Ukwakhiwa kwengqondo: cerebellum, imisebenzi

Ukusuka kwi-anatomy siyazi ukuba ingqondo iqulethwe ngamasebe afana ne-oblong, ephakathi, ephakathi, ephezulu kunye nengqondo. Ngaloo ndlela, i-hindbrain iyahlula kwi- bridge ye-variolium kunye ne-cerebellum, isakhiwo kunye nemisebenzi esiza kuyiqwalasela kweli nqaku.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-cerebellum kukho i-hemispheres ezimbini, igumbi eliphakathi kwaye, okubizwa ngokuba yi-worm, ezo ndawo zihlukaniswe yimifuzano efanayo, phakathi kwayo apho kukho i-convolutions, ngelixa iphela isingamakhulu asibhozo anesithandathu. Amaqela e-convolutions enza i-lobes ye-cerebellum, iifolo zayo zizinzile kwaye zidlula kwi-worm ukuya kwi-hemisphere.

I-meander ngayinye yincinci elincinci lento emhlophe, ehlanganiswe ne-grey (corona) enye millimeter ngobukhulu. I-cerebellum, imisebenzi yayo idibene nesakhiwo sayo, inemilenze emancinci (ine-direction to the medulla oblongata), emaphakathi (iqondiswe kwibhuloho) kunye nephezulu (iqondiswe kwi-quadruple). Kudibaniswe nazo zonke ezinye iisebe zesistim se-nervous ngeendlela ezininzi eziqhuba ngayo, apho iziphumo ezivela kwiimisipha, iigaments, i-cortex ye-cerebral kunye ne-tendon zihanjiswa, i-cerebellum iphinde idlulise iimpembelelo ezi zilandelayo kumasebe eNdibano yesiZwe. Ngaloo ndlela, le nxalenye yengqondo ithatha inxaxheba kwimimiselo yokusebenza kwemoto, yenza ukuba uhambo luchaneke, lube luhle kwaye lube luhlu.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba njengelungu elingena kwinkqubo yolawulo lwemishukumo, i-cerebellum yomsebenzi yenza oku kulandelayo:

1) ukulawulwa kwetoni yomzimba kunye nesimo somzimba;

2) ukulungelelaniswa kokuhamba ngokukhawuleza.

3) ukulungelelaniswa kwezinto ezihambelanayo;

Yonke le misebenzi ifanelekile ichithwe ngokuhambelana nokuhlelwa kwamasebe e-cerebellum. Makhe siqwalasele ngokucacileyo yintoni imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-cerebellum, ngakumbi, ngalinye ngamasebe ayo.

Isibungu sinxulumene nokulawula ukulinganisela komzimba, ithoni kunye nokuhamba. Ngulo mhlaba ofumana ulwazi malunga nombuso kunye nesimo sendawo ye-apparatus, emva koko emva kokucwangciswa kwayo imiyalelo ethile ithunyelwa kwi- device vestibular. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukususwa kwesibindi se-cerebellum kukhokelela ekunyuseni kwetoni ye-extensors, kukho ukuphazamiseka kokulinganisela, ukulungelelanisa, isikhungo sokukhawuleza, kunye ne-ataxia eyenzekayo.

Isebe eliphakathi lijongene nokunyakaza okujoliswe kuyo kunye nokulungiswa kwabo, kwakunye nokukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokuhamba. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwakhe kukukhokelela kwi-hypermetry, ukungalingani.

I-hemispheres ye-cerebellum ibangela ukuba kwenzeke ngokukhawuleza, ngokuqinisekileyo ukunyakaza okuhambayo ngokuzimela ngaphandle kolwazi oluvela emthonjeni womthambo. Ezi ntshukumo zingabonwa kwimidlalo okanye xa zidlala izixhobo zomculo. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo mmandla wengqondo kubangela ukubonakala kwe-ataxia yeengalo, ukuthuthumela, ukulahleka, ukuxhatshazwa kwemisipha kunye neengcamango.

Ngoku kutshanje, izazinzulu ziye zaboniswa ukuba i-cerebellum yomsebenzi inomnye, umzekelo, kwinqanaba elithile elijongene nokusebenza kwezitho kunye nezicubu. Ukuba ususa i-cerebellum, kuya kubakho ukuphulwa komsebenzi weentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi, inkqubo yokuphefumula, iphepheni yesisu.

Ngaloo ndlela, kwakhona siphawula ukuba i-cerebellum, imisebenzi yayo echaza ubunjani be-pathology xa iphazamiseka, ibandakanyeka kumgaqo wezitho zangaphakathi. Ukutshatyalaliswa kwalo kubangela ukuba kubonakale iimpawu ezisisiseko njenge-asthenia (ubuthakathaka beemisipha), i-astasia (ukuthuthumela kwemisipha) kunye ne-atony (ukubuthathaka kwetoni ye-muscle). Kananjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kunokwenzeka ukugcina ukuphuhliswa kwemeko - ukulahleka kokuchaneka kwentembeko, i-ataxia - gait deformation, adiadochokinesis - ukulahleka kwamandla okwenza ulandelelwano lweentshukumo.

Ngaloo ndlela, i-cerebellum yenza imisebenzi emininzi eqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi oqhelekileyo womzimba. Ukongezelela ekusebenzisaneni nokuhamba, lulawula umsebenzi wezitho zangaphakathi kunye neenkqubo zomntu.