Yabemi Ethiopia. Inani kunye nengxinano yabemi Ethiopia. Iiklasi labantu Ethiopian

Yabemi Ethiopia inhomogeneous ngokwemiqathango ubume zobuhlanga nonqulo, yaye umdla omkhulu abaphandi, iingcali ngemvelaphi kunye ethnologists. Ikusasa yembali yalo mmandla kwelizwekazi i-Afrika bavela nzima kakhulu. Kangangamakhulu eminyaka, eli lizwe kuphuhliswe kumazwe emangalisayo abameli zezizwe zasekuhlaleni ngabahlaseli ezingaqhelekanga, abafuduki mbuya. Yabemi Ethiopia nto ibalasele ngamandla kukuba ngokudibanisa amaqela onqulo ukuba ehlabathini lonke umbono ziintshaba ezingenanceba ubuKristu, ubuSilamsi, ubuYuda kunye emahlelweni yemveli.

izibalo

Ethiopia - elinye lamazwe eyona ndawo inabantu e-Afrika (abantu 77 macala Km nganye.). Ngelo xesha linye i-75% yabantu bebekelwa kwiindawo ezisemantla kunye eyintloko yelizwe.

• Inani labemi Ethiopian likhula ngokukhawuleza, ngo-2014 sasifana ngaphezulu kwama-90, yaye kwiminyaka elishumi ngaphambi koko, ngo-2004 - abantu yezigidi kuphela 67 .. Kumantla kwilizwekazi inani elikhulu labantu abahlala kuphela eYiputa.
• Ngomhla kwintsimi lizwe likhaya amaqela angaphezulu kwe-80 yobuhlanga, ezinye enamakhulu kwizizwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Alawulwa yi inani abantu Oromo kunye Amhara.

• Esi sixeko sikhulu kwaye kunezizwana Ethiopia - kuba likomkhulu Addis Ababa kunye Dire Dawa, Harer. Ukuxinana yabemi Ethiopia ibisoloko yeli. isixeko enabantu ixinene kakhulu, kwaye abantu aba ipesenti encinane.

Yabemi Ethiopia: ipateni lobuzwe

Phakathi kweentlanga ezininzi abahlala Ethiopia, kwaqaqambisa amaqela ezona zininzi kunye nempembelelo yobuhlanga. Oku egqubayo kweli lizwe ye-Amhara kunye Oromo, kwakunye namanye amaqela ezimbalwa.

Amhara. Xa eli qela uhlanga ongumnini malunga 1/3 wamaTiyopiya. indawo Ukuphila - kumntla iziko eli lizwe, iindawo obhudlayo yommandla Gonder, iinduna kunye Gojam. Kungenxa ulwimi kunye nenkcubeko Amhara uhlanga elingumTiyopiya kwakhiwa. Namhlanje Amhara kwenza uninzi lwabantu ezidolophini.

uhlanga unique

Amhara Ethiopia ziyingxenye uhlanga ekhethekileyo - uhlobo lotshintsho phakathi iintlanga Negroid kunye Caucasoid. baqala ethnos Formation, ngokutsho imithombo yembali, ngeenxa kwinkulungwane XIII. Inkoliso ye-Amhara - monophysites amaKristu akwi kwiCawa yobuOthodoki elingumTiyopiya yasekuhlaleni. Ke phakathi kwabo uyakwazi ukuhlangabezana amalungu nezinye iimvaba zamaKristu kunye Muslims.

Eyona umsebenzi yabantu Ethiopian, ingakumbi Amhara, ngokusekelwe zokulima ikhuba neenkomo zizalele nakuzo. On izitiya zemifuno nisela nemiyezo ezityaliweyo iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zasekuhlaleni kunye amazwe kwezinye amazwekazi ukutya okuziinkozo, imifuno kunye neziqhamo. Amhara Abantu zizala iinkomo kunye nemfuyo encinane, iinkukhu, ukufuywa. Yezandla kuphuhliswa kwiindawo ezifana blacksmithing, zomdongwe, ukwaluka, isikhumba kunye neemveliso ithambo, wickerwork, jewellery. Kule mihla, ingakumbi kwiidolophu ezinkulu, abemi Ethiopia nekuhlala efanayo njengoko izigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke: umsebenzi iimveliso okanye iinkonzo.

Isizwe yamandulo Oromo

Oromo (igama endala - Galla). Eli qela uhlanga ke yesibini ngobukhulu, kodwa ke ngaphantsi yohlobo olunye kakhulu Amhara. izizwe ezahlukahlukeneyo njengenxalenye Oromo azikho nje isiko, kodwa unqulo uninzi lwamalungu, uhlobo lezopolitiko ubomi yombutho, uqoqosho kunye nezentlalo

Oromo lilifa kushitoyazychnoy labantu Ethiopian. Xa baba mbuya, kwaye indawo yokuhlala yabo ise emazibukweni kumzantsi-mpuma lizwe. Kwinkulungwane XVI behlasela inxaxheba Oromo kwi zokuhlala Amhara, kancinane abantu zomthonyama ekude. Ngelo xesha, i Oromo baba abahedeni, abalandeli iinkolelo zesithethe uhlanga. Emva kokuba ngokuhlaselwa Ethiopia, abaninzi kubo aguqulwa abe Islam, liqaqobana kuguqukela kubuKristu. Okunye ukutshintsha unqulo abasemathanga zangaphambili kwavusa ithemba yaphakade iwonga ekuhlaleni kwaye ufumane isikhundla eburhulumenteni. Nanamhla oku, phakathi Oromo ndafumana abaxhasi namahlelo langaphambi kobuKristu.

Namhlanje i Oromo ngabona labemi kwinxalenye esempuma kwiinduli Ethiopia. Xa ngasezantsi nendawo eyayihlala uluntu ngokungenamkhethe enkulu lwamadlelo ukuba kusekho ngqo le ndlela yokuphila. Baqhuba i nqulo akudala deifying umhlaba kanye kunye nesibhakabhaka, ngokutsho primogenitor yayo edume Oromo, ogama kwaye igama uhlanga. yemveli yoluntu Oromo yahlulwe iindidi, ngokuxhomekeke umsebenzi, isini kunye ilungu leqela yobudala.

Somalia

Olu hlanga ngaphambili kudityaniswe abantu Somalia, ngoku yahlulwe ngamaqela amabini sub-uhlanga:

• somale,
• sub (saliphilela iindawo emazantsi eli lizwe).

Zonke baseSomalia iqela kushitoyazychnoy. Ngokwembali kuphuhliswa indawo abahlala apho - kuba ngaphandle eziyimiqwebedu yasempumalanga womzantsi-mpuma Ethiopia (ummandla Ogaden, kunye nabanye.). Kule abangamaSomali kuhlale kufutshane uluntu kumda Kenya, Djibouti kunye Somalia ngokwayo ngaphandle kwi Amhara kunye Oromo.

nezinye izizwe

Agau. Xa omkhulu ekuhlaleni yobuhlanga, abahlala kwimimandla yaseTopiya. Ngexesha langoku Agau kufakwe phantse ngokupheleleyo yi-Amhara. Agau ulwimi ababekolo iqela Cushitic.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, Agau, kwinto walondoloza ungubani abalulo, bahlala kumantla Lake Tana. Phakathi Agau kukho ezimbini zonqulo ihlelo nakolu - kuba amaYuda (uhlobo Falasha), kunye Kemet. Le yokugqibela ifumaneka kuphela Ethiopia kwaye unqulo oluntsonkothileyo syncretic: apho kuvela iziqalelo ze izithethe zobuhedeni zemveli, ubuKristu nobuYuda. Ukongeza, le nto ihlelo Kemet uhlala imfihlakalo bangaphandle, kodwa ukuba isicelo Kemet umntu akazange azalwe etikitini ukukholwa, akunakwenzeka.

Gurage. Kuba amaqela ezinkulu nobuhlanga Ethiopia nazo izizwe Semitic Gurage, ngokwesiko abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo.

Tigray. Iqela labantu kufutshane kakhulu Amhara, inzala yempucuko Axumite. Bahlala umntla-kwiinduli Ethiopia.

Kubonakala ngathi ngokubanzi, yabemi Ethiopia. kumazwe ezahlukeneyo beentlanga, iinkolo kunye neentlanga okuluphawu beli lizwe North-Afrika. imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu mTiyopiya ezahlukeneyo. A nokwakhiwa labemi iphakathi kakhulu kumazwe owahlukeneyo Abase.