Ukukhutshwa kwecatshulwa yentlabathi: umgaqo wokusebenza kunye neendidi

I-Sand yinto ebaluleke kakhulu esetyenziswe ekwakheni nasiphi na isakhiwo. Njengomsebenzi wokwakha, isanti inziwa kwiimeko zendalo kwaye ngenxa yempembelelo yezinto ezininzi zendalo. Ukususela eqinisweni, kwimiqathango ye-sand deposits yenziwe ngayo, iindlela zokutsalwa kwazo zixhomekeke ngqo.

Inhlabathi yinto encinane yedwala. Inokufumaneka kumabini kumgangatho wamanzi kunye nomhlaba, oyingxenye ebanzi yomhlaba. Kwaye ngokukhutshwa kwayo usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni efunekayo kwimveliso

Kodwa ukuze kukhishwe isanti kwiibilini zomhlaba, kungekhona kuphela amaloli, ukulahla iilori, ukulungelelanisa okukhethiweyo kwidanga lentlabathi kuyadingeka, kodwa kunye nelayisenisi yaloo msebenzi kwindawo ethile, kuba ngaphandle kwayo akuvumelekanga. Ilayisenisi iyimfuneko kubo bonke abavukuzi, ngaphandle kwabanikazi bomhlaba bendawo kunye nezicwangciso zasemakhaya, kwakunye namashishini aphuhlise imveliso kwiindawo ezikumda wokutshatyalaliswa kweentaba kunye nemimandla yelizwe.

Izindlela zokukhutshwa kwesanti

Ngendlela nganye yokutsalwa kwentlabathi, iindlela ezizodwa kunye nezindlela ezisetyenziswayo.

Indlela yokuqala yinkcazo eyomileyo. Ngale ndlela, isanti isuswa kwikota. Izindlela kunye nezindlela eziqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukukhupha ngokucacileyo nayiphina iminerali. Ukuqala, ukucima imithombo, ngoko kukhululeka ngoncedo lweziqhuqhuma, kwaye ulayishe kwiilori kunye nokuthumela kumafektri, amabhizinisi.

Indlela yesibini ibandakanya ukutsalwa kwesanti ukusuka kummandla welibi (i-lake, umlambo, elwandle elingaqhelekanga). Kule meko, kusetyenziswe i-design ekhethekileyo-idrored for extraction. Kwakhona, njengendlela yokukhetha, ungasebenzisa abafuyi abahamba ngemilingo emide , abacukuzi abanebhakethi yokulahla. Nangona kunjalo, ezo zixhobo zibiza, ezichaphazela intengo yokugqibela yezinto eziphathekayo.

Kwakhona, imveliso inokuthi iqhutyelwe kwiimeko ezimanzi xa usebenzisa ukuhlaziywa ngokusebenzisa i-hydraulics. Indlela enjalo ayifuni imisebenzi yokuqhuma kunye nokuqhuba. Inenzuzo kwiindlela zokukhuphisana - isanti esicacisiweyo ihlambulukileyo yokungcola.

Ukuchithwa kweNtshonalanga kumanzi angatye

Njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, i-dragred for sand mining isetyenziswe kwimilambo, ngamachibi kunye nolwandle olunzulu. Umgaqo wokusebenza ungolu hlobo lulandelayo: isisombululo esinamashishini okupompa sithatha kwisanti, esilunxweme. Emva koko ilayishwa kwindawo yokuloba okanye kwi-barge. Eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kwindlela yokuvelisa imithombo yamanzi.

Ukudityaniswa kwemigodi yeemayini kunesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, esincike kwiimeko zokusetyenziswa. Ngokukodwa, i-barred-type dredger isetyenziswe xa umhlaba kwisayithi uqina ngakumbi. Isanti ekhutshiwe ibhaptizwa kwaye ihanjiswa kwindawo apho idlula ukucoceka kokugqibela kokungcola.

Ukwakha izakhiwo

Umtsalane wokukhutshwa kwentlabathi uqulethe uluhlu olufunekayo lwezinto ezakhiweyo:

• I-hull iyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokugxininisa zonke iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo, kwakhona zixhotywe ngeepontoons.
• I-apparatus yokubamba ibaluleke kakhulu, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komdaka kwi-extraction yesanti nomhlaba.
• Isiseko se-Deck - sisendaweni ephakathi, sinesivili esinokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo eziyimfuneko.
• Isixhobo sokukhulula sisona siphumelelo esikhulu senkqubo yokucubungula umhlaba.

• Ukufakwa kokuthutha umhlaba. Iqukethe izinto ezininzi, ngokuqhelekileyo zifumaneka kwindawo. Iinjongo eziphambili: umpompo womhlaba, ucingo olulandayo, ukuqhuba, njengeyunithi yamandla kunye nomgca woxinzelelo. I-drive iyidlafa, umbane okanye i-diesel-electric drive.
• Itolo. Inceda umatshini ukulawula ubunzulu bokuphuhliswa, kunye nokuhambisa ifowuni ye-ripper. Siyabulela kwi-winch, ehlanganiswe kwisiseko sayo, ikhushulwa iphinde iyancitshiswa.
• Izixhobo zokubonelela ngamanzi. Inendima ebancedayo ekupholiseni, ukuhlamba nokutywinwa kwamalungu okupompoza.

Njengoko kunokubonwa kwinkcazo, i- dredger for extraction of the sand, umfanekiso oqinisekisa ngokucacileyo ukuklanywa kobunzima beendlela, unxibelelwano olubanzi lweenkqubo ezidibeneyo, ukusebenzisana okunceda kakhulu umsebenzi womntu kunye nokwenza lula ukufumana izinto eziphathekayo.

Iimpawu zabadaka

Abasebenzi abasebenzayo kufuneka babe neempawu ezivumela ukuba wenze umsebenzi ngokufanelekileyo njengoko kunokwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, ukufakela nokuqhawulwa komdaka kufuneka kube yimfutshane kwaye ilula. Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza, umatshini kufuneka abe nesiseko esantantayo, esisuswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyimfuneko.

Xa ukhetha isixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukuthobela ingqalelo kwinqanaba le-dredge ye-dragred in the extra of the sand, uhlobo lomhlaba, indlela yokukhutshwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwendlela. Uphawu oluphambili lomdaka ngumsebenzi walo. Le divayisi, edibanisa imisebenzi ehlukahlukeneyo. Xa imisebenzi iququzelelwe, umsebenzi ophezulu uya kufumaneka.

Ukwahlulelwa kwemida

Ezi ndlela zihlukaniswe ngendlela yokulayisha kunye nokuthutha:

• Ukukhangela iigobolondo - ukulayisha kunye nokuhamba kuqhutyelwa ngenxa ye-pulp.
• I-Rockcore - isetyenziselwa ukukhulula umhlabathi onamatye ngamandla amaninzi.
• Ibhakethi - uhlobo loomatshini bokucima, uhamba kwaye udibanise umhlaba ngexabiso le-scoop.

Ngendlela yokuthutha ihlukaniswe ngo:

• Refueling. I-coefficient yokungena kwe-reefer yokudityaniswa kwi-extraction yentlabathi yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela umkhiqizo womdaka. Izithuthi zenziwa ngosizo lwepulpiti.
• Shaland. Izothutho ngoncedo lweenqanawa ezikhethekileyo, ezithwele umhlaba kwindawo kwaye zithutha kwi-port.
• Longuculuaries. Isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa umhlaba weetray ende, owuthumela emanzini okanye emkhombeni wenqwelo.
• Ukuzibulala. Ngokusekelwe kwigama, i-dredger ilayishe umhlaba kwindawo yayo kwaye iyisusa.
• Nge-ejection ye-pulp ngefuthe le-hydromonitor. Kufuneka ukuba umsebenzi uqhutywe emlonyeni wemilambo, kunye namanzi olwandle kunye ne-hydroponics.

Ngendlela yokusebenza:

• I-Anchor - hamba kwi-anchors ezakhelwe.
• Ukunyakaza-ukuhamba-kwintlawulo ngenxa yenjini eyakhelwe.
• Ukunyakaza kwenqwaba kwenzeka kwimibhobho.
• Ikhonkco-ihange-zisebenzisa ii-anchors kunye neengcingo.

Indlela yomsebenzi ihlukaniswe ngayo:

• Umsele - umdaka kwi-extraction yesanti ubeka iifetyana, uhamba kwindawo leyo.
• I-papillonay - idalwe ekuphuhlisweni kwesiza iyahamba kuyo.