Ichaza hlabathi iilwimi, iingcali zeelwimi, izazinzulu sebenzisa imigaqo ezahlukeneyo yokuhlela. Iilwimi kuhlanganiswa babe ngamaqela indawo (kagunyaziwe) Umgaqo, kummandla ka-ntetho, ngenxa lokubaluleka kweelwimi, ukusetyenziswa ukuphila kwintetho yemihla ngemihla.
Ukusebenzisa isibaluli yokugqibela, abaphengululi yahlulwe zonke iilwimi zehlabathi ibe ngamaqela amabini ezinkulu - eziphilayo iilwimi nabafileyo. Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale yokuqala - siwasebenzise ngemihla incoko, indlela ulwimi, indawo enkulu yabantu (wesizwe). ulwimi Living njalo kusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano ngemihla, utshintsho, unzima okanye lula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Utshintsho kakhulu ephawuleka kwenzeka ngolwimi Lexicon (zesigama): inxalenye yegama ugugile, ezidinga umbala akudala, kwaye umahluko, ekuchazeni izinto ezintsha kuvela amagama ngakumbi omtsha (neologisms). Okunye inkqubo ulwimi (morphological, ifonetiki, syntactic) are egalelwe ngakumbi, ukutshintsha ngokucothayo kwaye unobtrusively.
ulwimi Abafileyo, njengoko kuchasene ubomi, akukho lisetyenziswa zemihla ngemihla kweelwimi. Zonke iinkqubo akhawunti ngesiqhelo, zombini, izinto engatshintshiyo. ulwimi Abafileyo, eziqulathwe ezahlukeneyo iirekhodi ezibhalwe phantsi.
Zonke iilwimi abafileyo zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini eziphambili: kuqala, abo lithile kwixesha elidlulileyo elikude, zasetyenziselwa unxibelelwano ephilileyo ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo, abasekho kusetyenziswa kunxibelelwano yabantu abahlala (isiLatin, isiGrike, Coptic, Old kubaphangi, Gothic). Iqela lesibini iilwimi abafileyo ziquka ezo apho kungekho mntu wakha wamxelela; Odalwe ngokungqalileyo ukuba enze nayiphi na imisebenzi (kunjalo, umzekelo, kwakukho Old Slavonic ulwimi - ulwimi yezicatshulwa zonqulo zamaKristu). ulwimi Dead amaninzi similise ophilileyo, esetyenziswa ngokubonakalayo (umzekelo, isiGrike usinike indlela iilwimi mihla zomthonyama of Greece).
Latin ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwezinye. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, Latin - ulwimi ofileyo: in umkhwa eliphilileyo kwincoko ngayo musa kudla ngeenxa zonke AD ngenkulungwane yesithandathu. Kodwa ke, kwelinye icala, i-Latin wafumana isicelo kakhulu kwi zamayeza, zonyango, isigama lwezenzululwazi, unqulo yamaKatolika (Latin - i "imeko" ulwimi olusemthethweni Bona oyiNgcwele, Vatican City State). Njengoko ubona, "abafileyo" Latin sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ngesayensi yobomi, ulwazi. Zonke iiyunivesithi ezinkulu philological ngokuyimfuneko ziquka Latin kwikharityhulam, ukugcinwa isithethe wemfundo yamandulo melo. Ukongeza, ulwimi nabafileyo - ngumthombo aphorisms lifutshane kakhulu ukuba sele kudlule iminyaka: Ukuba ufuna uxolo - kuxhobela imfazwe; Zwi સ્પ્રેડપત્રક Mori; Gqirha, ziphilise - zonke ezi zinto "ukuzalwa" ukusuka kwisiLatini. Latin - ulwimi ubhalo kakhulu kwaye eyakhiwe kakuhle, uphose, akukho-ububhanxa kunye ese exolweni ngomlomo; awusetyenziselwa kuphela iinjongo ngevangeli (ukubhala imimiselo, ukuyilwa nethesarasi lwezenzululwazi), kodwa ngandlel 'ithile imodeli, ulwimi eqhelekileyo.