Architecture: ilitye lochochoyi.

izinto zokuhombisa izinto njengesakhi esibalulekileyo isakhiwo yokwakha yomfanekiso lowo wengcibi yokuluka. bokwakha nganye isethi yayo ezizodwa iinkcukacha zokuhombisa. Enye yazo yegumbi. bezakhiwo zayo ukubaluleka ngokuqhelekileyo kuboniswa mali esikhulu.

Yintoni yegumbi in bokwakha?

Ngoko ke isakhiwo kuthiwa eveleleyo ngamandla ukusuka kumphakamo womgca element eludongeni, Arch ngomzi othwesa okanye isiqulathi enhle. Yena idla imilo imnyama. Ezenziwe ngezinto ezibizayo. Ukongeza, i yegumbi zokuhombisa sibaluleke esebenza - komeleza isakhiwo arch kwi ezingazinzanga, nezima endaweni yayo.

Stone njengomfuziselo

Igama elithi "yegumbi 'kungekudala wangena ebomini bethu bemihla ngemihla kwaye liye laba uphawu amandla kunye nozinzo, ezisekelwe phezu ibalulekileyo, le nto engundoqo ye-" design "iphela. Umzekelo, kwezopolitiko - uluntu ngokuqinileyo ngeendleko igunya umlawuli owomeleleyo yesilumko. E ubuKristu, i "ilitye" ekuthethwa iBhayibhile njengesiseko iinkolelo zonqulo kunye Uvuko lukaYesu Krestu njengesiseko unqulo. Kwimeko yokulahlwa okanye refutation oku ngokwayo unqulo lwamaKristu izofana.

indaba

Uyilo INqaba zaye kuqala asetyenziswe ubugcisa zokwakha yi-Etruscans. kamva zokuphelisa aseRoma baza iziqu ukuba ummangaliso. Kungenxa yokuba xa umcimbi ngokubekwa ilitye lochochoyi, kuyilo enhle bahamba kwisiko luyasebenza. AmaRoma isiqulunqile esi iqhekeza iintlobo ezibizayo namatye nemithi. Nangona isisiseko le arch akuxhomekekanga enyanzeliswa phezu kokuqonda. Kokuba kuhanjwe nesinqumka kuyo yaba isibiyeli waza wathabatha phezu enkulu umthwalo kwinkxaso arch.

Yegumbi: uhlobo, injongo

Ke umhombiso izakhiwo, le keystones ilula, eziquka iinxalenye amathathu, iziko nesinqumka esonka esimelela ngaphezulu ecaleni. Zazihonjiswe amaninzi abathwaxwe okanye mascaron - umfanekiso ukukhululeka kuwugcina ngokuwubopha wesilwanyana okanye lomntu.

mibala Animal kuyilo amatye ezinxityelelanisiweyo zinentsingiselo yokomfuziselo, efanayo intsingiselo namakhubalo amandulo, obonisa kwi "iitawuli" - iibhodi, izihlanganisi ngokudibeneyo socket kophahla prichelin endlini kobuhle. Kuzo zombini ezi meko, besenza umsebenzi olukhuselayo. Kwaye phezu Crest, kufuneka abekwe uphawu equlathe ulwazi malunga nombhali kwesakhiwo. Into efana isitampu okanye monogram. Eli siko iyaqhubeka kunye Ages Aphakathi. Umfanekiso oqhelekileyo ikhala ingonyama. Ngapha koko, iingonyama waba uphawu yemveli uqinile, amandla, ubukhalipha kunye nesibindi, kwakunye abasemagunyeni kwiidolophu ephakathi. Bona abagcini emnyango wendlu wabanumzana nkqu kuboniswe ezibayeni igalelo.

Ukusetyenziswa ndlela zobugcisa Petersburg

Kuvele kweenxweme Neva isixeko esitsha yaseYurophu of St. Petersburg kwinqanaba yokuqala Mazankova kunye nezakhiwo ngomthi. Noko ke, emva 1718, ngomhla Vasilevsky Island, yaye kamva phezu kodonga lasekhohlo, waqala ukwakha ngamatye indlu ezithile ziyilwe yi umakhi sisixeko sokuqala Domenico Trezzini. Petersburg style kwekota yokuqala kwenkulungwane XVIII, kuthiwa nguPetros okanye ekuqaleni Russian ezimbejembeje. Esinye izinto mpawu zokuhombisa izakhelo ezilula window with "iindlebe" kwi ezikoneni. Enye - yegumbi kwi phezulu embindini istili bar okanye ngaphezulu. Eli litye zokuhombisa ngelo xesha ngqo kakhulu, njengoko umthetho, musa ukuhombisa akukho frills.

Xa xesha Elizabeth keystones ziye imbonakalo zokuhombisa ngakumbi. Bathi Zazihonjiswe vee nkqo, neengubo iingalo kunye nezinto nokuhombisa isiqabu, zobuhlalu, yaye maxa onke kwafakwa sistucco. Ngeli xesha, ukwakha olungaphambili ingena iifestile iimilo ezahlukeneyo, kuquka yamandulo omise, iphi "ichweba" lwakho ilitye. Hi ndlela leyi, yena kuqala waqala ukusebenzisa phezu neengqameko zalo hlobo - nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, ngokuqhelekileyo bokwakha zoqobo.

Ukususela ngo1830 eSt Petersburg classicism kwi ukuhonjiswa leyo keystones kwenziwa ikakhulu ngendlela Mascaron, ngokuthe ngcembe indawo uhlobo zilandelayo - eclecticism. Xa kukho indlela "historicism" phakathi kweli isimbo, ngokutsha nendibaniselwano ezintsha iindlela izinto zokuhombisa entlobo wezakhiwo wangaphambili. Ngomhla izakhiwo eli xesha, unako kwakhona Ungafumana iindidi ezahlukeneyo yamatye ezokuhombisa le nqaba.

Ekuqaleni bokwakha XX kwenkulungwane kumantla mihla keystones baqalisa ukuba imilo kunye nokusebenzisa nemifuno kunye mibala zoomorphic.