Iintlobo zezifundo. Iintlobo (iiklasi) zezifundo ze-GEF kwisikolo esiprayimari

Isifundo sesikolo yindlela ebalulekileyo kunye neyona ndlela ibaluleke kakhulu yemfundo kunye nokukhuliselwa inkqubo yokuqonda abantwana bazo zonke iintlobo zolwazi. Kwiingxelo zanamhlanje kwizifundo ezifana ne-didactics, iindlela zokufundisa, ubuchule bokufundisa, isifundo sichazwa lixesha lexesha elithile kunye neenjongo zobuchule bokudluliswa kolwazi oluvela kwititshala kumfundi, kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho wokufunda nokulungiselela abafundi.

Izimpawu zesifundo

Ngamnye utitshala makaqonde ukuba ukuqhuba isifundo esikolweni kufaka iinjongo ezithile. Ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukugxila kwizinto ezithile zokuqeqeshwa ezifundiswa abafundi. Kwiziko lesiprayimari kubalulekile ukukhokelwa ngu:

• Imfundo, imfundo, iinjongo zophuhliso;
• Ukuthotyelwa ngokupheleleyo kwezinto kunye neenjongo;
• Iifom zokuqeqeshwa ngokuchanekileyo;
• Inkqubo yokufunda ngokuthe ngqo, ingqalelo yonke imithetho kunye nemithetho yokuqhuba izifundo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokufunda kukujonga injongo. Ukuqonda ngokucacileyo oko kufuneka kube yiphumo ekupheleni kulo msebenzi onzima, zonke iinketho ezinokusetyenziswa ngolwazi kunye nohlobo lwesifundo zikhethwe ngokubaluleka kootitshala. Ukuthatha njengesiseko salo mgaqo wokuqalisa umsebenzi nabantwana, izifundo ziya kuhlala zikhokelela kunye nezinto ezikhunjulwe ngokulula.

Iifom ezahlukeneyo zezifundo

Izifundo zingaqhutyelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, inokuba yintetho, uhambo. Ngethuba lesifundo kuyinqweneleka ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obutsha. Oku kuya kwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuvelisa izinto ezintsha ngendlela enomdla neyokufundisa. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana benza umsebenzi wabo, omele ube ngowendlela yokulungisa izinto.

Kwakhona kwisikolo esiprayimari, izifundo zinikezelwa kwizigaba eziphambili zoqeqesho:

• Isifundo-isingeniso;
• Ukubonelela ngokubalulekileyo kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga;
• Cacisa inkcazo yemithetho kunye nomxholo;
• Ukuqonda okusebenzayo kolwazi;
• Isifundo-ukuphindaphinda.

Iintlobo zokwethulwa kolwazi ziyafana ngazo zonke izifundo, oko kukuthi, iintlobo zezifundo kwimathematika nolwimi lwesiRashiya ziyafana. Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokufundisa, utitshala angakwazi ukufikelela ngokukodwa ekuphunyezweni kweenjongo.

Iintlobo zezifundo ze-GEF

I-GEF yimigangatho yemfundo karhulumente. Ngamanye amazwi, ezi ziyimfuneko ezicacileyo zokuphunyezwa kwamanqanaba emfundo. Le migangatho inikezela inkqubo yeemithetho, ukusuka kwisikolo esincinane ukuya kwimfundo ephakamileyo epheleleyo. Ezi zifundo zizona zifundo eziphambili zokufundisa kunye nezemfundo kwinkqubo yonke yokufunda kwi-Russian Federation. Ziquka:

• Ukunikezelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwezinto ezingaqhelekanga;
• Izifundo ezixilisayo;
• Izifundo ngokukhokela ngokubanzi;
• Izifundo ezijongene ngqo.

Iintlobo zezifundo ze-GEF kwisikolo esiprayimari

Injongo ephambili yesifundo esikolweni esiprayimari kukubonelela ngeemeko ezizinzileyo zokuqonda ukusebenza kwabafundi. Le njongo ifumaneka ngeendlela:

• Utitshala kufuneka avumelane nabafundi isicwangciso sesifundo somdla wabafundi kuqala. Oku kwenziwa ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ifom yesifundo kunye nohlobo lwayo.
• Utitshala usekelwe ekuboneni, ukuthelekisa nokuvavanya kwenza isicwangciso sesifundo.
• Utitshala makangayiniki kuphela imisebenzi eyintloko eyenziwa yiplani yesicwangciso, kodwa iquka ubuchule bakhe ekulungiseleleni izabelo zabafundi.
• Iindibano zabasebenzi okanye iqela lihlala livuselela umdla wabafundi bezikolo eziprayimari ekucingeni, ukudala izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
• Musa ukungahoyi ulawulo lwenkqubo. Kubalulekile ukunika umfundi ithuba lokubonisa imbono yakhe kwimiba ethile.

Iindidi zezifundo ze-GEF ezikolweni eziprayimari zisekelwe kwimimiselo yeminyaka yabafundi. Kwisifundo sokuqala, ezenza izakhono, imithombo ephambili yolwazi iincwadi. Ngokugqithiseleyo iincwadi zezifundo zikhethiweyo, imibala yazo imbala, bhetele umfundi weeklasi eziphambili uya kufunda ulwazi. Iindidi ezahlukileyo zezifundo ze-GEF zingaqhutyelwa ziingcali ezikhokelayo ezikolweni.

Kwinqanaba lesibini, xa yonke imigaqo icacile, kwaye ulwazi lufundwa, umfundi ufuna ukunika imisebenzi elula ukujonga umgangatho wokuqonda nokukhumbula ngezixhobo. Ukuba umntwana ubonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo kwaye uhlangabezana ngokucacileyo nomsebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukunyusa ngokuthe kancinci inqanaba lobunzima bemisebenzi. Ukuba ugxininisa kwiintlobo zezifundo ezivela kwi-GEF, unokuphucula kakhulu ulwazi lwabafundi.

Ukunikezelwa ngokuchanekileyo komthwalo kumfundi

Kwisifundo sokulungisa ulwazi, kubalulekile ukuhambisa umthwalo kumfundi ukwenzela ukuba ukuphunyezwa ngokukhawuleza kwemisebenzi enikwe kwisiphumo sokugqibela kubangela ukuphindaphinda okupheleleyo kolwazi olufunyenweyo kwisifundo sokuqala. Ootitshala kufuneka babonise ukufundela okuphezulu ukuze bakwazi ukufezekisa iziphumo ezifunwayo. Umsebenzi wootitshala ungabizwa ngokuthe ngqo. Imisebenzi yalo msebenzi ayibandakanyi kuphela ukudluliselwa kolwazi kunye nokulawula kwabo, kodwa uncedo, intsebenziswano, inkxaso kubafundi.

Ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa isifundo?

Ngokuqinisekileyo yonke isifundo esitsha kufuneka sibe nomdla kumfundi. Wonke umntu, ngaphandle kokunye. Le yindlela kuphela yokufumana iziphumo ezilungileyo kumfundi. Ngaphandle koko, ulwazi aluyi kufundiswa, kwaye iincwadi ziya kufuneka ziphindwe.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezifundo esikolweni zisekelwe kwizakhono zabasebenzi bokufundisa. Ukugxila kwiintlobo eziphambili zezifundo, ungalibali malunga nendlela yokudala kwimiba engxaki.

Uphuhliso lwesifundo luqala ngethuba lomsebenzi - ukwakha isicwangciso somsebenzi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukubeka iinjongo kunye neenjongo. Le micimbi imele icingelwe kwangaphambili. Emva koko, phinda izifundo ozifundileyo kwisifundo esedlule kwaye ubeke esweni umsebenzi wesikolo ekhaya. Oku kuya kucaca ukuba ifunyenwe kakuhle kangakanani. Emva koko abafundi bafumana ulwazi olutsha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, balungise kwaye bafumane umsebenzi wesikolo. Ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifundo, utitshala unomdla kubafundi abancinane, ngaloo ndlela ubapha ulwazi olutsha.

Into ephambili kwititshala wesikolo esiprayimari ukuhanjiswa okufanelekileyo kolwazi. Abantwana abavela kwiiklasi eziphambili babonakala bafunde ulwazi oluninzi kunokuba beve. Ngoko ke, zonke izinto ezintsha kufuneka zibonwe. Uphuhliso lwangoku lwe sifundo alubandakanyi nje kuphela umzekelo wutitshala, kodwa neentetho ezahlukeneyo

Indima yoTitshala

Bonke abantu abadala baye bazi ixesha lokuba umntwana ovela kwiminithi yokuqala emva kokudibana kunye notitshala uqala ukumhlolisisa ukusuka entloko ukuya enzwaneni, ukuvavanya, kwaye yena ngokwakhe entloko wenza ukubonakaliswa. Ukuba utitshala unomusa, umfazi othakazelisayo nomomothekayo onomdla omhle, kunye neetoni zokunxibelelana, uya kuba ngumzekelo ocacileyo kubafundi. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukholisa abantwana kuphela, kodwa nokuba ngumcebisi, ukufumana ukuthembela. Ukuba utitshala uyabathanda abantwana, ngoko nawuphi na uhlobo lwesifundo luya kubonwa ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ukuba utitshala ungumntu, ngoko kufuneka azinqande kwaye athathwe, kodwa ngelo xesha, ukukhathala okufanayo kungayinzuzo enkulu. Indoda akumele ibe yindoda efundisayo kwaye ibeka imithetho, kodwa ibe ngowesibili uyise.

Izinto eziyimfuneko

Zonke iingxaki zasekhaya, iingxaki, ukukhungatheka kunye namava ahamba kakuhle ekhaya. Emva kokuwela umda wesikolo, utitshala kufuneka acinge nje ngomsebenzi kunye nentsebenziswano nabantwana besikolo. Ukuvuleka ngokukhawuleza ekunxibelelweni kunye neengqondo ezilungileyo kuya kubavumela ukuba abafundi babekwe, bazise ubudlelwane bokholo. Abafundi besikolo samanje abakwiiklasi ezincinci baxabisa amahlaya angabonakaliyo katitshala, ngubani na onokubeka ixesha lokumisa amahlaya ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo phakathi kwabo kunye nabantwana. Ukucinga okungafaniyo nokuziphatha kwutitshala kunye nokuphula zonke izikhokelo kuya kunceda ukuhamba ngaphaya kwesi sifundo esivamile.

Iyiphi indlela engcono yokuqhuba isifundo?

Ukuqhuba isifundo ngokukhethekileyo kwindawo yokuzola kunye ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ootitshala abaninzi basasaza izinto ezintsha, bemi kwibhodi okanye bahleli. Abafundi beJunior banokuyeka ukumphendula. Kungcono ukuthutha ukubona ukuba kukho impendulo evela kubafundi, nokuba ngaba balandela ukuziphatha kootitshala. Awuyidingi impawu kunye nemvakalelo, nje amanyathelo amancinci eklasini. Emva koko utitshala uya kuhlala ephakathi kwengqalelo.

Khumbula njalo imizekelo xa unikeza abafundi ulwazi olutsha. Ukuba le mizekelo ivela ebomini, ngoko utitshala akayi kuba nzima ukuwazisa, kwaye abantwana baya kuqiniseka ukuba amaqiniso anikwe ngutitshala ayenenjongo.

Ukukhuthazwa kwabafundi

Kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba abantwana abasebancinci abantwana basabantwana abancinci abangayazi izinto ezininzi ebomini kwaye bafuna iingcaciso kumbuzo oceliwe. Kungenxa yoko. Utitshala kufuneka ahlawule ngokukodwa impendulo yombuzo owawufunwa ngumfundi. Ungamnaki umfundi kwaye ushiye umbuzo wakhe ungaphenduliwe, nangona isifundo sisithuba esincinci sezinto eziphambili. Ukuphendula umbuzo, utitshala ubumba iingcamango malunga nezinto ezithile umfundi azikhumbulayo ebomini bakhe bonke. Yingakho impendulo ecacileyo, eqondakalayo kwaye ifumaneka kubaluleke kakhulu. Kulo mbandela, akudingeki ugxininise kwisifundo sesifundo. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba abafundi kufuneka bafumane ulwazi olunikezwa esikolweni.

Utitshala kufuneka ahlale efunda isifundo ngasinye aze alandele iimfuno zabafundi. Ngokuqhelekileyo abantwana babonakala ngokuthandayo izinto. Into ephambili ukuphawula nokunceda umntwana akhule. Musa ukulibala malunga nokukhuphisana kwabafundi. Ukutsala ingqalelo yabantwana ekufundeni, unokudala isifundo esingalibalekiyo ngendlela yokudlala. Ukwahlula abantwana kumaqela amabini, baya kuqala ukukhuphisana.

Enye yemisebenzi ephambili yokuphuhliswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwabafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo samabanga aphezulu kukufunda indlela yokuphumelela. Abantwana abalahlekelwe kulo mdlalo weengqondo baza kuqala ukufikelela kubaphumeleleyo, ngokwandisa izinga labo lolwazi, kuyimfuneko kuphela ukukhetha imisebenzi yeqela ukuqwalasela iimpawu zeminyaka yabantwana kunye nokuziphatha ngendlela efaneleko. Nangona kunjalo, lolu hlobo lwesifundo akufanele luqhutyelwe rhoqo, kuba abantwana bangathukuthela, belahlekelwa njalo. Kwi sifundo sesikolo, kubalulekile ukuzisa ukuhlukahluka, apho abafundi baya kuqonda indima yabo kunye nendawo kwindawo yokufundela.

Umoya ojikelezayo uhlala uphelela amandla okusebenza. Utitshala kufuneka alandele umyalelo eklasini kunye nesimo sengqondo sabantwana phakathi kwabo, ugcine uxolo. Abantwana abaselula mabahlale bedunyiswa. Ukukhuthaza nokuvuma umsebenzi owenziwe kakuhle kwiklasi okanye ekhaya kuseloko ikhuthaza kakhulu inkqubela phambili kwishishini. Ngaliphi na uhlobo lwesifundo, umfundi kufuneka abe nomdla. Kule meko kuphela uya kukhangela ulwazi.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula

Ukuhlukana okulula kunceda ootitshala ukuba bakhumbule ngamnye umntu kunye nokuziphatha okuzonwabisa kwizifundo ezifundisayo. Ukufundisa kubomi. Utitshala ontle uhlala ekhula, kwaye izifundo zakhe ziyolona umdla kwaye zifundisa. Utitshala othanda abantwana kunye noqeqesho ngumfundisi nje kuphela kwiiklasi ezincinci, kodwa kuzo zonke izinto zobomi.