliyo, indleko "yegolide elimnyama" iya kukhula njalo. Okwangoku unokuba ubungqina beengxabano zempi, isizathu sokuba umnqweno wokuba ufumane iifomethi zale mineralali.

Sithemba ukuba ufumene iimpendulo ezipheleleyo kwimibandela yakho.