Amalungu oluntu lokugaya

Amagumbi okugaya abantu enze enye yemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-physiology: badla ukutya, aguqula amandla, akhululwe izondlo kwaye asuse inkunkuma kwimisebenzi ebalulekileyo yomzimba. Qaphela ukuba yonke le mi sebenzi ihambelana ngokusesikweni kunye nezinye iinkqubo zesebe ezisebenza ngendlela edibeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkqubo yokugcoba indima ebalulekileyo idlalwe ngamalungu enkqubo yomjikelezo womntu - anikezelwa ngokucebileyo yonke inkqubo yokutya. Emva koko, ligazi elifumana izinto zokutya kwaye lithwale kuwo wonke umzimba.

Izitho zomzimba zomntu zingahlula zibe zimbini iintlobo-ezisisiseko kunye nabancedisi. Eziphambili zizo zihambelana ngqo nokufumana, ukugaya kunye nokuhoxiswa kokutya okuvela emzimbeni. Ukuba uncedisayo unobuncwane (i-salivary ne-pancreatic), isibindi, i-gall bladder. Ezi zitho zogcino zoluntu zifakela ezinjalo i-enzymes, ngaphandle kweyiphi inkqubo yokugcoba kungenakwenzeka.

Isakhiwo senkqubo yokugaya inyama sisinzima kakhulu, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabo. Uqala inkqubo yokutya okuvela emlonyeni - nantsi kukho ukupakisha okuphambili kokutya ngamazinyo kunye namathe. I-saliva yabelwe ngeengqungquthela ze-parotidi, ezicatshulwa kunye ne-submandibular. Ngoncedo lwee-enzyme eziqulethwe ematheni, ukutya kuqala ukugonywa kakade kwisigidi somlomo - oko kuthiwa inkqubo yokuqala ye-hydrolysis yokugaya i-carbohydrates. Emva koko ukutya kukungena emqaleni, ukusuka apho kuya kwindawo. I-esophagus ityhubhu ende edibanisa emnyango wesisu kunye ne- pylorus-muscle, okuthintela ukutya ukuba uphonswe emuva kwi-esophagus. Ngokuqhelekileyo le ndawo isaphuhliswa kakubi kubantwana, edla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngomthombo we-reflex.

Ukungena esiswini, ukutya kudlula kwisigaba esilandelayo sokutya. Apha kukho i- hydrolysis yamaprotheni kunye nefuthe. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokugaya igqithise ngokwempawu kwaye iphelele, iindonga zesisu zidibanisa i-enzyme ezikhethekileyo zokugaya, ezifana ne-hydrochloric acid, njl njl. Ukongezelela kwisisu, i-enzyme ikhutshwe kunye ne-accessory gland-pancreas. Emva kokuba ukutya kudlule unyango olufunekayo esiswini, ludlula emathunjini.

Umzimba omncinci ungomnye umzimba obumba ukutya. I-duodenum ithatha ukutya ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka esiswini kwaye ilapha apho amaninzi amanqatha aguzwa yi-enzyme ye-gallbladder, inqumlayo evula kwi-duodenum.

Amathumbu amancinci anikezela ukutya ngokuqhubekayo, lonke ixesha eliqhuba ngayo nge-chyme - into ekhethekileyo. Isigaba sokugqibela sokugaya ukutya kwezinto zokugaya inyama kwenzeka kwiimbrane zeeseli zamathambo amancinci. Apha, i-oligosaccharides, i-amino acids, i-monosaccharides, i-acids acids ifakwe kwigazi. Izidlo zokutya, ezingenakucinywa, zidlule emathunjini amakhulu. Kodwa ukuhlukana kunye nokuxhamla emathunjini amakhulu akwenzeki ukuba kwenzeke, kodwa ukutya kukhululeke kakhulu kumanzi. Ukutya okugqinsiweyo ngokukhawuleza kuya kuba yinkomo. Ngexesha lokusondela kwi-pulp - i-muscle edibeneyo, uxoshe umxube ngaphandle kwe-sphincter-i-press presses kwiindonga ze-intestine kwaye ibangela ukuvakalelwa.

Izitho zokutya zomntu ziyinkqubo emangalisayo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo abasemngciphekweni. Kuninzi kuxhomekeke kukutya okugonywayo. Ngelishwa, abahlali bezidolophu badla ngokutya okukhawulezayo, okuhlwayikayo (ngenxa yezongezo zokunambitheka), kodwa kungenasiphelo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kukutya okunobungozi. Kwaye amaGrike asendulo-awaziwayo-ke athi: "Siyinto esiyidlayo," kugxininisa ukubaluleka kokutya ebomini babantu. Kufanelekile ukucinga malunga ...