Uloliwe Nuclear. inkqubo Nuclear ukulwa enomjukujelwa kaloliwe (BZHDRK, ghost uloliwe). RT-23 MOLODETS

Phakathi ezahlukahlukeneyo kweenkqubo izindululi yeqhinga bexhobe amazwe aphambili ehlabathini, inkqubo enomjukujelwa kaloliwe zomkhosi (BZHRK olufinyeziweyo) namhlanje lifumana savuka. Oku lula eziliqela yezizathu, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba abachukumise, khangela yintoni le kuphuhliso lwamashisini wokhuselo mihla. Endleleni, siya kuzama ukufumanisa ukuba kwenzeka ntoni koololiwe zenyukliya angaphambili.

Yintoni BZHRK?

Okokuqala, ukuba uloliwe, ngeemoto neziwela na abakhweli, wakhawuleza kwi ikhefu okanye i uhambo ishishini, kunye imithwalo kulindeleke kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zelizwe, kwaye imijukujelwa ezibulalayo, kuba impumelelo nangakumbi zabo zixhotyiswe nge zikhali. Inani labo bahluka ubungakanani ezintsonkothileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho abakhweli - inkqubo enomjukujelwa kaloliwe technical yabasebenzi inkxaso Battle, kwakunye unit umsebenzi ukhuseleko lwayo. Inxalenye iimoto yenzelwe ukulungiselela zonke iinkqubo kunokwenzeka zeteknoloji kunye nezinye xa bekusungulwa ngempumelelo kwaye betha ekujoliswe naphi na ehlabathini.

Njengoko uloliwe abotshwe nge abulalayo, lifana wempi, nguye ekudla kunikwa igama isetyenzisiwe gama. Umzekelo, 15P961 "yenziwe." Ukuba inxalenye yokuqala igama ayikho kakhulu elula pronunciation, abawukhumbula ngoko nangoko, ngoko okwesibini kakhulu ngoncuthu kwaye bayazazi ukuya endlebeni. Kuyo ufuna ukongeza igama elithi "elungileyo", kodwa ngokunxulumene okwaziyo entsonkothileyo zokutshabalalisa kumcimbi imizuzu urhulumente avareji eYurophu, le isichazi kwamkelekile ngenkankulu.

Elinesibini "wenze kakuhle" lelokugada lokhokho

ukwaphulwa okunjalo "iindevu esintamo" kwisithuba ukususela 1987 ukuya ku-1994 kweli lizwe lethu elinambini. Bonke bephela besemsebenzini i-Strategic Missile Forces kunye, eziqwini eziphambili, waba mnye ngaphezulu, ifumaneka kuphela amaxwebhu zobugcisa, - RT 23 UTTKh. Kwiminyaka elandelayo, enye omnye ke ezazithinjwe yenkonzo, ikhululwe, ukuze ngalo nyaka-2007 ukusuka nabalindi zabo ozukileyo baba amabini kuphela, zibekwe kwi Museum of Russian Armed Forces.

Hi ndlela leyi, i RT 23 UTTKh waqalisa eSoviet Union entsonkothileyo kuphela, nto leyo yaqalwa weqonga kwibhetshi. Development iinkqubo ezifana babesilwa amashumi eminyaka, kodwa kuphela yee- zasiwa iqonga, bavumelekile ukuba on ebhodini. uphawu "inombolo uloliwe zero" wanikwa ukuba Ukufihla koololiwe yale hlobo.

uphuhliso American kwintsimi enye

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngexesha IMfazwe, amazwe, nabayili ingakumbi American nabo basebenza kwi ekudalweni koololiwe ethwele ukufa yenyukliya ezimotweni zabo. Ngenxa yempumelelo yolu inkonzo eSoviet nobukrelekrele, kwakunye sisigubungelo obujikeleze yonke into enxulumene noshishino zokhuselo ke, ngaloo minyaka, umfundi wayesazi kakhulu ngokuphathelele kuphuhliso lwabo ngaphezu impumelelo gunsmiths zasekuhlaleni.

Yintoni kuchazwa kwiingxelo zabo yethu "Stirlitz"? Enkosi kubo, kwakusazeka ukuba ekuqaleni gqira wabonakala okuqinileyo-fuel yokuqala kwi US enomjukujelwa wokuhlolwa, owaziwa ngelika "Minuteman". Ethelekiswa langaphambili, iyasebenza yesibaso solwelo, iye yaba kwiqela lokulungileyo ebalulekileyo. Okokuqala, kwakungekho mfuneko pre-ukuqalisa ukutshajisa, ukongeza, ukwanda kakhulu ukumelana balo ukuba yothuse kunye ukungcangcazela, zibotshiwe ukuba zivele ngexesha izithuthi.

Kuvumelekile ukwenza wokulwa enomjukujelwa luqalisa ngqo kumaqonga train ezihambayo babe phantse anihlasele xa kuthe imfazwe. Ingxaki kuphela ukuba ungaqala rocket kuphela kuchaziwe ngokuthe ngqo, ngumhlaba elungiselelwe ngokukodwa, njengoko inkqubo yabo ulwalathiso lwalunxityelelaniswe pre-ukubala ezihambelanayo.

America ekukhanyeni i "Big Star"

A impumelelo ebalulekileyo ukuba wenza kube lula ukwenza uloliwe kwi US kunye imijukujelwa senyukliya waba transaction elikhulu-scale lwenziwa ngo-1961 kwaye kwabanjwa phantsi igama efihlakeleyo "Big Star". Njengenxalenye yale Uloliwe siganeko, nguye kwase kwenkqubo enomjukujelwa elizayo bafudukela ngapha komsebenzi womnatha ezisebenzayo bakwaloliwe lizwe.

Injongo yalo msebenzi ukuvavanya ukushukumiseka babo kunye namathuba kukho usasazeko liphezulu eUnited States. Emva kotyando, iziphumo zayo ziye zaqulunqwa, kwaye ngaloo mihla eyenzelwe Uloliwe lenyukliya yokugcina leyo imijukujelwa ezintlanu "Minuteman".

Ukwala yeprojekthi ekhoyo

Noko ke, oku akuzange ukukhwela kwibhodi. Ekuqaleni bekucingelwa ukuba 1962 kushishino ukuziphendulela yelizwe ezingamashumi bebonke baya kukhululwa, yambethe abangama-ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu imijukujelwa. Kodwa ekupheleni imisebenzi yoyilo iindleko zeprojekthi kuthathwa ngokugqithiseleyo, yaye njengoko yayekwa ngenxa.

Ngelo xesha, ngabam izindululi solid "Minuteman" afunyanwa ngempumelelo ngakumbi, yaye bathi kungcono. inzuzo yazo zingenakuphikwa lixabiso ephantsi nakakuhle ngokuthembekileyo zikhuselwe imijukujelwa ballistic enjalo eSoviet ukuba akazange abe ngelo xesha efunekayo intshabalalo ukulunga kwabo ibetha.

Ngenxa yale projekthi, ngomhla apho iinjineli American asebenza kuyo 1961, lavalwa, yaye sele iqale ngokusekelwe koololiwe yayo isetyenziselwe ukuthutha efanayo "Minuteman" kubavelisi mveliso izityalo iinqwelwana, apho kwenziwe ukutyalwa wam.

Inguquko olusandukubakho olwenziweyo kule US

wabangela ukuba indalo Melika koololiwe ikwazi ukuthwala izixhobo zenyukliya, yaba ukuvela ngo-1986 kuzo heavy enomjukujelwa enjalo ballistic of isizukulwana esitsha LGM-118A, eyaziwa ngegama layo elifutshane MX.

Ngeli xesha lenyuka kuchaphazela kakhulu isakhono imijukujelwa Soviet eyenzelwe ukutshabalalisa utshaba izindululi ngezikhali. Kulo mba, ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa ephephile MX nokubekwa.

Emva kwengxoxo enkulu phakathi abaxhasi zesithethe wesisele-basiwe kwezinye iindawo kunye kubachasi babo kwizibhambathiso yafikelelwa okukhokelele amahlanu imijukujelwa babekwa zam, kwaye enye phezu kweqonga elitsha, elungiselelwe ngokukodwa le njongo nokwakheka.

Noko ke, oku akuzange ube nekamva. Ekupheleni koo-yokuqala ngenxa utshintsho wentando eziye indawo kwilizwe lethu, iMfazwe Yomlomo yaphela, kwaye inkqubo ukuseka izakhiwo zenyukliya a kaloliwe, baphulukene ukufaneleka kwayo, luvalwe. Okwangoku, izinto ezinjalo abayi kwaye, kuyabonakala ukuba, musa ecetyelwe le minyaka ezayo.

Uphuhliso Elitsha CB "Southern"

Kodwa makhe sibuyele lokhokho. Andiwenzi iinkcukacha wamajoni imfihlelo ukuba uloliwe enyukliya yokuqala USSR waqalisa kumiselwa ngokungqinelana ngokomyalelo neSebe lezoKhuselo, esatyikitywa ngoJanuwari 1969. Ukuqulunqwa kwale projekthi nanto zaphathiswa ofisi yoyilo "South", ngoko azenza oosonzululwazi ezimbini ezibalaseleyo eSoviet - academicians, bazalwana Alexei Fedorovich kunye Vladimir Fodorovich Utkiny. Bayithabatha ke ubungqina iprojekthi entsha.

Ngokutsho kwisicwangciso jikelele, abayila 15P961 "BZHRK kwenziwa" (Battle inkqubo enomjukujelwa kaloliwe) Zazenzelwe ukuziphindezela welinye icala, njengoko ukuhamba kwakhe survivability oluphuculweyo ukuba nethemba lokuba wayeza kuba nako ukusinda xa kuthe ngenxa yesifo ngesiquphe zenyukliya utshaba. Indawo kuphela apho wenza eziyimfuneko izixhobo yayo enomjukujelwa waba Pavlograd Mechanical Plant. Le sayithi ngobuchule ebalulekileyo ezimele ngaloo minyaka phantsi owazenza PO okutshatyalaliswa "Pivdenmash".

Kobunzima kuphuhliso

Xa yakhe, V. F. Utkin wabhala ukuba umsebenzi othunyelweyo kubo iphethe nzima kakhulu. Baya kwa- kwinto yokuba complex kwafuneka ukuba emkhondweni kaloliwe eqhelekileyo, kunye nabanye oololiwe, kwaye eneneni ubunzima nokuba enomjukujelwa enye launcher yalo ikhulu elinamanci mahlanu neetoni.

Abenzi bemeko- prowujekthi kwenqwaba iingxaki ezingenakunyibilika xa efika kuqala. Umzekelo, indlela abeke enomjukujelwa kwi inqwelo kaloliwe, nendlela ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuze ayinike isikhundla nkqo? Indlela ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha zothutho, xa kufikwa ophetheyo yenyukliya? Ngaba ukumelana umthwalo omkhulu wadalwa ngexesha elingaphesheya ekwakhiweni, yimiqolo umgangatho, kaloliwe manzi kunye kwo? Okokugqibela, eme khona ngexesha yokuqala imijukujelwa kaloliwe? Yonke le mibuzo kunye nabayili ezininzi kwafuneka ukufumana iimpendulo ezibanzi kwaye acacile.

Ghost uloliwe, kunye nabo kwezolawulo

Sele kunyaka ozayo isixhobo senyukliya lo loliwe wenziwe imijukujelwa 15ZH61, kwavavanywa kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo zelizwe - ukusuka koozintlango of Central Asia ukuya ezinezinga ezibandayo. amaxesha elinesibhozo waya imizila kaloliwe kweli lizwe, bebase elipheleleyo kwesiqingatha sesigidi kweekhilomitha kunye abakwinqanaba cosmodrome "Plesetsk" yokulwa esazisa amagalelo alo.

Emva kwengoma yokuqala kubonisiwe intshukumo igrafu phantsi inombolo zero, kwaye kwabonakala amawele. Njengoko uqhubeka uvavanyo ngalunye uloliwe ghost wema emsebenzini kwenye regiments enomjukujelwa eli lizwe. Ukhonza abasebenzi bayo yayibandakanya wamajoni asixhenxe.

Amajoni ayivumelekanga. Nokuba ubeka machinists kunye nabancedisi babo zamisa kunye namagosa abo baqeqeshwa ngokukodwa ukuba aqhube uloliwe. izikhali Nuclear icala elifanayo phantsi kweliso elibukhali leengcali. Ngu ekuqaleni kuka-1991 kwi-USSR kwakukho amaqela amathathu enomjukujelwa axhobe imijukujelwa baba zikaloliwe.

Baba inqindi enamandla zenyukliya, ekwaziyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuba awadubadube naluphi na utshaba. Kwanele ukuba ndithi kwisahlulo ngasinye ukuba oololiwe alishumi ethwele imijukujelwa zenyukliya. Kuloo minyaka, iSebe lezoKhuselo ye-USSR ikhoyo kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu. Kumgama oyi-kwiikhilomitha eliwaka ukusuka kwindawo yimiqolo standard regimental yathatyathelw nzima ukumelana rocket uloliwe impahla yenyukliya efuna balumke kakhulu.

kokunqunyaniswa okwexeshana lweenkqubo BZHRK

Iinguqu ezibalulekileyo iindlela besikolo BZHRK yenziwa emva kwentlanganiso M. S. Gorbachova noMargaret Thatcher, ebibanjwe ngo-1991. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ngokutsho sivumelwano sifikelelwayo, akukho Uloliwe ghost akazange ke ukushiya iindawo zazo nokusasazwa ngokusisigxina, usindileyo, kwizikhundla njengeyunithi yokulwa umile. Ngenxa yoko, inani izivumelwano ezisayiniweyo kule minyaka izayo, eRashiya sanyanzeleka ukuba umhlala yonke imijukujelwa ezisekelwe koololiwe kaloliwe, ngaloo ndlela ngokushiya olu hlobo kwezixhobo zobuchule.

"Barguzin" (BZHRK)

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukusilela ngokupheleleyo imijukujelwa Russian, ekhwele koololiwe, ubuncinane ngaphambi kwexesha. Ekupheleni kuka-2013 eendaba ingxelo ukuba ukuphendula inani leenkqubo izixhobo US kwilizwe lethu kuqaliswe umsebenzi ekudalweni koololiwe enomjukujelwa-ethwele.

Ingakumbi kwakukho intetho malunga nophuhliso olutsha, zenziwe ngenxa yokuba ubugcisa, leyo ibizwa ngegama lakhe "Barguzin" (BZHRK). Ngokuba zonke iparameters zayo kwinjongo ezabelwe yona angawi phantsi kuluhlu izithintelo ezibekwe yesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe ye-START-3 kwaye ngoko imveliso yawo abangquzulana nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngokutsho iingxelo, umjukujelwa ephethe warhead yenyukliya kwaye lixhotyiswe warhead reentry ezininzi, icetyelwe ukuba emotweni, bezenze kwifriji uloliwe eqhelekileyo, ukuba ubude ezingamashumi amabini anesine eemitha.

Complex "Barguzin" ibimele ukuba kukuxhobisa ezivuthayo i "yars" ngokuyintloko isekelwe kwiitrektara. Qeqesha ukhankase i inzuzo kulo mzekelo Kucacile. Ukuba Ufakelo komhlaba ngaba ubonwe ngokulula evela emajukujukwini, le nkqubo BZHRK yinto enzima isiphazamiso eqhelekileyo nokuba iimviwo ngakumbi. Ukongeza, ukuhanjiswa inkqubo enomjukujelwa kaloliwe izihlandlo eziliqela zitshiphu emhlabeni, ngokususela kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo iitrektara.

Izinto eziluncedo nezingeloncedo BZHRK

Ekuphetheni ingxoxo malunga iinkqubo kaloliwe enomjukujelwa, kufanelekile ukuba zihlale phezu eziluncedo ngokubanzi eyaziwayo kunye nengeloncedo olu hlobo izixhobo. Phakathi kwezinto zalo zingenakuphikwa iingcali qaphela yokuhamba izithuthi, ekwaziyo ukutshintsha deployment, ukuze zongamele imini phambi amawaka eekhilomitha, amaxesha amaninzi ngaphezu amanani angqinelanayo iitrektara. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo amandla umthwalo eliphezulu uloliwe, kwangaxeshanye ekwaziyo yokuthutha amakhulu eetoni.

Kodwa Awukwazi indiva azalwa ezinye kuneengxaki. Phakathi kwabo simele bonisa ubunzima kunye yokugquma kaloliwe ebangelwe iimpawu uqwalaselo layo, nto leyo yenza lula Ubhaqo ukubunjwa usebenzisa kwesimo satellite mihla. Ngaphezu koko, xa kuthelekiswa ne-silos ukuqeqesha ngaphantsi akhuselwe kwimiphumo lencinibakazi kuqhuma. Kwimeko apho kukho dubulo yenyukliya ethe yaveliswa naphi endhawini, mhlawumbi nokuba yonakele okanye yabhukuqa.

Ekugqibeleni, abaphumeleli elikhulu kaloliwe neesistim yenethiwekhi enomjukujelwa alinakuze kwiimeko ezinjalo banxibe imizila kaloliwe, ukuthintela nokusebenza ngakumbi kokubini BZHRK kunye uloliwe eqhelekileyo. Noko ke, ubuchwepheshe bale mihla ukuvumela ukuba ukusombulula ngempumelelo ezininzi yezi ngxaki, kwaye kukuvulela nethemba kuphuhliso olungaphezulu maxesha koololiwe enomjukujelwa-ethwele.