Yokubolekisa ngokutsha Witte - imfihlelo yempumelelo yoBukhosi baseRashiya kwibakala lehlabathi

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, S. Yu. Vitte wayengomnye abalungiseleli ezemali kakhulu nempumelelo kwimbali yoBukhosi baseRashiya. A ngokutsha yemali Witte negalelo kuphuhliso lorhwebo imveliso ngokusebenzisa yokuhlangabezana zebhanki kunye eyinkunzi mveliso kunye nokuphelisa emali. Noko ke, udumo lwakhe lukhulu kakhulu wazisa wenguquko ezintsha yakhe yokuqala enxulumene ukusekwa ububange ekuthengisweni iziselo ezinxilisayo 1894. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-1894 yaye de 1902, eli utshintsho Witte zandisa kwibhajethi 16 Izihlandlo yengeniso.

Xa urhulumente IsiRashiya ukuya ukuqinisekisa ukuba irhafu kwenzeka utshintsho nje zijongene uncedo eshotayo mali, kodwa kwakhona negalelo ekunciphiseni yokusela, kwagqitywa ukuqhuba isigaba sesibini utshintsho, ngexesha apho irhafu ngqo kwi separafini, icuba, iswekile, yaye imidlalo landile ukuya 1, 5 amaxesha. iinguqu Witte zaye ayiphelelanga "ukuphuza" iinguqu, kwaye zibandakanya nokungeniswa irhafu indlu, irhafu yorhwebo enzuzweni zamashishini, kwakunye nokwanda zokuqokelelwa iidiphozithi yebhanki. Kodwa ke impumelelo ebalulekileyo uMphathiswa wezeMali Witte ka Russia ithathwa ukuba utshintsho ukusuka ezisasazwa iphepha-kwamaxabiso emali kwi-standard yegolide.

Ukuhlaziywa wemali Witte kucingelwa nokuzinziswa kwenkqubo wemali kwelo lizwe ukusekwa elingana engange yegolide. Imfuneko yokuba loo amanyathelo angqongqo ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha kwakukho emngciphekweni omkhulu ekuweni imali Russian, ngenxa yokuba isantya sokunyuka esemthethweni franc French lajongwa-1 ukuya ku-4, yaye practice akukho ngaphezulu kwe-1 ku-2.5. Ukuhlaziywa yemali Witte aphambukele lwemali olomeleleyo engange, nto leyo ebe negalelo ekuphuculeni investment imozulu kweli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, ngenkulungwane yama-20, bekukho nokwanda ibonwe ezoshishino noqoqosho kuwo onke amacandelo ezoqoqosho eRashiya.

Ekungeneni investment angaphandle de ekuqaleni imfazwe landa minyaka 150 mln. Engange, lo gama i-pre-guqula, yena kuphela 100 mln. Hlikihla. ngenxa kozinzo inkqubo yemali yeli lizwe. Ukuhlaziywa wemali Witte kucingelwa ukuba imali engange iqulethe 7,66656 iigram zegolide yebhanki amanqaku ehlambulukileyo ezibe ejikeleza kumhlaba karhulumente Russian, ngesisa kwaneso intsimbi axabisekileyo izinga ebhengeziweyo.

Ngosuku olwandulela engange zegolide iMfazwe Yehlabathi I yaba enye imali inokuthenjwa ehlabathini kwaye ngokukhululekileyo ekunokurhwetywa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Le Russia livunyelwe nje ukuba angene kwimalike zangaphandle kunye nokutsala inkunzi entsha, kodwa ukomeleza ubudlelwane ezopolitiko kunye namazwe aphambili ixesha. Kwaye nangona ekuqaleni utshintsho umthetho ezibonwe kakhulu kakubi, kuba zibambene bamazwe izandla ekugqibeleni Witte negalelo kuphuhliso karhulumente iye nok mbali kunye noqoqosho. Namhlanje eli xesha kwimbali Russian ifundwa iinkcukacha kwizifundo ezininzi, ababhali ngaphakathi kunye nangaphandle, kunye nohlaziyo Witte ithathwa umzekelo ezintsha luncedo njani yaye kufuneka kwenziwe ngaphandle kwelahleko kuluntu.