Ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino. ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule amandla

ukusetyenziswa eyongayo namhlanje umbane isekelwe phezu kusetyenziso lweeteknoloji eyiyo. Xa iimeko mihla umba iye mlonyeni kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukunyuka umthamo lamashishini ezahlukeneyo. Okulandelayo cinga into eyenza ukusetyenziswa kakuhle amandla.

isicwangciso soshishino

Xa ekuphuhliseni izicwangciso zexesha elide yonke imveliso ingqalelo ngokuyintloko ebiziwe, kwaye isixa umthamo umthwalo. Enye into ebaluleke kakhulu yesicwangciso amashishini sisabelo mali eyinkunzi kwi yotshintsho kwiminyaka ezayo. Kuba abaphathi ezininzi eyiyo yokusetyenziswa kwamandla kukuba emazantsi. Noko ke, ukungxamiseka le ngxaki kwenza ukuba banikele ingqalelo. Yotshintsho umthamo lobuchwepheshe kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle lwamandla kufuneka kungqinelane kunye nesicwangciso sobuchule ishishini. Kungenjalo, oko kunokubangela ukuba ukungalingani kwenkcitho, nto leyo, lugcwele ukungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neenjongo zalo ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso.

Ukusetyenziswa kombane kwezolimo

Namhlanje, njengoko iingcali uqaphele, ukuphunyezwa amanyathelo lweshishini-okonga ukuba zange iphunyezwe. Ukwandisa izinga ucikizeko lwezi umbane kwicandelo lezolimo - ingumzamo elikhulu ezintsonkothileyo. Lo mbuzo ngokusondeleyo ukuya ingxaki yokuphucula umgangatho kwaye kuphuculwe ukhuseleko ubonelelo. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo ihlawulwe kwiingcali bacebisa ukuncitshiswa ilahleko amandla kunye nophuhliso amanyathelo ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuzinzileyo. Le misebenzi kunye nezisombululo kufuneka kunyanzeleka ukuba zibandakanywe kwisicwangciso sobuchule ishishini.

Ukubiza

Le yingozi yokwanda kweendleko lweshishini zingaphunyezwa ngokusebenzisa isicwangciso ngokwezigaba ukuze amandla kunye yotshintsho zeteknoloji kweendawo zemveliso zalathisi eyaziwayo iindleko kunye nomthamo kwemveliso. Ukuphunyezwa kwale nkqubo kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo iimpawu imveliso, ubude ubukho yenkampani.

izixhobo uphelelwe

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuze kuphunyezwe iinkqubo ezithembisayo imali isebenza ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso ilungileyo wayeza indawo kangangexesha elide esebenza izityalo amandla. Uninzi lwabo asebenze amashishini iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15. izixhobo ezidala kufakwe ezitsha, ingakumbi kwibhoyila luphawulwa ngamandla aphezulu, engafunwanga namhlanje. Ingxaki idala kudala Ufakelo kakhulu ukucola kuphuhliso lwamashisini mihla. Umsebenzi izixhobo ugugile ayifuni utyalo mali enkulu. Kodwa ngenxa kukuwohloka breakage ukukrazuka kwenzeka ngamathuba athile. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni inkqubo yokuvelisa elula. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda iindleko ukulondolozwa, ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kweekhomponenti. Kulo mzekelo, kukholelwa ukuba uyalibazisa notyalo-mali Ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo uya konga imali yenkampani. Noko ke, njengokuba kusenziwa imiboniso, ngenxa yeendleko nje licuthwa nje kuphela, kodwa anda.

Ukuqaliswa Iiprojekthi ixesha elide

Ngokuqhelekileyo, izicwangciso ezibandakanya ukusetyenziswa ngokuyimpumelelo kwazo umbane, beqala ukuba waqonda ngokungqinelana nenkqubo jikelele ngenxa yotshintsho zonke izixhobo. Formation of iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuphunyezwa kweeprojekthi ezinjalo kuxa ulawulo yenkampani ekucwangciseni iindleko kwemveliso uyakuqonda ngqo inqanaba ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo. Ngokukodwa, sithabathela ingqalelo ukuba ukusetyenziswa kombane. Kule meko, ulawulo uzama ukufumana iindlela ezininzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuncinane imali eninzi ukuze ugcine. Lo msebenzi wenza inyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo-qhinga yenkampani. Ukuphunyezwa kwe-project kuhlanganisa umsebenzi fronts eziliqela, isisombululo kwemisebenzi emitsha, lunzima kakhulu. Emva kokuba afike iithagethi ezintsha iziphumo eziyimfuneko kwinqanaba lokuqala. Bunika ulawulo iindleko dyondzisaka kunye nolawulo iindleko ukulungiselela ukusetyenziswa kombane. Emva koko izotywe kwaye yaphunyezwa endaweni izixhobo ezidala kunye neenkqubo ezininzi mihla. Amaxesha amaninzi, oku kufuna utyalo ngemali.

Ukubaluleka izibalo

ngendlela Energy kuyafikelelwa ukuba yotshintsho izixhobo ephambili kule nkampani wenziwe kunye ucazululo umthamo kunye ifoun izicelo lweshishini resource. Eyona nto efunekayo yenkqubo kule meko ukubalwa amandla ombane kwamaxabiso imveliso eyenziweyo. Kwicandelo ngalinye, yinto eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, icandelo amandla kushishino intsimbi i - 40%, obunjineli boomatshini - 20%, nokuveliswa kwamanzi - 30%, njalo njalo. Le inani ukuze kungabi kubi. Noko ke, kule imeko, ukusetyenziswa smart umbane kolu shishino ukuphuhlisa umthamo imveliso olongezelelweyo. Kule undersupply kwezibonelelo amaxesha amaninzi iza kudlula iindleko zalo.

indlela eyiyo Guide umbane

Eyona njongo iphambili yale nkampani, uzabalazela mihla, ukunciphisa inkunkuma resource umi onke amanqanaba enkqubo kunye phakathi kwezityalo. Olufanelekileyo, ukuwudlulisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane ukunika inkqubo uninterruptible yenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

1. inkqubo yonikezelo isakhiwo ezifanekileyo ekwakhiweni ngokutsha. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa:

- yombane enengqondo;

- lilonke inani zinguquko;

- indawo PS indawo;

- inombolo kunye ngamandla abaguquli kwi sezitishana;

- imbuyekezo amandla lovukelo;

- unikezelo mbane zeesekethe, njalo-njalo.

2. Ukunciphisa ilahleko kwi iinkqubo ezikhoyo. Oku kuquka:

- umthetho Ingozi;

- ulawulo nokuphathwa kweendlela yokusebenzisa amandla;

- ukuncitshiswa iduma of balwamkele;

- Ukuphuculwa ezikhoyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ngakumbi mihla, olusebenzayo noluthembakeleyo zombane kunye nenkqubo;

- ukusebenzisa iindlela ezingcono ukulawula iindlela zokusebenza anoomatshini bokungenisa kunye sokumpompa amanzi;

- Ukufakelwa kolawulo oluzenzekelayo izibane ngexesha lasemini;

- ukunyusa umgangatho amandla ;

- isicelo imo ngokupheleleyo nokusebenza transformers amandla.

3. Ukwabiwa umbane, uphuhliso lwemigangatho zesayensi-based ukutyiwa amandla ezithile iyunithi yemveliso nganye. Ukuze kufikelelwe kule njongo le nkampani kufuneka asebenzise i ulawulo olulodwa kunye nenkqubo accounting.

4. lomncono, ngokungqinelana ne apho ukuveliswa, ukudluliselwa kunye nokusebenzisa umbane. Baza kucinga kuqala kwi ufakelo ngamnye kunye neeyunithi, ukuhamba ngokuthe ngcembe ukuya ezivenkileni, kwaye ke lonke ukuya lweshishini yonke.

5. Amanyathelo kweSebe kunye nobugcisa. uphuhliso lwabo ikhutshwa phandle kuthathelwa ingqalelo ezi nkcukacha yeshishini elithile.

kulahlekelwa bubomi

Zonke izicwangciso zifakiwe kwinkqubo yonikezelo, kuquka abaguquli kunye imigca, resistances ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa umbane eyenziwe ilahleko zayo. Uninzi lwabo kwenzeka abaguquli kunye nemigca. izibalo zeprakhtikhali ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa kuthathelwa ingqalelo iilahleko kule miba le nkqubo. Iilahleko kwi engathi sombane, imicwe kunye neengcingo ke ngokomlinganiselo isikweri yangoku umthwalo elibaleka kubo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni igama labo - umthwalo. Baya Kwakhona ukubizwa ngokuba nesebenzayo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba ngoku umthwalo kudla utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha.

amanyathelo nkampani

Ngenxa yokwanda ukusetyenziswa kunye uqhagamshelo kwinethiwekhi izibonelelo ezitsha kunye nokwandisa nelahleko. Xa amandla electric nezityalo izibalo ngendlela zenziwa. Ngokutsho iziphumo zabo, ukwenza izinto ezinegalelo ukunciphisa ilahleko xa kuyimfuneko. Abo main zibandakanya:

• Ukugcinwa phezu iibhasi 10 kV kunye 0.38 kV sezitishana okanye iziqendu ezili-10 / 0.4 sezitishana distribution kV sombane 110 ... 35/10 kV kwinqanaba ombane ngokupheleleyo.
• imithwalo phase Ulungelelaniso kwi uthungelwano ombane we 0.38 kV.
• Ukukhetha amacandelo ukuvulwa ngokupheleleyo lwelayini ezihamba (imigca projektha) kunye ombane ka-10 ... 35 kW ngamandla-kabini ezimbini.
• Ikhubaza transformer enye imithwalo kwimo sezitishana ezincinane sombane-mbini, kwaye sezitishana nomthwalo onyaka.
• Ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kombane ngenxa yokusebenzisa PS yakhe.
• Ukwehla ngokwemiqathango ulondolozo kunye nokulungiswa switchgears, abaguquli kunye nemigca.

amanyathelo technical

amanyathelo ombutho, ngokunjalo iindlela zokuphucula iinkqubo accounting ngokuqhelekileyo musa kufuna imali ebonakalayo start-up. Kule meko, ukuba Kusoloko kucetyiswa ukuba bafeze. Kunye izinto ezifanayo zobugcisa Kuthi ezahlukeneyo. Bona ezinxulumene utyalo-mali olongezelelweyo. Phakathi amanyathelo technical ifanele ukubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• Ukubeka capacitors emile, iibhetri, izixhobo uhlengahlengiso ngamandla oluzenzekelayo.
• Ukutshintshwa abaguquli ngumthwalo yaye underloaded ngayo kwizikhululo abathengi.
• Ukufakelwa kwezixhobo RTP kunye ombane adjustable phantsi komthwalo.
• Ukutshintshwa imigca igcwele na iingcingo, kuquka amasebe ukusuka imigca phezulu kwizakhiwo.
• uthungelwano yokuguqulelwa ombane rated.

imbuyekezo amandla lovukelo

Esi siganeko ithathwa kakhulu ngempumelelo. Umgaqo sembuyekezo capacitor ngaxeshanye, waqukumbela oku kulandelayo: inxalenye umbane ezosulela, lovukelo, ingakumbi, ichithwa umsebenzi ngomatshini okanye ubushushu. It yenza kuphela nje selo amandla, leyo umthombo Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye ngumamkeli ukunxibelelana nabanye. Kodwa ke ngoku enye, okuhambelana ngamandla lovukelo wacanda umgca transmission le, afune ukulahleka. Le ngxaki, kunjalo, ingasombululwa. Ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza omkhulu kwezoqoqosho iibhetri ekondensa xa uthungelwano ombane we 0.38 kV kufuneka anezixhobo ngamaxesha candelo umthwalo omkhulu izidubuli akufuneki leyo ngaphezulu kwe 0,33, abathengi babe ombane wayengekho ngaphantsi kwe-0, 95.

Transformers ne OLTC

Ukuzibekela kubo 110 ... 35/10 kV inika ukusetyenziswa kombane kushishino, kungekuphela ilahleko ncinane, kodwa kwakhona ngqo kubathengi kwi imveliso yomahluko nganye ezinga malungu abantu in kwempixano. Ngenxa ukungangqinelani phakathi lukwazi eliqikelelwayo kwaye ngokwenene abanye abaguquli zifakiwe kwi-network esebenza ngayo underload. Le yokukhulisa umthwalo kwala macandelo akunakwenzeka ukuba kuphela lowo akabanga nabuganga ukusetyenziswa okungekho mthethweni amandla yombane ngokudibanisa kubo. abaguquli ezinjalo kunilungele ukuba indawo izixhobo ezinamandla kangako. Ilahleko ye no-umthwalo ziza kuncitshiswa, yaye engathi - landa. Inoku engqondweni, omnye Ungabala umthwalo isiphelo transformer kufakwa womnatha apho kufakwe isixhobo enamandla kuyancipha ezifanelekileyo.

bandwidth Network

indyebo yalo lwenziwa yi ulwakhiwo sezitishana ezintsha kunye nemigca. Kwakhona kwiseti amanyathelo esibandakanya ukutshintshwa zonke iingcingo nekhabhoni ngexesha kuphuhliso uthungelwano ngokungqinelana iiprojekthi ezizodwa. ES yasemaphandleni Translation kwi phezulu ombane rated liqhuba kuphela emigceni amandla ombane ayi-10 kV endaweni 6 kV. ukusetyenziswa eyiyo umbane kwindawo yokuqala kubandakanya ukuphucula intsebenzo receiver. izibalo eziyimfuneko zobuchwephesha kufuneka kwenzelwa lonke kwempahla. Oko kukuthi, kufuneka afake isicelo imveliso kunye transmission, kunye nokusetyenziswa kombane.

Ukwabiwa

Kwakhona kubaluleke kakhulu. Lo mqathango ubonelela ukumiselwa kwemigangatho ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo ezithile. Ukuqinisekisa imali ngegunya kunokwenzeka kuphela ngokusebenzisa uphuhliso lwemigangatho ezintsha, inzululwazi-based. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kule meko umbandela kunye nokusekwa kweenkqubo awahlawulele ukwaneliseka phezu-inzaliseko nemimiselo. Imigaqo Ukusebenzisa umbane kuyimfuneko ukuba ubuyekeze nokuphucula notshintsho kwiinkqubo imveliso, uqeqesho lwabasebenzi, ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo wesimanje emsebenzini. Lo msebenzi luxanduva abaqeshwa unit zabo. imithetho ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ezo zifunyenwe ngexesha ukubala, kuba inyanzelekile ukujonga kwishishini. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthi wenze umlinganiselo ixesha elithile (ixesha lomsebenzi, ngonyaka, njalo njalo. D.) Ngexesha ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo lweshishini. Ukwabiwa zinokuphunyezwa kuphela ukusetyenziswa kwamandla iimeko ebhaliswe kwishishini.

Iitshati ukulayisha

Ngaphandle kwabo, ukusetyenziswa clever amandla akunakwenzeka. Ukuzimisela abaguquli bandwidth, iintambo ezinye iinethiwekhi lwenziwa ngokungqinelana umthwalo aphezulu rated. Le yangoku ngaphezulu kugqitha phezu kwabo iziqalelo nkqubo kulo nyaka, mhla nelo xesha, kokukhona baya inxaxheba. Ngako oko, le ukusebenza mbane kuya kuba ngaphezulu. Ukuziqhelisa, igrafu ngqo isoloko ezahlukeneyo ukusuka efanelekileyo ukuba ngexesha ixesha elininzi ngezantsi umthamo yoyilo lo.