Imfuyo ye-Simonov ngokuzenzekelayo: iinkcukacha kunye neefoto

U-АВС-36 - uSimonov umfowuni ngokuzenzekelayo, wakhululwa ngowe-1936. Ekuqaleni, isikhali sasiyilwe njengesibhamu sokuzikhusela, kodwa kwindlela yokuphuhlisa abayili bezakhiwo bongezelela indlela yokuqhuma. Yisibhamu sokuqala ngokuzenzekelayo kwi-cartridge 7.62, eyamkelwa yi-Soviet Union, kunye nesibhamu sokuqala seli qela, eyamkelwe ngokomgaqo. Ekufezekeni kokugqibela, i-ABC-36 yayilona iinyanga ezimbalwa phambi kwe-American M1 Garand. Namhlanje siza kuhlolisisa imbali yemveliso yeSibonov ngokuzenzekelayo izibhamu kunye neziphambili zayo zobuchwepheshe.

Phuhliso

Umboniso wokuqala weSimonov umfutho ozenzekelayo wabuyiselwa emva ngo-1926. Emva kokuqwalasela iprojekthi ephakanyiswe nguSG Simonov, ikomiti yeenqwelo zokurhoxisa ingavumeli ukuba isixhobo eso sihlolwe. Ngowe-1930, kumncintiswano weengalo, umqambi waphumelela. Umncintiswano ophezulu weSimonov ekwakheni izibhamu ezizenzekelayo kwaba nguF. V. Tokarev. Ngomnyaka we-1931, ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ekuphuculeni isibhamu sakhe, uSimonov wayedlulile kakhulu.

U kwamkelwa

Isibhamu seSimonov sasivivinywe kakuhle kwindawo yokuvavanya, ngenxa yoko izibhamu zeSoviet zanquma ukukhulula i-ABC encinci yokuvavanya impi. Kanye kunye nokukhululwa kwebhokisi lokuqala, kucetywayo ukuba kusekwe inkqubo yobugcisa ukuze kuqalwe ukuveliswa kwemveliso ekuqaleni kwe-1934. Ukukhululwa kwakucwangciswe ukuba kulungiswe eIzhevsk, apho uSimonov waya khona ngokwakhe ukuze ancede ukuququzelela inkqubo yokuvelisa. Ngo-Matshi 1934, iKomiti yoKhuseleko yase-USSR yathabatha isigqibo malunga nokuphuhliswa kwamandla okuveliswa kwe-ABC-36 kunyaka olandelayo.

Ngokweziphumo zokuvavanya ngo-1935-1936, imodeli yaseSimonov yayingcono kakhulu kunomzekelo weTokarev. Kwaye nangona kunjalo ukuba ezinye iisampuli ze-ABC ngexesha leemvavanyo zaphuma kwimiyalelo. Ngokubhekiselele kwisigqibo sekhomishana yokuphatha, imbangela yokuphulwa kweempazamo yayiyimpembelelo yokuvelisa, kwaye ayiyiyo impazamo. Oku kwaqinisekiswa yi-prototypes yokuqala yesibhamu, ebenokukwazi ukumelana ngaphandle kokuqhekeka ukuya kuma-27 amawaka.

Ukwamukelwa

Ngomnyaka we-1936, isibhamu sikaSimonov esizenzekelayo samukelwa yi-USSR. Kwakuyisixhobo sokuqala esizenzekelayo se-Red Army ye-cartridge ye-rifle ye-7.62 caliber. Izixhobo ezazisenkonzweni zahluke kwiprototype ngeenombolo zezigqibo zokuyila.

Ngomnyaka we-1938, i-ABC-36 yaboniswa kuqala kuluntu kwi-Military Day parade. Kwakuxhobile iintolo zeCandelo lokuqala loMsebenzi waseMoscow. NgoFebruwari 26 waloo nyaka. U-Bykhovsky, umlawuli wezityalo ze-Izhevsk, wathi u-ABC (iSibonov) isisigxina ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye saqalisa ukuveliswa kwemveliso.

Kamva, xa u-Stalin elela umlobo wesibhamu sokuzikhupha ngaphandle kokubaleka kwindlela yokuzenzekelayo, i-ABC-36 iya kutshintshwa ngu-SVT-38. Isizathu sale sigqibo kunye nokwenqaba ukudubula ngokuzenzekelayo kwakusindiswa kweekridiji.

Xa i-ABC-36 yamkelwe, umthamo wokukhululwa kwawo wanda kakhulu. Ngaloo ndlela, ngo-1934, iikopi ezingama-106 zavela kwinqanaba lenhlangano, ngo-1935 ukuya ku-286, ngowe-1937 ukuya ku-10280, kwaye ngo-1938-23401. Ukuveliswa kwaqhubeka kwada kowe-1940. Ngeli xesha, malunga nezigidi ezingama-67 000 zaveliswa.

Ukwakhiwa

Umgaqo wesibhamu ngokuzenzekelayo ususelwe ekukhutshweni kwamagesi e-powder. Imodeli inokutsha umlilo zombini kunye neendlela ezizenzekelayo. Ukutshintshwa kweendlela zokudubula kwenziwa nge-lever ekhethekileyo esecaleni elifanelekileyo lommkeli. Imodeli yodwa iyisiseko. Imiqalo yokutshulwa yayifaneleka xa kunenani elaneleyo lomshini womatshini wesikhombisi kwiyunithi. Ngokuphathelele umlilo oqhubekayo, wawuvunyelwe kuphela kumajoni kwiimeko ezigqithiseleyo, xa kukho ukuhlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kwintshaba ukusuka kumgama ongaphantsi kwamitha engama-150. Kule meko, ungadli ngaphezu kwe-4 izitolo, ukuze ugweme ukugqithisa nokugqoka izinto eziphambili zesibhamu.

Ingxowa yegesi, i-piston yayo inesiphelo esifutshane, iphezu kombhobho. Ibloko eliyiyo (umgca), ukuvalela umgqomo, uhamba kwiindawo zokuhlala. Umgca wokuhamba umgca uyaphambuka ukusuka kwi-5 °, okwenza kube lula ukuvula umva. Xa ibhloko lihamba phezulu, lingena kwiindawo zokuhlala zebhodi kwaye liyikhiphe. Ukuvula kuyenzeka ngexesha apho i-clutch, exhunyiwe kwi-piston yegesi, igxotha ibhloko phantsi. Ngenxa yokuba ibhloko yokuvala elaliphakathi kwiphephancwadi kunye ne-block breech, ii-cartridges zanyiswa ekamelweni kunye nexesha elide kunye nexesha elide, elalikhokelela ekulibazisekeni. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yolu hlobo, ummkeli wayemangalisa ngobude kwaye anzima kwiloyilo.

Isibhamu sikaSimonov ngokuzenzekelayo sasine-shutter eyinkimbinkimbi, ngaphakathi kwayo yayikuyo: umculi onentwasahlobo, ezinye iinxalenye zendlela yokuqhayisa kunye ne-anti-bounce device. Iingqinisiso zesibhamu, ezaveliswa ngaphambi kowe-1936, zahluke kwindlela yokwakha inkqubo, ukucima kunye nekhonto lomthombo wokulwa.

Iimodyuli zokutshintsha

Ngokomyalelo, ukutshintshwa kweendlela zokudubula kwavalwa ngundoqo okhethekileyo, ukufikelela apho bekuphela kwikhokheli leqela. Kwiimeko ezizodwa, wavumela amajoni ukuba atshintshe izibhamu zawo kwimodi yokuzenzekelayo. Ingaba amajoni anamathela kwimimiselo ingxaki yokuphikisana. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba kwimeko yePugiv's gunfighter, kuphela ijoni eladlulisa uviwo oluhambelana nalo lunokufumana umhumushi womlilo. Kwaye ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam, amagosa ase-US asusa indlela yokutolika esuka kwizibhamu zamajoni iM14, ukuze agweme ukuba kungenzeka ukuqhuma i-burst, efana ne-ABC-36, engenakuncedo ekuqhubeni komlilo ezandleni. Ukutshintsha kwimodi yokuzenzekelayo kwinconywa kwisimo esifanelekileyo, kunye nokuyeka, kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanayo njengokuba ukudubula ngompu we-DP. Ukudubula kunye namashishini athile, ukuma okanye ukuhlala endaweni, umqhubi wabiza isibhamu esezantsi emva kwesitolo ngesandla sakhe sobunxele.

Umlinganiselo womlilo

Izinga lobuchwephesha lweSimonov libhekiselele kwi-round rounds ngomzuzu. Nangona kunjalo, ekusebenzeni, esi sibonakaliso sasincinane. I-shooter eqeqeshiwe kunye neevenkile ezizaliswe kwangaphambili zivelise ukuya kwii-25 ngeenxa zonke ngomlilo omnye, ukuya kutsho kuma-50, kwaye ufike kuma-80 - kunye nomlilo oqhubekayo. Umbono wohlobo oluvulekileyo luye lwafakwa kwi-range ukuya ku-1500 m, kunye neyathelo eli-100 m.

Ukulwa

Izibhamu zaxoshwa kwiindawo zokugcina ezithengiswayo, eziqulethe i-cartridges ezili-15. Ubume besitolo bubangelwa kubukho bomlomo okhulayo kwi-cartridge esetyenziswayo. Ukuxhobisa ivenkile kwakungenokwenzeka ngokuhlukileyo kwisixhobo, kunye nayo, ukusuka kwiziqwenga eziqhelekileyo. Iisampulu zebhunye, eziveliswe phambi ko-1936, zinokuxhotyiswa kunye neendawo zokuthengisa ezi-10 ne-20.

I-Bayonet-ummese

Umbhobho we-Simonov oqhumayo wenziwa nge- brake enkulu kunye ne-bayonet. Kwiinguqulelo zangaphambilini, i-bayonet ingaqhotyoshelwanga nje kuphela, kodwa iphinda ijikeleze, ihla nge-wedge. Kule fom yayijoliswe ukuba isetyenziswe njenge-ersatz enesigxina esisodwa ekuqhumeni kwindawo efanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, inkcazo yesibhamu, eyapapashwa ngo-1937, iyakwenqabela ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kwikhwityana ye-bayonet, ngokucacileyo ukuba iphendulele kwimimoya yokulala ngokugxininisa kwi-roll or turf. Ngokomgaqo-nkqubo, okucacileyo kwakungenasiphelo, becinga ukuba ukususela ngowe-1936 isibhamu siphelile ukuba sigcwaliswe nge-bayonet-bipod. Kubonakala ukuba, ingcamango yokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinto eziqhelekileyo njenge-bayonet, ekhangayo kwimfundiso, ayifanelekanga ngokwenza. Ngethuba lomkhonto i-bayonet yayiqhutywe kwi-scabbard, igxininiswe kwibhande lomqhubi, kwindawo enye yahlala nayo ngethuba lokudubula.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

I-Simonov imfucumfucu ngokuzenzekelayo yayinemigangatho enjalo:

1. Ubunzima obuthatha ingqalelo kwi-bayonet ene-scabbard, i-optical sight kunye negazini elizaliswe ngeekrijiji-malunga neekhiloji ezili-6.
2. Ubunzima bomfulo ngaphandle kwe-bayonet, ukubona kunye nesitoreji ngu-4,050 kg.
3. Ubunzima besitolo esincinci ngu-0,675 kg.
4. Isisindo esingenalutho semagazini ngu-0.350 kg.
5. Ubunzima be-bayonet kwisigxina ngu-0,550 kg.
6. Ubunzima bobuko kunye ne-bracket ngu-0.725 kg.
7. Ubunzima bebhoksi ngu-0.145 kg.
8. Ubunzima beengxenye ezihambayo (i-stem, i-bolt kunye ne-platoon coupling) ngu-0.5 kg.
9. Umthamo wesitoreji i-cartridges ezili-15.
10. I-caliber i-7.62 mm.
11. Ubude kunye ne-bayonet - 1,520 m.
12. Ubude ngaphandle kwe-bayonet - 1,260 m.
13. Ubungakanani bendawo ephihliweyo ye-trunk ngu-0.557 m.
14. Inani lokuqhuma - 4.
15. Ukuphakama kwamehlo angaphambili ku-29.8 mm.
16. Ubude be-shutter stroke ngu-130 mm.
17. Ubungakanani bokudubula (ukubona) - 1500 m.
18. Uluhlu lwenqabana (inxalenye) lu-3000 m.
19. Isantya senqabana (yokuqala) ngu-840 m / s.
20. Izinga lomlilo (lobugcisa) li-800 ngeenxa zonke ngomzuzu.

Umphumeleli

NgoMeyi 22, ngo-1938, omnye ukhuphiswano lwaziswa ngokuphuhliswa kwesibhamu esitsha sokuzimela, esekelwe ekukhutshweni kwamagesi e-powder. Kwiimvavanyo zokhuphiswano, ezenzeka ekupheleni kwehlobo kuze kube sekwindla yokuqala kwonyaka, iintlobo zikaSimonov, Tokarev, uLukavishnikov kunye nezinye iincundu zincinci zathatha inxaxheba. Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, iimvavanyo zokugqibela zenzeke, ngo-February 1939 isibhamu saseTokarev, esibizwa ngokuba yiSVT-38, samkelwe kwi-USSR. Ngomhla wokuhlwa, ngoJanuwari 19, uSimonov wamemezela ukupheliswa kwayo yonke impazamo yebhunqa yakhe ngethemba lokuba uya kunikwa elinye ithuba. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo yaloo nyaka, ikhomishini ekhethekileyo yamiselwa ukuvavanya iindlela zeTokarev neSimonov ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga imveliso kunye nokwenza uqoqosho.

Ngokutsho kwesigqibo sekhomishini, i-SVT yabonwa njengento elula kwaye ingabizi kakhulu ukwenza. Nangona kunjalo, iKomiti yoKhuseleko yase-USSR, ezama ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza komkhosi, ayizange ilahle ingcamango yokuveliswa kwemfuyo yeTrikarev. Ngaloo ndlela, imfucumfucu ngokuzenzekelayo yeSimonov igqibezele imbali yayo, ukuhlaziywa komkhosi okwaba yintetho yethu kwingxoxo.

Ukuveliswa kwenkqubo yeTokarev yasungulwa zingaphantsi kweenyanga ezintandathu, kwaye ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1, 1939, isiqhamo esiphezulu saqala. Into yokuqala yabandakanywa kwisityalo saseTula, ekubhekiselele kulo mbandela wancama umfutho waseMosin. Ngo-1940, imodeli yaqala ukuveliswa kwi-Izhevsk Arms Factory, eyayiveliswa yi-ABC-36.

Isiphumo sokusebenza

I-ABC-36 (imoto ye-Simonev ngokuzenzekelayo ye-1936 imodeli) ngokubanzi ingqina ukuba ayinakuthenjwa ngokusetyenziswa kwemimandla kwimikhosi. Uyilo oluyinkimbinkimbi kunye nenani elikhulu leenxalenye eziyinkimbinkimbi lenze imveliso yalo ibiza kakhulu ngokwexesha kunye nezibonelelo. Ukongezelela, ukukhululwa kwayo phantse kuzo zonke izigaba ezifunekayo zabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwesibhamu kwenza ukuba kudibaniswe ngaphandle kokuvala ibhloko. Ngaphezu koko, umntu unokutshisa nomlilo ezi zixhobo. Kwimeko yeso shwayilo, ummkeli wonakaliswa, kwaye iqela lebhodi liye labuyela emuva, ngqo ngqo kwitolo. Ukuvalwa kokuqala komda wesibini kwakungazange kuqikelele. Ukongezelela, ngokuqhelekileyo kwazisa ukususelwa kwendlela yokutshitshiswa.

Ngexesha elifanayo, isibhamu simonov ngokuzenzekelayo, imbali esiyihlolisayo, yayikhunjulwa njengesixhobo sokuqala saloo zixhobo, ezifunyenwe ngenxa yezixhobo ezinzima kwaye zivavanywa kwiimeko zokulwa. Kwakhona waba ngumzekelo wokuqala wezixhobo kwi-USSR, eyenziwe kuphela ngabanini bezakhiwo basekhaya, bazibandakanya kwaye bafaka kwimveliso emininzi. Ngexesha layo, i-ABC-36 yayisisibhamu esiphezulu.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba emkhosini waseFinland, imikhosi yaseSimonov yayincamela i-Tokarev ibhokhwe i-SVT, eyayithathwa njengeyithembeke ngakumbi.

I-Sniper version

Ngomnyaka we-1936, inani elincinci lama - ABC sniper bundule laxothwa. Ekubeni iimeko zeekhodiji zatshitshiswa kwaye ziphantsi, abaqulunqi banqume ukulungisa i-bracket ye-optical sight ngakwesobunxele kwi-axis ye-barrel. I-optics inomnatha onenjongo kunye nomgca ombini kunye nomgca owodwa. Ubungakanani bomfundi ophumayo lwaluyi-7.6 mm, lwafuduka luvela kwi-lens eyindima ye-eyepiece ngo-85 mm. Umbono wandisa inani leemifanekiso ezine. Ngaphesheya, i-sniper version ayifani ngokungafani nesibhamu ngokuqhelekileyo, isithunzi apho abathandi abaninzi bebhamu babengazi.