Ukubhala Arabic: imbali, ingakumbi

Okwangoku, ngaphezulu kwama asixhenxe ekhulwini abantu abasehlabathini isebenzisa unxibelelwano lwabo Arabic. Ukubhala isetyenziswa ezingamashumi amabini anesibini ithi, kwaye ukuguqulwa kuxhaphakile ukuba abantu India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, e-Iran namanye amazwe. Xa kuqwalaselwa iimpawu incwadi kunokubonwa iingenelo zakhe ezininzi, ngokunjalo ubuhle isandi samazwi Arabhu kunye nentetho.

zobe

Imbali script Arabic evela-alfabhethi, leyo wadalwa ngamaFenike ophilileyo eLebhanon, eSiriya nasePalestina. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlanga olwenziwa unxulumano lwayo urhwebo kuyo kunxweme lweMeditera, incwadi yawo nempembelelo uphuhliso amagama amaninzi kule ngingqi.

Ngenxa yoko, ukubhala yaseFenike sokuba kumacala eziliqela, omnye - oonobumba isiGrike, yaye kamva kancinane, nangesiRoma. selithe yesibini wafumana ukubonakaliswa kwayo ngesiAram, mvisiswano leyo, kwelinye icala, yahlulwe isiHebhere owenziwa alfabhethi, leyo wangena ukusetyenziswa kwi BC ngenkulungwane yesibini kummandla waseYordan yanamhlanje. Kamva kwabonakala Arabhu.

uphuhliso olunye

Kwaqinisa sele ngocoselelo ileta esinjalo AD ngenkulungwane yesine, xa kwasekwa ngokupheleleyo kwi alphabet. Emva koko ke akunakwenzeka ukufumana iimpawu kulo ukuba afakwa Arabic script mihla. Umzekelo, uphawu inye zibonakaliswe kwangoko phonemes ezimbini okanye ezintathu kamva abe usebenzisa iingongoma lwemvakalo-zwi ezahlukeneyo. Consonants abhaliweyo abalinganiswa Shaddaa, yaye kamva yaqala ukubonakala zezikhamiso. Ukuvela yokubhala Arabhu kunye kancinane ngakumbi kufuneka ukuba abantu bamandulo ezifana Semites, njengoko kwaba njalo-Arabhu Siboleke iileta yabo ifom.

Upelo waqala ukuba kuvela kancinane kamva, xa kuyimfuneko yaba ukubhala incwadi engcwele Muslims - iKoran. Eku sunguleni, iimfundiso umprofeti Muhammad kaThixo isasazeka ulwimi lomlomo, nto leyo kamva kwakhokelela uhlaba zabo. Emva koko, ngenxa impembelelo enkulu Islam, le ncwadi iye omnye ethandwa kakhulu ehlabathini. Ngoku ingafunyanwa kwimimandla ezininzi eAfrika, iCentral neWest Asia, eYurophu yaye eMelika.

iimpawu zokubhala

yokubhala Arabic ifana Russian ukuze iileta nazo kusetyenziswa kuwo, kunokuba abalinganiswa. Amagama kunye nezivakalisi abhalwe ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo. Enye inkalo yale leta kukuba akanayo oonobumba abakhulu. Onke amagama, igama lokuqala kwisivakalisi ibekwe kwiphepha kuphela uphawu encinane. iimpawu zokubhala abhaliweyo uhlobo omfusa, nto leyo nayo engaqhelekanga ukuba abantu abathetha isiRashiya.

yokubhala Arabic wahlukile kwabanye abaninzi kuba kwimakhishithi wabonisa oonobumba kuphela kunye izikhamiso elide elifutshane ngokubanzi aziboniswa kwaza kwaveliswa kuphela intetho. Kulo mzekelo, akukho ukudideka xa ufunda akwenzeki ngenxa yokuba kubhalwe ezi zandi basebenzisa superscripts ezahlukeneyo kunye subscripts. alphabet Arab yenziwa iileta-28. Kulo mzekelo, 22 kubo iintlobo ezine lokubhala zabo, 6 - ezimbini kuphela.

Kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zesimbo yokuqala

Iintlobo script standard Arabhu thaca handwritings ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo, ezintathu kuzo kwabonakala kancinane ngaphambili ngaphezu kwabanye:

• Eyokuqala them - kufi. Nguye omdala kwaye lusekelwe kwimigaqo zejometri, zidibene izivatho. Xa ukubhalwa kwalo isimbo ukusebenzisa imigca ethe ngqo, i-engile. Bona isicelo iphepha usebenzisa izixhobo zokuzoba. Ngokuba lo wesandla luphawulwa efanayo kunye nobukhulu, ilifinyeze komthendeleko. Ngenxa yezi mpawu ke asetyenziswe xa ebhala incwadi ephambili yale Muslims. Kwakhona le isimbo sokubhala inokubonwa nkqu iinkozo Arab kunye neemosque.
• Ekuhambeni kwexesha wabonakala Suls. Translation of igama layo ngokoqobo kuvakala ngathi "yesithathu", njengoko kuphawula izihlandlo ezithathu ezincinane ngaphezu Kufi. Oku kucingwa ukuba abe ngesandla zokuhomba. Ngoko Suls kakhulu asetyenziswe subheads ezahlukeneyo kunye nezibheno ebalulekileyo. A isici esasenza wesandla incwadi yakhe nenkangeleko egosogoso kunye amagwegwe kwi ukuphela kwabo.
• Nash. It wadalwa ngeenxa kwinkulungwane yeshumi. Ezi mpawu uphawu neyokubhala "yaseZimbabwe" tyaba ezincinane, ngamaxesha ekhefu ezinzileyo phakathi kwamagama. Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje oko esisetyenziselwa iincwadi neempapasho yokushicilela iimpapasho ngamaxesha athile.

Types period emva kwexesha

Ezi uhlobo abathathu wenza kancinane emva ngaphezu imibhalo-ikhankanywe ngasentla. Ezi zibandakanya ezi ntlobo zilandelayo Arabhu:

• Talik. Wabonakala kwilizwe Iranian yaye ekuqaleni eyaziwa ngokuba isiFarsi. Xa ukubhala iileta akhe emke ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, ngoko ucinga ukuba amagama abhaliweyo ngokukodwa kwikonw ngekona. Kulo isimbo, oonobumba kufuneka ngokumila egudileyo. Oku ikakhulu isasazwe eMzantsi Asia, ngokunjalo India.
• Rika yokubhala. Isisekelo sayo iintlobo mandulo yokubhala. Ngokoqobo, igama elithetha "gqatyana". It is a isimbo ngokwanelisayo emfutshane, kwakunye ilula ukubhala, ngoko ke idla ngokusetyenziswa yokuthatha amanqaku ekhaya.
• Style usofa. Lidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiofisi karhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, isandla onjalo ukubhala imiyalelo ezahlukeneyo, iincwadi ezisemthethweni kunye nezinye iintlobo imbalelwano yoluntu.

style omkhulukazi

Arabic ukubhala le Uhlobo amaninzi asetyenziswa kwi naziphi na izinto eziqinileyo, ilitye nentsimbi. Oku kuza kujongwa yezinto ezahlukeneyo ezikhumbuzo, kwakunye zamaSilamsi, amatye kunye imali. Ukuze benze oku, umbhalo wesandla angularity uphawu isikali, ngoko ibe ikwayise iso izimvo yokubhala. Le ndlela lisetyenziswe zokufunda gqolo ukubhala kuyaphela sligovannosti.

Ukusuka zonke ngentla siya bafikelele kwisigqibo yokuba Arabhu ikuyo elula, ukuba kukufunda ngaphandle iimvakalelo okungeyomfuneko kunye noloyiko ngokulandelelana.