Ukukhuselwa kwe-Cathodic ukukhuselwa kweepayipi: izixhobo, umgaqo wokusebenza

Indlela yokukhusela i-Corrosion inokulondoloza ixesha lobomi benkonzo yesakhiwo sensimbi, kunye nokugcina izakhiwo zayo zobugcisa kunye nezixhobo ngexesha lomsebenzi. Nangona kukho iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokubonelela isenzo esichasayo, kunokwenzeka ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo izinto ezivela kumonakalo wokugqwala kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo.

Ukusebenza kokukhuselwa okunjalo akuxhomekeke kuphela kumgangatho wekhnoloji yokukhusela, kodwa kunye neemeko zesicelo sayo. Ngokukodwa, ukugcinwa kwesakhiwo se-metallic yamapayipi, iipropati zabo ezifanelekileyo zibonakaliswa ngokukhuselwa kwe-electrochemical corrosion protection based on the work of cathodes. Ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwendlela yokunxibelelana, ngokuqinisekileyo, akuyona yodwa yendlela yokusetyenziswa kwezi teknoloji, kodwa ngokubaluleka kweziganeko esi sikhokelo singathathwa njengento efanelekileyo kakhulu yokukhusela i-electrochemical.

Ulwazi olubanzi malunga nokukhuselwa kwe-electrochemical

Ukukhuselwa kweesinyithi ukusuka kwi-rust ngokusebenzisa isenzo se-electrochemical esekelwe kuxhomekeke ekuxhomekeke kwintsebenzo ye- electrode yezinto eziphathekayo kwijubane kwinkqubo yokubola. Izakhiwo zesebe kufuneka ziqhutywe kwiindawo ezininzi ezinokuthi ukuchithwa kwazo kwe-anodic kuya kuba ngaphantsi komda ovumelekileyo. Olu hlobo lokugqibela, ngendlela, lugqitywe ngamaxwebhu obugcisa bokusebenza kwesakhiwo.

Ngokwenza oko, ukukhuselwa kwe-electrochemical corrosion protection kukubandakanya ukuxhamla kumveliso ogqityiweyo womthombo okhoyo ngoku. Intsimi yombane ebusweni kunye nesakhiwo sezinto ezikhuselekile kubangela ukutyunjwa kwee-electrode, ezilawula inkqubo yokonakalisa umonakalo. Ngokwenene, iindawo ze-anode kwisakhiwo sesinyithi ziba yi-cathodic, ezivumela ukuguqula iinkqubo ezimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwesakhiwo sezinto ezijoliswe kuyo.

Umgaqo wokusebenza kokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic

Kukho ukukhuselwa kunye nokukhuselwa kwe-anodic ye-electrochemical type. Imbono yokuqala, esetyenziselwa ukukhusela iipayipi, isayithola ininzi kakhulu. Ngokomgaqo jikelele, xa le ndlela iphunyezwa, i-current isetyenziswe kwinto enemihlathi embi evela kwimvelaphi yangaphandle. Ngokukodwa, ngoko, itywala yensimbi okanye yobhedu inokukhuselwa, okubangelwa ukuhlanjululwa kwamacandelo e-cathode kunye nokuguqulwa kwamandla abo kwimeko ye-anode. Ngenxa yoko, umsebenzi owonakalisayo wesakhiwo okhuselekile uya kuncitshiswa phantse.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukukhuselwa kwe-cathodic kunokuba neenguqu ezahlukeneyo. Inkqubo echazwe ngasentla ichazwa ngokuvela kwimvelaphi yangaphandle, kodwa indlela yokwehliswa kwe-electrolyte kunye nokuhla kwezinga leenkqubo zentambo, kunye nokudala umqobo wokukhusela, uyasebenza.

Kuye kwaphawulwa ngaphezu kweyodwa ukuba umgaqo wokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic ufezekiswa ngenxa yomthombo wangaphandle wangoku. Enyanisweni, kumsebenzi walo kwaye ngumsebenzi oyintloko wokukhusela ukukhuselwa komonakalo. Le mi sebenzi igcwaliswa zizikhululo ezizodwa, ezikulo mthetho, zifakwe kwiziseko eziqhelekileyo zokugcinwa kweepayipi.

Iipetroli zokukhuselwa kwe-corrodic corrosion

Umsebenzi oyintloko wesitishi se-cathode ngumthombo ozinzileyo wokunikezelwa kwezinto zetsimbi ngokujoliswe kwindlela yokwenza i-cathodic polarization. Basebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo kwiziseko zegesi ezingaphantsi komhlaba kunye nemibhobho yeoli, kwimibhobho yokuhambisa amanzi, amanethiwekhi omnatha, njl.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zemithombo enjalo, kwaye isixhobo esiqhelekileyo sokukhusela i-cathodic kubandakanya ubukho be:

• Izixhobo eziguqukayo zangoku;
• Iingcingo zokuxhuma kwizinto ezikhuselwe;
• Ukugqithisa komhlaba.

Kule meko, kukho ukwahlukana kwezitishi zibe yi-inverter kunye ne-transformer. Kukho ezinye izigaba, kodwa zijoliswe kwiinkalo zezityalo okanye ngesicelo, okanye ngeempawu zobugcisa kunye neeparitha zedatha yenkalo. Imigaqo eqhelekileyo yokusebenza ibonisa ngokucacileyo ezi zimbini iintlobo zezitishi.

Ukufakela ukutshintshwa kwe-cathodic

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba olu hlobo lwesitishi seluphelile. Ingena endaweni ye-analogs inverter, ezo zombini i-pluses kunye ne-minuses. Nangona kunjalo, imodeli yokuguqula isetyenziswa nakwiindawo ezintsha zokukhusela i-electrochemical.

Isiseko sezinto ezinjalo yi-transformer-frequency transformer kwi-50 Hz kunye ne- yourristor converter. Ukusebenzisa inkqubo ye-thyristor yokulawula, iifayile ezilula kakhulu zisetyenzisiweyo, phakathi kwazo apho abalawuli begunya lokuphazamisa isigaba. Indlela ejongene noxanduva lokuxazulula imisebenzi yokulawula iquka ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli abaneenkqubo ezininzi.

Ukukhuselwa kwamanxiwa ngokusesikweni kunye neendawo zokusebenza kukuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise imimiselo yezinto ezikhoyo ngoku, ixabiso lamandla, kunye nokukhusela okukhuselekileyo. Ngokubhekiselele kwimpumelelo yezixhobo zoguquguquli, zancitshiswa zibe yizinga eliphezulu lokuqhuma kwimeko yangoku kwimveliso ephantsi. Esi siphene asichazwanga ngefom ye sinusoid yangoku.

Ukuxazulula ingxaki ngokutshatyalaliswa kwinqanaba elithile kuvumela ukungeniswa kwe-freke-frequency choke kwi-system, kodwa ubukhulu bayo buhambelana nobukhulu be-transformer ngokwayo, engenzi njalo ukongeza okunjalo.

Isitishi se-Inverter sokukhusela i-cathodic

Ukufakwa kohlobo lwe-Inverter kusekelwe kubaguquli abaphezulu be-frequency frequency. Enye yeenzuzo eziphambili zokusebenzisa olu hlobo lwesitishi sikhulu, ifikelela kuma-95%. Ukuthelekisa, kwisityalo se-transformer eli nani lifikelela kuma-80%.

Ngamanye amaxesha ezinye izidima ziza kuqala. Ngokomzekelo, ubukhulu becala beesitishi eziguquguqukayo zandisa amathuba abo kwisicelo kwiindawo ezinzima. Kukho neenzuzo zezemali, eziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezinjalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukhuselwa kwe-inverter cathodic corrosion ye-pipeline ngokukhawuleza kuhlawula kwaye kufuna ukutshala imali encinci kwimixholo yobugcisa. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zimpawu zibonakala ngokucacileyo kuphela xa kuthelekiswa nokufakela kwe-transformer, kodwa namhlanje kukho iindlela ezintsha ezisebenzayo zokubonelela ngeemipayipi zangoku.

Ukwakhiwa kwezitishi ze-cathode

Izixhobo ezinjalo zenziwa kwiimarike kwizakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, imilo kunye nobukhulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuqulunqwa komntu ngamnye kwezi nkqubo kuxhaphake, okwenza kube lula ukufumana i-design efanelekileyo kwiimfuno ezithile, kodwa nokubonelela ngeempawu zokusebenza eziyimfuneko.

Ukubala ngokukhawuleza kweziganeko zesitishi kukuvumela ukuba kulungiswe ngakumbi iindleko zokufakela, ukuthutha nokugcina. Umzekelo, kwizinto ezincinci, ukukhuselwa kwe-cathodic ngokuchasana kwamapayipi kwi-inverter-based basis ngesininzi se-10-15 kg kwaye amandla a-1.2 kW afanelekileyo. Izixhobo ezinemigangatho zinokuncediswa yithuthi yemoto, nangona kunjalo, kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu, izikhululo ezininzi kunye nezikhululo zingasetyenziselwa, zifuna ukuxhunywa kwamaloli, iikrane kunye namaqela okuhlanganisa.

Ukukhusela ukusebenza

Ingqwalasela ngokukodwa ekuphuhlisweni kwezitishi ze-cathode kunikwa ukukhuselwa kwezixhobo ngokwazo. Kule ndlela, iinkqubo zidibanisene ukukhusela iziteshi ezivela kwixesha elifutshane kunye nokuphulwa kwemithwalo. Kwimeko yokuqala, iifasti ezikhethekileyo zisetyenzisiweyo, ezivumela ukuphatha ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza kweeyunithi.

Ngokubhekiselele kwi-jumps kunye nokuphuka kwi-voltage, isikhululo sokukhusela i-cathodic akunakwenzeka ukuba sichaphazeleke kakhulu, kodwa kunokubakho umngcipheko wokutshatyalaliswa kombane. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kwimodi evamile izixhobo ziqhutywe ngeqondo elincinane, emva kokuphuka ukuxhoma kwizalathisi kunokuzisa kwi-120 V.

Ezinye iintlobo zokukhusela i-electrochemical

Ukongezelela ekukhuselweni kwe-cathodic, zombini ubuchwephesha bamanzi bamanzi kunye nezindlela zokukhusela ukukhutshwa kwe-corrosion. Isikhokelo esithembekileyo sisithathwa njengokhuseleko olukhethekileyo kwi-corrosion. Kule meko, izakhi ezisebenzayo nazo zidibaniswe nento ekujoliswe kuyo, ukubonelela ngenguqu yomhlaba nge-cathodes ngeendlela ezikhoyo. Ngokomzekelo, umbhobho wensimbi kwipayipi yegesi iyakhuselwa yi-zinc okanye i-aluminium.

Isiphelo

Izindlela zokukhusela i-electrochemical azikwazi ukuba zithathwa ngokutsha kwaye, ngokukodwa, ezintsha. Ukusebenza kweendlela ezinjalo ekulwa neenkqubo zokurhweba kuye kwangexesha elide likwazi kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ukusasazeka kwale ndlela kuphazamiswa yintsilelo enkulu. Inyaniso kukuba ukukhuselwa kwe-cathodic ngokuchasana kwamapayipi kunokuvelisa okubizwa ngokuba yiindawo ezijikelezayo. Ayiyingozi kwilwegethi, kodwa ingaba nefuthe elibi kwizinto ezikufuphi. Ngokukodwa, i-current wandering ishicilela ekuphuhlisweni kwe-corrosion efanayo kwi-metal surface yamapayipi athile.