Bala Vorontsov Mikhail Semenovich: biography, isithombe, intsapho

Count Vorontsov Mikhail Semenovich - u-stateman owaziwayo, umlawuli-jikelele-jikelele-jikelele, umphathi-ntlanzi, inkulu (ukususela ngo-1845); I-Bessarabian kunye neNovorossiysk granari-jikelele; Ilungu leSt. Petersburg Scientific Academy. Wabenelela ekwakhiweni kwe-Odessa kwaye yaphuhlisa ummandla wezoqoqosho. Kule nqaku uza kuboniswa nge-biography yakhe emfutshane.

Abazali

Abazali be-Field Marshal - Semyon Romanovich kunye no- Ekaterina Alekseevna (intombi ye-Admiral Senyavin AN) batshata ngo-1781. Ngomhla ka-Meyi 1782 babenendodana, uMikhail, kunye nentombi kaCatherine kamva. Kodwa ulonwabo lwentsapho yaseVorontsovs aluzange luhlale ixesha elide. U-Ekaterina Alekseevna wafa ngo-Agasti 1784 emva kokugula. USemyon Romanovich akazange aphinde ashade aze atshintshe konke uthando lwakhe olungenasiphelo kwintombi yakhe nendodana yakhe.

Ngo-Meyi 1785, uVerontsov SR wathuthela eLondon ngomsebenzi. Wayengumfundisi wepenipotentiary, oko kukuthi, wayengummeli eNgilani esuka eRashiya. Ngoko iBritani enkulu yaba yindlu yesibili yeMikhail encinane.

Kufunda

USemyon Romanovich walandela ngokucophelela uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yonyana wakhe. Wazama ukumlungiselela ngendlela efanelekileyo ukuze akhonze ilizwe lakhe. Uyise wale nkwenkwe wayeqinisekile ukuba into ebaluleke kakhulu ngumyalelo omhle wolwimi lwakhe kunye nolwazi lwembali kunye neencwadi zaseRashiya. Ixesha elizayo Count Vorontsov wayefani kakhulu neontanga zakhe. Bakhetha ukuthetha isiFrentshi, kunye noMichael, nangona wayelungileyo kulwimi (kunye neLatini, isiGrike nesiNgesi), wayekhethwa yiRashiya ngokufanayo.

Ishedyuli yenkwenkwe yenkwenkwe yayingumculo, izakhiwo, isakhiwo, isayensi, izibalo. Wafunda ukukhwela ihashe kwaye wayenomyalelo omhle wezixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ukwandisa ukukhanya komfana uSemyon Romanovich wamthabatha naye kwiintlanganiso zelizwe kunye neespalamente. Kwakhona, i-Vorontsovs encinci kunye nabaphezulu bavavanya amashishini oshishino kwaye batyelela iinqanawa zaseRashiya ezazivakatye ichweba laseNgesi.

USemyon Romanovich wayenesiqiniseko sokuthi i-serfdom yayiza kuphinda iwale, kwaye izityalo eziza kuhlala ziza kushiywa kubahlali. Kwaye ukuba unyana wakhe angakwazi ukuzidla kwaye athathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kweklasi yezopolitiko yaseRashiya, wayefundisa kakuhle yakhe imveliso.

Ngowe-1798 u-Count Vorontsov, uJr. wafumana isihloko seClainlain. Yayimelwe kuye nguPaul I. Ndimele ndithi ngethuba lakhe, uMikhail wayekulungele ukulungiselela inzuzo yelizwe lakhe. Wayefundiswa kakhulu kwaye wafundiswa. Kwakhona wayenombono othile endleleni eya ku-Russia. Inkonzo kwilizwe looyise yayingumsebenzi ongcwele kuye. Kodwa, ekwazi isimo esinzima sikaPaul I, uSemyon Romanovich akazange akhuphe ukuthumela unyana wakhe ekhaya.

Msebenzi wo kuqala

Ngo-Matshi 1801 uAlexandro waba ngumlawuli, kwaye ngoMeyi Vorontsov, umncinci, wafika ePetersburg. Apha wadibana namalungu endibaniso yombhalo, waba ngumhlobo kunye namajoni e- Preobrazhensky igosa waza wagqiba ekubeni enze umsebenzi njengomkhosi wempi. Ngaloo xesha, isikhundla sikaMichael se-chamberlain sasilinganiswa nesikhundla soMkhulu-Jikelele, kodwa uVerontsov akazange alisebenzise eli lungelo. Wayebhaliswe kwiGosa lase-Preobrazhensky njenge-lieutenant eqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, i-Count ngokukhawuleza idinwe ngumsebenzi kwintendelezo, ukugoba kunye ne-parade-parade. Ngo-1803 wahamba waya eTranscaucasia njengevolontiya ukuba angene emkhosini wePrince Tsitsianov. Nantsi intsha u-Count Vorontsov ngokukhawuleza yaba yindoda yokunene yomlawuli. Kodwa akazange ahlale ngaphandle kwindlunkulu, kodwa wayithatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe. Ngako oko, akumangalisi ukuba i-epaulettes yomthetheli yavela emahlombe akhe, kwaye esifubeni imiyalelo emithathu: UGeorge (i-4th degree), iSt Vladimir noSt. U-Anna (ibanga lesi-3).

Ngo-1805-1807, u-Count Vorontsov, owaziwa ngaye yonke into yamasosha yamanje, uthatha inxaxheba ekulwa neNapoleon, kwaye ngo-1809-1811 walwa namaTurks. UMichael, njengangaphambili, wema emacaleni abahlaseli waza wagijimela kwiimfazwe. Wakhuthazwa kwakhona waza wanikezwa ngeemyalelo.

Imfazwe yasePatriotic ye-1812

Imfazwe yasePatrijitic ye-1812, uMikhail wadibana, njengombutho weCandelo loLungileyo loLuntu. Wayithatha inxaxheba ekukhuseleni iSemenov flushes. Ukuqhuma kokuqala kweFrentshi kwawa nje kwicandelo le Vorontsov. Wahlaselwa ngokukhawuleza ngama-unit 6 adutsha. Kwaye emva kokuhlaselwa kwakhe, umlilo wamakhulu amabini amaFulentshi izibhamu zawa. Ama-grenadi alahlekelwa yimali enkulu, kodwa akazange abuyele. UMikhail ngokwakhe uholele enye yeenqanawa zakhe ekuhlaseleni i-bayonet waza walimala.

Inqaba yaseVosontsov yaseMoscow ifumene izitimela eziliqela ezilikhulu zokuthunyelwa kwepropati yentsapho kunye nobutyebi obuthathwe ngeenkulungwane. Nangona kunjalo, uMikhail Semyonovich wanikezela umyalelo wokuthatha inqwelo kungekhona ipropati, kodwa umkhosi wama-450.

Uloyiso

Emva kokubuyiselwa uVerontsov wabuyela kwangoko kunye nomkhosi waseRussia kwiqela langaphandle. Ngaphantsi kweKraon, iqela lakhe laphumelela ukulwa neFrentshi, ekhokelwa nguNapoleon ngokwakhe. Kulo mfazwe, uMikhail Semenovich wanikezwa i-Order yeSt. George.

Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kokugqibela kweFransi, imikhosi yamazwe anqobileyo yahlala kwintsimi yayo. Ibhunga laseRashiya laliphethe i-Vorontsov, kwaye wayibeka yakhe imiyalelo. I-Earl yenze imigaqo yemigaqo, apho amajoni akhe namagosa ayemele alandele. Ingcamango ephambili yomthetho omtsha kukuba ukukhanyela kwabaphezulu kwizinga lokunciphisa isithunzi sabantu sezantsi. Kwakhona, uMikhail Semyonovich wayengowokuqala kwimbali yokuphelisa isohlwayo.

Ubomi bomntu wabantu bukaVote Vorontsov

Ngo-Ephreli 1819, uMikhail Semenovich watshata no-Branitsky EK. Umbhiyozo wawuqhutywe kwi-Paris Orthodox Cathedral. UMaria Fyodorovna (uMmpress) uthetha ngokuqinisekileyo malunga no-Countess. Wayekholelwa ukuba kwi-Yelizaveta Xaverevne, ingqondo, ubuhle kunye nomntu obalaseleyo. "Iminyaka engama-36 yomtshato yandenza ndonwabe kakhulu" -nje into enjalo eyenziwe ekupheleni kobomi u-Count Vorontsov. Intsapho yomlawuli yayiquka umfazi nabantwana abathandathu. Ngelishwa, abane babo bafa beselula.

Gavana-Jikelele

KwiSt. Petersburg, engakhange iphathwe kakuhle kunye nezobukhosi i-Vorontsov. Baye bakholelwa ukuba i-arch entsha igqithise isiyalo, ngoko xa efika ekhaya, isidumbu sikaMikhail Semyonovich saxoshwa. I-Count yaziyeka ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa uAlexandro akazange amkele kwaye wammisela umlawuli wecandelo lesithathu. I-Vorontsov ibambezelekile ngokuthotyelwa kwamalungu kuze kube ngowokugqibela.

Isikhundla sakhe esingaqinisekanga saphela ngo-Meyi 1823, xa i-Count yayimiselwe igosa-jongeni yendawo yaseNovorossiysk kunye negunya laseBessarabia. Amagosa amaninzi ayekhonza naye ngaphambili ayeka inkonzo ukuya kwiqela leVorontsov. Ngethuba elifutshane, uMikhail Semenovich wadibana naye amaninzi asebenzayo, anamandla kunye nabancedisi abanetalente.

Ukuphuhliswa kweBessarabia noNovorossia

Vorontsov wathatha inxaxheba kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, imimandla ephathwe kuyo. Walawula izityalo zemithi kunye nemidiliya yeentlobo ezingabonakaliyo zamagilebhisi ezivela ngaphandle, zazikhulela kwiindawo zakhe zokuhlala kwaye zazisasahla ngaphandle kwalabo abafuna. Ngemali yakhe, wazisa iigusha zeeboya eziseNtshona kwaye wavula ipulazi.

Xa i-steppe yasemzantsi yayidinga ukupheka nokutshisa iindawo zokuhlala, uMikhail Semyonovich wayilungiselela ukukhangela, emva koko ukukhutshwa kwamalahle. Endaweni yakhe i-Vorontsov yakha i-steamer, kwaye kwiminyaka emininzi kamva wavula ii-shipyards eziliqela kumachweba asezantsi. Ukuveliswa kweempahla ezintsha kwenza ukuba kube lula ukunxibelelana phakathi kwamachweba ase-Azov naseNtsundu.

Igosa-rhu lumente-jikelele lizinike ixesha elide kwimibandela yenkcubeko nokukhanyisa. Amaphephandaba amaningana asekwa, kwiphepha apho umfanekiso we-Count Vorontsov kunye nemiphumo yemisebenzi yakhe yanyatheliswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Uninzi lwe "Odessa almanacs" kunye ne "Novorossiyskiy ikhalenda" lwaqala ukuvela. Amaziko emfundo avulwa rhoqo, ithala leencwadi lokuqala liyabonakala, njalo njalo.

KwiCaucasus

Ndiyabulela ulawulo olufanelekileyo lwe-Vorontsov, iBessarabia noNovorossia baphumelela. Kwaye kwiCaucasus engumakhelwane, imeko yayimbi kakhulu imihla ngemihla. Utshintsho lwabalawuli aluzange luncede. U-Imam Shamil wanqoba amaRussia nasiphi na imfazwe.

UNicholas ndaqonda ukuba umntu onamacebo amachiza amahle kunye namava amaninzi kwimicimbi yoluntu kufuneka athunyelwe eCaucasus. UMikhail Semenovich wayengumfundi ofanelekileyo. Kodwa isibalo sasineminyaka engama-63 ubudala, yaye wayedla ngokugula. Ngoko ke, isicelo sika-Vorontsov umbusi wasabela ngokungathandabuzekiyo, esaba ukungafanelanga ukuba nethemba lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, wavuma waza waba ngumphathi-ntloko kwiCaucasus.

Isicwangciso sohambo oluya ku-aul Dargo saqulunqwa kwangaphambili eSt. Petersburg. Isibalo kwakufuneka silandele ngokucacileyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlala kukaShamil kwathathwa, kodwa u-Imam ngokwakhe wasinda kwimikhosi yaseRashiya, efihla ezintabeni. Ibhunga laseCaucasia lahlekelwa lilahleko enkulu. Emva koko, kwakukho iimfazwe ezintsha. Iimfazwe ezifudumele kakhulu zalwa ekulweni kweenkampu zaseGergebil naseSalta.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iVroontsov yeza eCaucasus ayiyikuyisa, kodwa kunokuba ube ngumenzi wokuthula. Njengomlawuli, waphoqeleka ukuba atshabalalise aze alwe, kwaye njengoko urhuluneli basebenzise onke amathuba okuqhuba iingxoxo. Ngokombono wakhe, kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kwiRashiya ukuba ingalwi neCaucasus, kodwa ukumisela uShamil inkosana yaseDagestan kwaye ihlawule umvuzo.

I-Marshall's Wand

Ekupheleni kwe-1851 uMichah Vorontsov ufumene incwadi evela kuNicholas I, uluhlu zonke iinkonzo zakhe malunga nenkulungwane yeminyaka yenkonzo yempi. Konke kulindeleke ukuba uya kunikezelwa kwinqanaba le-marshal. Kodwa umbusi wazibophelela kwisihloko esithi "ukukhanya". Oku kwahluke ngenxa yokuba igrafu kunye nokunyaniseka kwayo kwenyusa uNklaslas I.

Ukuhlaselwa kwempilo

Emva kweminyaka engama-70, impilo kaMikhail Semyonovich yaqala ukuhla. Wayengenawo amandla okufeza imisebenzi yakhe. Wayegula ixesha elide. Ekuqaleni kuka-1854, wabuza iholide zenyanga ezintandathu ukuze aphucule impilo yakhe. Unyango lwamazwe angaphandle alusebenzi. Ngoko ekupheleni konyaka u-Count Vorontsov wabuza umbusi ukuba amsuse kuzo zonke izithuba eBessarabia, Novorossia naseCaucasus. Isicelo sikaMikhail Semyonovich sanikwa.

Iminyaka ezayo

Ngo-Agasti 1856 kwinqununu, ukulungiswa kwe-Alexander II kwenzeka. U-Earl waseVorontsov, ochazwe ngaye kwinqaku, akakwazi ukuza kuyo, njengoko wayehlushwa ngumkhuhlane. UMikhail Semyonovich wavakashela izindlu ze-Grand Dukes waza wanikela ngenkani incwadi yokumkani. Ngaloo ndlela, i-earl yanikwa umgangatho ophezulu wezempi kwaye idlulisela abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni abethengiswe ngeadayimane.

Kwisithuba esitsha iVroontsov waphila ubuncinane ngaphezu kweenyanga ezimbini. Umfazi wamthabatha waya eOdessa, apho i-general-field-marshal yafa ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Izihlwele zabantu basezidolophini kuwo onke amaxesha, iinkolelo kunye neendawo zaphuma ukuba zibambe igosa-jikelele yabo kwindlela yabo yokugqibela. Ngaphantsi kwezibhamu kunye nemigodi yemigqomo, umzimba wasePrince Vorontsov wehliselwa ethuneni. U se-Odessa Cathedral (icandelo eliphakathi, ekhoneni elifanelekileyo).

Isiphelo

U-MS Vorontsov wayengumntu oyedwa kuphela owamiselwa kuzo izikhumbuzo ezimbini eziqokelelwa ngokuthenga: eTiflis naseOdessa. Iimbali zakhe ezimbini zixhomekeke kwiNdwendwe yaseBlack (igalari yezobuGcisa). Kwakhona igama legrafu libhaliswe kwibhodi yeemabula e-St George Hall yaseKremlin. Ufanelekile konke oku. Emva kwakho konke, uMikhail Semenovich wayeyiqhawe lemfazwe lika-1812, omnye wabantu abafundiswe kakhulu kwixesha lakhe, umkhosi wezempi kunye nombuso, kunye nomntu wesithunzi kunye nodumo.