Uwuphi umehluko phakathi kwesifo sengqondo kunye nengcali yeengqondo? Mayeza

Xa umntu ebuhlungu into ethile, uya kudokotela. Ukuba umqala uyaba buhlungu - kwi-therapist, ukuba amazinyo - kwiizinyo zamazinyo, ukuba imilenze - kwi-orthopedist. Yaye ngubani na oya kuyenza ukuba umphefumlo ubuhlungu? Kuyi-psychologist okanye ngesazi sengqondo? Abantu abaninzi bavame ukudibanisa ezi zinto zizodwa, ngoko kufuneka uqonde ngokucacileyo oko umfo-mpilo ahluke kwi-psychologist.

Iingcamango eziqhelekileyo

Amagama alezi zizodwa zihlangene kakhulu. Oku akumangalisiyo, kuba isazi sengqondo, isifo sengqondo, isifo sengqondo - ezi zihambelana nomnye umcambu. Ukususela kwisiGrike esithi "ingqondo" - umphefumlo, ngoko ke, le misebenzi ihlobene ngokusondeleyo kwintsebenzo yengqondo, inkqubo ephezulu yeentetho kunye ne-psyche ngokubanzi. Kodwa ngamnye wabo unemibandela yakhe eyintloko. Qonda iikhontrakthi:

• I-Psychology iyinzululwazi ejongene nemibuzo ngokubanzi malunga nomoya womphefumlo.
• I-Psychiatry ibhekiselele kwinkalo yezokwelapha kwaye ibandakanya unyango lweengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezingqondweni.
• I-Psychotherapy yindlela yokonyango ngokuchaphazela i-psyche.

Makhe sijonge kwiinkcukacha zendlela umfo wezifo zengqondo ehluke ngayo kwi-psychologist.

Weengqondo

Ingcali yeengqondo yinto eneengcali ephumelele kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo, elona lidla ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Akenanto yokwenza kunye neyeza. Umsebenzi wakhe kukufunda umhlaba ongaphakathi lomntu, ukuqonda iingxaki azinayo, indlela anokuncedwa ngayo. Uncedo lwezengqondo ludla ngokuthetha ngomlomo. Akanalo ilungelo lokunika izidakamizwa kwaye wenze uvavanyo. Isiphumo somsebenzi wakhe sisiluleko esiluncedo ekuphumeni kwiimeko ezinzima ezinxulumene neentsapho zesigulane okanye ubomi bomntu, umsebenzi wakhe, izifundo zakhe okanye ezinye iinkalo zobomi.

Sebenza njengengcali yeengqondo kuthetha ukucwiliswa ngokupheleleyo kwihlabathi langaphakathi lomthengi. Yingakho ezo ngcali zihlala ziqeshwe kumaziko ogqirha njengomcebisi. Kwexesha elithile, oogqirha beengqondo kufuneka basebenze kwizikolo, i-kindergartens kunye neeyunivesithi. Umsebenzi wabo othiwa ubizwa ngokuba ngu-psychologist-titshala. Ngezenzo zabo, abasebenzi abanjalo bathetha ootitshala ukuba baqhube kakuhle intetho kunye nabafundi, ukwenzela ukuba bangabaphazamisi i-psyche yengqondo yabantwana.

Ingqondo

Isifo sengqondo singumgqirha ophumelele kwiziko lemfundo ephakamileyo. Lo ngumntu ohlala kwindawo kuphela kwizibhedlele nakwiiklinikhi. Ngoko, ubeka uvavanyo kwaye abhale amayeza. Umyinge womsebenzi wakhe uphelelwe kwizifo zesistim se-nervous kunye ne-psyche. Ufumanisa izifo ezinjenge-schizophrenia, i-hallucinations, ulwahlula ubuntu nabanye.

I-psychologist neengqondo zisoloko zisebenza kunye. Ngoko, isazi sengqondo sezulu esinokudakumba okukhulu singathumela isifo sengqondo kwisifo sonyango. Emva koko, le meko iqulethwe yimiphumo emibi kakhulu, kwaye ukukhusela, udinga unyango.

Psychotherapist

Eyona nto isondeleyo kwingqiqo - ingqondo yengqondo. Ukuba uyayiqonda into yokuba isifo sengqondo sahluke kwi-psychologist, akusikho nzima kunzima, ngoko-ophilileyo unokubangela ukudideka. Enyanisweni, lo oyingcali ejongene nokukhathazeka kwengqondo kubantu kwaye uyayisebenzisana neendlela ezahlukeneyo ezingahambiyo. Ukuba isifo sengqondo siyabhala ipilisi yokuphilisa, ugqirha uya kubamba intetho.

NgokwesiGrike ukusuka kwisiGrike, "i-psychotherapy" iguqulelwe ngokuthi "unyango ngumphefumlo." Ihluke kakhulu kwi-ingcali ye-psychologist, kuba ijongene neengxaki ezinzulu, kodwa ayisebenzisi amayeza, njengengqondo yesifo sengqondo.

Izindlela zokonyango kwabangcali be-psychotherapists ziquka:

• Hypnosis.
• Psychoanalysis.
• Utyando lwezobugcisa.
• Iprogram ye-Neuro-yolwimi.
• Umdlalo wonyango.
• I-nondirective hypnosis nabanye.

Imisebenzi yesazi sengqondo

Iiklasi kunye neengqondo zeengqondo - esi sixhobo esiyinhloko esisetyenziswa ngutitshala ngexesha lezenzo zakhe. Ziyakwazi ukuba ngabanye okanye iqela, liqhutywe ngqo kwindawo yomsebenzi wengcali okanye ibe yindlela. Indawo ekhethekileyo iiklasi kunye nabantwana. Zibanjwe ngamaqela ahlukeneyo. Kwaye olu lathiso luphantsi kweendlela ezimbini. Iyokuqala inxibelelwano elula ukudala iimeko zokufunda ngokukhululekile, kwaye okwesibini kukulungiswa kokuziphatha kweqela, iinkonzo zonxibelelwano okanye iingxaki zomntu.

Uncedo lwezengqondo zengqondo zitshatileyo ziquka ukuqhuba iiklasi kunye nomntu omnye kunye kunye kunye nababini. Kwimeko nganye, oyingcali ukhetha ulawulo lweeklasi ezifanelekileyo ingxaki ethile. Zonke izigqibo azithathayo, ngokusekelwe kumava akhe kunye neziphakamiso ezisebenzayo zabanye asebenza nabo.

Izizathu zokufaka isicelo kwi-psychologist

Iziganeko ezinokubangela umntu ukuba afune uncedo lunokuba ngumlinganiselo omkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, olo ngcali lusekho ekuboniswaneni kwabasetyhini nasezibhedlele. Abafazi abakhulelweyo banokujamelana noxinzelelo olukhulu olujongene neengxaki zomntu, kwaye ke ukubonisana kunye nenkxaso kubalulekile. Zininzi iingxaki emva kokubeletha. Kwiyeza, kukho into enjalo njengokudandatheka kwangemva kwesithuba. Kodwa, ngaphezu koko, abantu bajika kwiingcali zeengqondo ngeengxaki ezilandelayo:

1. Ukunganeliseki wena kunye nobomi bakho.
2. Uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo emsebenzini, olukhokelela ekudakaleni.
3. Ingxaki kwimpilo yentsapho.
4. Ukungabi nenkxaso kunye nokuqonda kubantu abadala. Ingxaki ininzi ivela kwiintsholongwane. Uncedo olunjalo luba yintsindiso yokuzibulala.
5. Ubunzima bokuzilungelelanisa esikolweni esiprayimari.
6. Iingxaki ezihamba emva kweengxaki.
7. Inkxaso yengqondo yezifo ezingapheliyo kwaye ezinzima.

Imisebenzi yesifo sengqondo

Ukuba umsebenzi wengcali yeengqondo iquka ukubonisana okulula kunye nabantwana okanye abadala, ngoko umphathiswa wengqondo unomsebenzi onzima. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuphambuka kwi-psyche. Njengomgaqo, ukujonga iliso elide isigulane kuyimfuneko. Izigulane ezine-schizophrenia, umzekelo, aziqapheli oku, kwaye zihlala ziziphatha ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukubeka ukuxilongwa okuchanekileyo kukunceda uvavanyo lwama-psychiatrist. Kukho ezininzi. Isigulane sinikelwa ukuphendula okanye kwimibuzo emalunga nezihloko eziqhelekileyo, okanye ukwenza isimboli somntu. Isikhokelo esahlukileyo sidibene nemibutho. Ngoko, loo mntu uboniswa ngemifanekiso eyenziwe ngokukodwa efana namabala, kwaye bacelwa ukuba bachaze into ekhoyo kule nto ingaqondwa. Iimvavanyo zobudlelwane zinceda ukuchonga abantu abajongene nobudlova okanye ukuzibulala.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Ukongezelela kwiimvavanyo zengqondo, isifo sengqondo sihlolisisa imeko yangaphakathi yomntu. Oku kuya kugwetywa ngeziphumo zeenkqubo ezilandelayo:

1. Uvavanyo lwezinto eziphilayo. Umxholo wale nto okanye loo nto egazini inokuthetha ngeengxaki ezahlukeneyo ze-neuropsychiatric.
2. Uviwo lwe-Endocrinology. Ukuphazamiseka kwamaHormon kungabangela ukudakumba, ukwesaba ukwesaba, ingqondo yengqondo.
3. Iimvavanyo ze-immunological. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbangela yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yintsholongwane, ikakhulukazi abo basasazeka ngesondo.
4. Ucwaningo lwezonyango. Akunakuba yiziyobisi okanye iipilisi. Ukugqithiswa kwengqondo kubangela ubuthi ngeekhemikhali zoshishino okanye ekhaya, insimbi enzima okanye inkunkuma enobungozi.
5. I-Electroencephalogram - ukudweba kwiphepha lephepha leengqondo.
6. I-Polysomnography nayo i-EEG, kodwa isetyenziswe ngexesha lokulala. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinzima ukuxilonga ngexesha lokuvuka kwesigulane.
7. Nuclear magnetic tomography. Le ndlela yindlela yamanje yokufumanisa iingxaki zeengqondo. Ikuvumela ukuba ubone iinkcukacha ezincinane kakhulu ezingayi kubamba i-EEG. Ngaloo nto, unako ukufumana umdlavuza kumanqanaba okuqala kwaye ukhusele ukubetha.

Isiphumo

Ngoko-ke, masibekele umlinganiselo phakathi kwesifo sengqondo kunye nengcali yeengqondo. Ochwepheshe bokuqala ngumntu onezemfundo ephezulu. Usebenzisa iindlela zeklinikhi zokuxilonga kunye nokuchaza amachiza. Isazi sengqondo sisebenza ngokucebisa kwaye akukho nto enokuyenza ngayo ngamayeza. Uyi-philologist, kwaye umsebenzi wakhe uhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokufundisa.