ULwandle lwaseSiberia lwaseMpumalanga. Ubunzulu, iziqithi, izibonelelo kunye neengxaki zeLwandle laseMpumalanga yeSiberia

Ulwandle lwaseMpumalanga yeSiberia kwimaphu akulula ukufumana ngokukhawuleza. Inyaniso kukuba imida yayo inemiqathango kwaye kuphela kwezinye iindawo iphela kumhlaba. Kwintshona yasentshonalanga, i-Kotelny Island kunye neLwandle lwaseLaptev sinomyinge; Ngasemantla, umda we-altare yelizwekazi; Empuma umda ngumda we-meridiya owela kwi- Wrangel Island; Engxenyeni esezantsi ulwandle luvalwe kwilizwe.

Ubukhulu kunye nobuGaba

Ubunzulu obunzulu boLwandle lwase-East Siberia lunamitha angama-915, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lale lathisi li-54 mitha. Ngamanye amagama, eli gumbi liphela ngokupheleleyo kwikharityhulam yelizwekazi. Indawo yayo yonke i-913 i-m ^{2 yesi-2} . Ngokuphathelele umthamo, malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-49 zeekhijitri.

Shores

Ulwandle lwase-East Siberian lunommandla wonxweme ohluke kakhulu kwindawo yaso ekuphumeni kwintshona nasentshonalanga. Kwimihlaba yalo kukho iindawo ezinzima kakhulu, ukuba kwezinye iindawo zikhupha ngamandla, kwaye kwezinye zihamba kude kwilizwe. Ukongeza kubo, indawo ezichanekileyo ziqhelekileyo. Emilonyeni yemilambo, kukho iimeko ezincinci. Kwiindawo zeeNosibsibirsk Islands, ummandla wonxweme unqabileyo kwaye ulala phantsi. Imeko efana nayo iyimpawu emlonyeni woMlambo waseKolyma. Engxenyeni esezantsi yeStrait Strait, iibhanki zihlanganiswe ngomxube weentlanzi ngeesanti, ezihlukanisa iintambo zamatye.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubuninzi beendawo ezinxweme zichaphazeleke kakhulu kwixabiso lemvula eyenziwa yimilambo. Ngaphantsi kwempembelelo yabo, imivalo nayo yenziwa - izihlangu zonke. Ukongezelela, ukuqhuma komlambo kukunyusa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, okubangelwa ukutshatyalaliswa kwamathambo kwimimandla yomlomo. Isantya sawo sisuka kwisinye ukuya kwii-mitha ezili-15 ngonyaka.

Ulwakhiwo lwezantsi

Indawo yokulala yolwandle yenziwa yesikhephelo, ukukhutshwa kwayo kwinqanaba elincinane. Ithambekele kancane kwinqanaba elisenyakatho-mpuma. Ngecala lasentshonalanga yiloo nto kuthiwa "indawo engaphantsi". Kwakhiwa noNovosibirsk Shoal. Ngokubhekiselele kwiindawo ezinzulu, ziqhelekile kwingingqi esenyakatho-mpuma. Icandelo elibalulekileyo lezantsi lihlanganiswe apha kunye nesigxina se-sedimentary esincinci. Amanxweme amaninzi kunye neziqithi zoLwandle lwase-East Siberian (ezingekho apha apha) zenziwe ngokuchanekileyo kwixabiso le siseko. Ezi ziquka i-Aion, i-Bear, kwakunye neIsovosibirsk Islands. Njengokuba kuboniswa yiifoto ezahlukeneyo ze-aeromagnetics, izithambiso ezantsi ze-shelf zakhiwe ngamatye anesihlabathi, amacwecwe kwaye aphule amatye. Kukho izizathu zokucinga ukuba ezinye zazo ziziqwenga zezinye iziqithi ezazisasazeka yiqhwa kuyo yonke indawo.

Imozulu

Abantu abaninzi banomdla kulo mbuzo: "Ulwandle lwase-East Siberian - luphi ulwandle lolwandle?" Nangona inqobo yokuba i-reservoir ingowomgcini we-Arctic Ocean, ibuye ifuthe emoyeni ePacific naseAtlantic. Imozulu apha apha i-arctic. Xa kusebusika, ukushisa kumyinge--30 degrees, kwaye ehlobo-malunga ne -2. Uninzi lwangonyaka unxweme lukhunjulwe ngeqhwa. Kwimimandla esempuma, i-ice floating often is located far from the coast, even in the summer months.

Ulwandle lwase-East Siberian ebusika luphantsi kweempembelelo zemimoya yaseningizimu ne-ntshona-ntshona, isantya sayo singamamitha asixhenxe ngesibini. Bazisa umoya obandayo ukusuka kweli zwekazi. Ehlobo, uxinzelelo lukhupha apha, ngenxa yokuba iindawo ezisenyakatho ziqala ukuphakama phakathi kwemoya. Baye banobuthathaka ekuqaleni kwexesha, kodwa basondele kumaphakathi, amandla abo akhula kuphela, kwaye isantya sifinyelela kwiimitha ezili-15 ngomzuzwana. Ngeli xesha, ubuninzi bezulu bezulu belapha kunye nekhephu elimanzi okanye imvula emvula. Ngenxa yokuba le mithombo igxininise ngokupheleleyo kumaziko, achaphazelekayo emoyeni, ekwindla kungekude kubekho ukufudumala kokushisa okukhoyo apha.

Ukushisa kunye nosawoti lwamanzi

Kuwo wonke unyaka, ukushisa kwamanzi olwandle kolwandle kuncipha kwicala ukusuka kumzantsi ukuya ngasentla. Ngexesha lebusika kwimimandla yomlambo, malunga ne -0.5 degrees, ngelixa kumda wasentla kumalunga ne--1.8 degrees. Ehlobo kwinto yonke incike kwiimeko zeqhwa. Ngeli xesha kwiikhoyili ukushisa kufinyelela kuma-+8 degrees, kwimimandla engenaqhwa i malunga ne -3 degrees, kwaye kwinqanaba leqhwa lilingana nomyinge wama-degrees. Ngentwasahlobo nasebusika, ukushisa kwamanzi kushintshile. Ehlotyeni, kufuphi nezantsi, amanzi agxininisa, ngakumbi kwingingqi esentshona.

Umgangatho wobunamanzi olwandle luyahlukahluka kumntla-ntshona. Ngentwasahlobo nasebusika iphuma kwi-4 nganye imilenze kufuphi ne-Indigirka ne-Kolyma imifula ibe yi-32 ppm kwimimandla esemantla nasentla. Ehlobo, ukuchithwa kweqhwa kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kwamanzi emlambo kubangela ukuba le nqondiso iyancipha. Kufuneka kwakhona kuqaphele ukuba izinga lokunyuselwa kwamanzi alinyuli ngakumbi kulwandle. Ngokuphathelele isalathisi, njengobuninzi bamanzi, yinto ephakamileyo kwixesha lekwindla nobusika. Ukongezelela, ikhula njengoko uhamba ngokunyuka.

Hydrology

Ulwandle lwase-East Siberian lubonakaliswa ngumfula ongezantsi kakhulu, xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abameli be-Arctic Ocean. Enkulu imilambo egeleza kuyo i-Kolyma. Ukugeleza kwayo ku malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-132 ezikhilomitha nganye ngonyaka. Okwesibini kule xabiso ngu-Indigirka umlambo, okwangoku ngexesha elifanayo lizisa isiqingatha samanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, nangaphandle kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu, ukukhutshwa kwe-coastal-off kuchaphazela yonke imeko ye-hydrological situation kuphela. Ngethuba langoku, i-currents of currents kule yolwandle ayizange ifundwe ngokupheleleyo. Kungathiwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba ukujikelezwa kwamanzi jikelele apha kungumdlali we-cyclonic. Ngokuphathelele imvula, ixabiso laso lonyaka lilinganiselwa kwi-100 ukuya kuma-200m. Ngenxa yokuba akukho mijelo ejulile, kwaye indawo ebalulekileyo ayinanto, amanzi aphezulu ase-Arctic athatha indawo eninzi.

Iidesi

Ulwandle lubonakaliswe ngamanqwanqwa aqhelekileyo ajikelezayo, okubangelwa ngumtsalane ohamba enxweme yelizwekazi ukusuka ngasentla. Ziyaboniswa ngokubhekiselele kwimimandla esenyakatho-ntshona kunye nenyakatho, ngelixa libuthathaka kwicala lentshona. Oku kungachazwa ngento yokuba emanzini angenawo umtshangatshangiso uyacima. Ngokomzekelo, ngelixa kummandla ovela kwiKapa yaseShelagsky ukuya kwiNayile ye-Indigirka , ukuguqulwa kwamanqanaba kungabonakali, emlonyeni wayo ukukhululeka kunye nokucwangciswa kweebhanki kubangela ukwanda kwimizila ngamasentimitha angama-25. Inqanaba eliphezulu lamanzi liphawu loJuni-Julayi lwenyanga, kuba ngeli xesha likhulu lomlambo. Ebusika, izinga liye lancipha kancane kwaye ngo-Matshi lifikelela kwixabiso elincinane.

Iiflora kunye nezilwanyana

Izixhobo zoLwandle lwase-Siberia lwase-East, olubizwa ngokuba yi-flora kunye nezilwanyana, zincinci. Okokuqala, oku kungenxa yeemeko ezinzima ezidalwe apha ngokwemvelo ngokwazo, ngoko kuphela ezo eziye zanyanzeliswa kakhulu kwiqondo lokushisa eziphantsi zithathile apha. Kwimimandla yomlambo, kukho amaxesha amaninzi amakhulu eentlanzi ezimhlophe. Kukho i-omul, i-grayling, i-whitefish, i-navaga, i-polar flounder, i-cod nabanye. Abameli bezilwanyana ezilwanyana zilumbethe zeepolisi, iimpawu kunye nezikhonkwane. Njengeentaka, phakathi kwazo zikhona iziqhumane, i-sea gulls kunye ne-guillemots. Kungenzeka ukuba kumanzi asekuhlaleni kukho i-shark polar, ifikelela kumitha ezintandathu ubude, kodwa akukho bubungqina obucacileyo bokuba kude kube ngoku.

Iingxaki zolwandle

Iingxaki zeLwandle lwase-East Siberia zifana nezindlela ezininzi kwiingxaki zamanye amazwe asempumalanga, umzekelo, iBarents, Kara, White kunye nabanye. Kule meko, sithetha ngokukodwa malunga nendawo engqongileyo. Nangona kunjalo ukuba amanzi apha ahlambulukile, amaYurophu iminyaka emininzi ayitshabalalisa izibonelelo zeendawo eziphilayo, ngakumbi imikhomo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, oku kwakhokelela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwinani labo kunye nokusabalaliswa kweentlobo ezithile. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungakhankanyeli enye ingxaki esanda kuzuza umgangatho wehlabathi. Kuthe malunga nokuqhaqha kwamaqhwa, apho i-fauna yendawo ihlupheke khona. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, imisebenzi yabantu ehambelana nokuphuhliswa kweendawo zeoli neyegesi nayo inefuthe elibi kummandla wendawo yamanzi.

Imeko yo qoqosho

Ngomnyaka we-1935, iinqwelo-moya eziqhelekileyo zeenqanawa zaqala ngokubizwa ngokuba yiNdlela yoLwandle lwaseNyakatho, ebekwe ngaphesheya kolwandle lwase-East Siberia. Ngelo xesha, umntu akanako ukunceda kodwa ugxininisa ukuba ixesha lokuhamba liphela kuphela iinyanga ezintathu kuphela - liqala ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kwaye luphela ngoNovemba. Ngexesha elifanayo, ukuthunyelwa kuvunyelwe kuphela ngeli xesha kwaye kumgca wolwandle.