Isishwankathelo i "Iliad" kaHomer: ukutolikwa bezobugcisa kaTrojan

Isishwankathelo i "Iliad" yi kaHomer - libali enye ugqaliselo ezininzi ngokumangalisayo odumileyo seTrojan War. Le ngxelo ichaza umsindo Achilles kunye neziphumo zayo emibi.

Ukubambana phakathi Achilles ne Agamemnon

Kule minyaka elithoba edlulileyo idlule ukususela loo mzuzu xa imikhosi yamaGrike baqalisa zokungqinga ka uTroy. Ayihlasela kwimimandla asebumelwaneni, amaGrike wayithimba Chryseis - intombazana intombi yombingeleli etempileni Apollo. Chryseis uba ishweshwe Agamemnon - xa intloko yomkhosi zamaGrike. Kakade ke, Apollo, lo mcimbi wayecaphukile kakhulu. Unkulunkulu athumele umkhosi yokufa. Achilles, magama yamaGrike, Agamemnon ubongoza kwintlanganiso jikelele abantu ukuba babuyele Chryseis kuyise wayo. Noko ke, endaweni ye-oyintloko kudinga Achilles wamnika mbanjwa wayo - intombazana egama Briseis. Achilles uziva ondicaphukise isigqibo bamelane Agamemnon ngekrele. Nangona kunjalo, i-Athena, leyo wayefuna uloyiso yamaGrike emfazweni, umgcina evela ngezenzo angawokubhuda. Ngenxa yoko, Achilles anqongophele ngenxa yokuba umphathi omkhulu ubiza lavaka ukuzingca ezilihlazo wathi wayengayi inxaxheba kwimisebenzi zomkhosi unanamhla.

Achilles ugqiba ukuba ukuziphindezela amaGrike

Ngaphezu koko, xa lo isishwankathelo "Iliad" kaHomer ivuliwe Nestor - omdala kunye nokumkani alumkileyo Greek. Noko ke, imizamo yakhe ayicamagushele ithuba ukuxabana ibe ukusilela. Noonozakuzaku onobabalo inkokeli Odysseus wawagxotha Chryseis kuyise wayo, Agamemnon Briseis ufumana. Achilles ibhekisela unina, uthixokazi ulwandle Thetis, aze abuze ukuba ukweyisela Zeus ephakamileyo kusinina Trojans kuphumelela. Ngokutsho joni, bekuya kunceda amaGrike ukuqonda indlela abanto yanto ngaphandle kwayo. Nangona ukuphikisa zekhompyutha, amaGrike azithanda, uZeyus uyavuma. Nguye lo umphathi omkhulu uthumela iphupha elingaqhelekanga, emva koko Agamemnon uhlanganisa libhunga iintloko, leyo ucela ukuba amaGrike ufuna ukubuyela ekhaya. Warriors njengobaluleke kakhulu isindululo, kuthunyelwa imikhumbi yabo. Noko ke, bona, kunye nokufakwa ka-Athena, Odysseus oyekayo. Lowo intetho lomlilo utsho. Wise Nestor unika imiyalelo yakhe amajoni. Emva kokuphulaphula intetho yakhe, amaGrike enze umbingelelo, baze balungiselele idabi. Ngaba inxaxheba kuphela Achilles kunye namaqabane akhe.

Le mpi usaqhubeka

Asiyi kufakwa isishwankathelo "Iliad" kaHomer inkcazelo eneenkcukacha bonke bezimpi zakwazi ukuba lithi alwayo. umkhosi isikhupheli seTrojan ekhokelwa Hector - unyana Priam ukumkani. UMzalwan 'Hector - Paris, aphawula ukuqala imfazwe (yena ke weba uHelen - umfazi omhle le Spartan ukumkani Menelaus), unika Menelaus balwe eyodwa enye. Ophumelele kwafuneka ukuba ekugqibeleni abambe Elena uze uzalise imfazwe elide. I ezimbalwa imivimbo yokuqala wavumela Menelaus va ngokusondela uloyiso. Noko ke, apha kwakhona unobangela imikhosi kaThixo angenelele: Aphrodite, leyo patronizes eParis, ugcine lesilwanyana sakho. Athena kunyusa Trojans iintshaba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngowokuqala ukuba ndimaphule mvano kugqitywe phambi ekulweni.

Okulandelayo kulandela inkcazelo inani amadabi ngenxa apho inzuzo ecaleni Trojans. Ebona ukuba imeko embi, Agamemnon uthumela isigidimi ku Achilles. Inikeza ku-Chief zabanyathela ngezihlangu ekungxoleni sobukhalipha ukubuyela Briseis kwaye umvuzo kuye izipho, ukuba aphinde abuyele emsebenzini. Nangona kunjalo, i Achilles aphendule Agamemnon wala.

imikhosi yokungqubana luyaqhubeka. Trojans ngokuhlasela inkampu yamaGrike, Hector kubonakala ukumelana nayo. Besoyika ukuba Troy uya kuphumelela imfazwe, zekhompyutha banxibe izinxibo, ukuhombisa kunye kwiimfanta kunye kaZeyus, nomyeni wakhe, entabeni Ida ukuba bakwazi ingqalelo yakhe ekulweni. Ukufumana tricks umfazi, uthixo ophakamileyo ukuba nomsindo kwaye kwakhona ekuncedeni Trojans. AmaGrike Bayasaba ngokuphakuzela. KaPatroclus, umhlobo Achilles 'omkhulu, uyavelana nabo, unxiba isikrweqe aye ukulwa, kodwa iqela lakhe - Hector - Lomelele yaye ubulala kaPatroclus.

Revenge for the umhlobo wabulala

Okulandelayo, isishwankathelo i "Iliad" kaHomer ubuyela Achilles. Gorha ufunga ukuba impindezelo wabulala omnye. Thetis ucela Hephaestus uthixo ngensimbi komyalezo izixhobo ezintsha unyana wakhe. Bexhotyiswe ngezakhe entsha, Achilles Lisuka nje ukuya edabini kunye abatshabalalise abaninzi Trojans. Emva kokuphumelela qhawe uthixo Scamander River yaye, emva kokuba intshutshiso enkulu, idibane Hector. Ngenkxaso Athens Achilles ilawula ukujongana ufekethe notshaba, waza ke uyanamathela imilenze yakhe ngemoto yakhe aze athathe eminqubeni Greek. Hector Family kabuhlungu kubalisa nto.

Le ilandelayo ichaza umngcwabo sokuba kaPatroclus Achilles iyahlutha - esi siganeko byi ingqalelo kakhulu kaHomer. "Iliad", isishwankathelo leyo uyifundayo ngoku kuqhubeka njengoko umzimba uTshawe uthe watshiswa, nothuthu mazifakwe ingqayi yegolide. Luvuthondaba suku zibe lweembaleki imidlalo kwimemori womfi.

Okumiselwe Hector

Zingaphumi ngokupheleleyo ilahleko, Achilles uya ngeenxa zonke ngemini elandelayo emngcwabeni kaPatroclus yenduli, yaye loo nto ngenqwelo leyo ubotshiwe umzimba Hector. Apollo ucela oothixo ukuze ayeke lo ukunyelisa kwakhe. KaGera isikhalazo, Noko ke, uZeyus unika lanqwala isibakala sokuba Priam wathenga umzimba unyana wakhe. intlawulo Thetis cela imvume Achilles. Ke Priam kaZeyus yazisa isithunywa Iris. Hecuba izama akajiki Priam. Kodwa nabani na ofuna ukuba bathenge umzimba, unyana wakhe, iya kungena ententeni Achilles kunye nezipho etyebileyo. Kweli nqanaba Homer ichaza isimo ayinyamezeleki sublime. Ibihlungu Achilles uyavuma ukuba Priam. Ukuba umphindezeli wamagazi ubakhumbule malunga bayahlelwa kayise, ekube nako khe ndiye kubulisa, kwaye ibuyisela emzimbeni yonyana wakhe. Trojans isijwili ukufa Hector uphele lo mbongo "I Iliad" kaHomer, isishwankathelo apho sikhokelwa, ngala mazwi: ". Ngoko ke wangcwatyelwa konebornogo umzimba Hector esithi"