Paul Klee: imifanekiso kunye neenkcazelo. igcisa German kunye Swiss Paul Klee (Paul Klee)

Le artist Paul Klee yenye abameli ubalaseleyo avant-garde vutshila kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane XX. He kubhekwa lwakhe kumazwe amabini aseYurophu, ngenxa yokuba, njengommi isiJamani, yena wazalwa, wakhula waza wachitha bonke ubomi eSwitzerland.

ebuntwaneni le womzobi

Paul Klee, ogama imizobo ngoku ezaziwa ukuba abalandeli zobugcisa ehlabathini, wazalwa ngo-1879 kwi-Myunhenbuhzee kwidolophu encinane ekufuphi Bern. Family kwi umzobi elizayo yaba ubugcisa: utata wakhe wayengumfundisi umculo, kunye nomama wam bacule iingoma. Xa uPawulos iminyaka emi-3 ubudala, umakhulu wam wamnika iipensile. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umntwana kuthwalelwa kude ukuzoba. Ngaphandle ukupeyinta ukususela ebuntwaneni wafunda ukudlala ivayolin kunye lokubhala umbongo. Bahamba isikolo uPawulos akazange uthanda umfana babekhetha ukujongana kuphela kunye nabo wamnika iphefumlelwe.

Imfundo le mboniso lokuqala

Ngowe-1898 Klee waqalisa ukufunda itshati esikolweni yabucala Munich G. Heinrich Knirr, kodwa kwiminyaka emi-2 emva ngokubhalisa kwi-Academy of Arts Fine, apho waba ngumfundisi yokudweba ngu F. von Wabambelela. Emva kokuphumelela, uPawulos waya eItali, ukubazi kunye izakhiwo kunye nemizobo le Renaissance, waza wahlala e Bern waza wafunda imizobo. Ngeli xesha, wadala uthotho "hero Odnokryly" kushicilelwa, "Inventions", "The Virgin emthini" kunye nabanye. Ngowe-1906 umzobi oselula wazeka umfazi piyano uLily Stumpf yaye ekugqibeleni kuhlala eMunich. Kwaba apha kwaye bazama ukubonisa italente yakhe Paul Klee. Lo mboniso lwemizobo zakhe okokuqala yabanjwa e Bern ngo-1910 ukuba sifake imikrolo bakhe, watercolors kunye nemizobo. Lo msebenzi ibhalwe ngesimbo Art Nouveau, ngelishwa i wizard azizange zifihlakele.

Nkolelo ube yingqondi

Ukuphila Munich, Klee wenza abahlobo kunye Kandinsky waza waba lilungu lombutho Expressionist "Blue Rider". Creative Group waqokelela abameli zobugcisa, ukudala umsebenzi style avant-garde. Artists ebandakanyiweyo kuwo oko bekwenza ngemizobo yakhe ukuvakalisa uluvo lwabo ezikhona, ukude ukusuka imigangatho yemfundo kuxhaphakile ukupeyinta.

Ngowe-1914, uPawulos Klee waya Tunisia. Ngethuba lolu tyelelo, igcisa ekugqibeleni ayila, abayinqobo kuphela kuye incasa ekhethekileyo coloristic. Ungaze phambi Klee akazange abhale kangangoko kwixesha elifanayo. Ukusuka phantsi kwesandla sakhe imizobo, ioli kunye imizobo lemifanekiso ( "Kairouan", "esekelwe Hammamet").

Ngenxa kokuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uPawulos Klee wayilwa sokungena emkhosini. Akazange wathunyelwa ngaphambili, endithethisa ukuba ukupeyinta fuselage-moya zomkhosi. Nakuba kule xesha linzima garde wafumana ithuba ukuqhubeka ukupeyinta. Emva kokuphela impi wabuyela Munich Paul Klee. Lo mboniso lwemizobo bakhe yaqhutywa Fabrics 1920 zimelwe kuyo, ngakumbi ngathi ngemizobo lomntwana. Bona ibizezamandulo kwindalo, kodwa ke zobuntwana kwaye utsale ingqalelo abathandi zobugcisa. Ukususela ngoko waqalisa kwinqanaba esitsha kubomi ubugcisa wegcisa.

Xa nenani-20-30 ukongeza ngokubhala imizobo yena abathatha inxaxheba ekufundiseni esikolweni loyilo obugcisa kunye nokwakhiwa Bauhaus. Ngowe-1925, imizobo yakhe zanikezelwa mboniso surrealist e-Paris. Emva kokuba uHitler eqala ukubusa Klee ngo-1933 waya eSwitzerland, apho wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Ebudeni beli xesha, wathabatha enye 2 Exhibition ngemisebenzi (Berne kunye Zurich). Kwiminyaka 55, igcisa wafunyaniswa scleroderma. Ivela kwesi sifo ngowe-1940 waza wafa Paul Klee. Ukupeyinta, oko, senani ladlula imizobo 9000. Phantse isiqingatha sabo ziyaxhonywa namhlanje sungula ku kwiziko lakhe yomsebenzi ibekwe e Bern. Ezinye ngemisebenzi yombhali kunokubonwa amaziko kwaneempepha zabucala ehlabathini lonke.

Paul Klee e Pushkin Museum

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba igama lomculi ixesha elide emi efanayo iqonga ezinjalo amagcisa avant-garde njengoko Matisse, Kandinsky kunye uPicasso, umsebenzi wakhe eRashiya de kutshanje iye yaziwa kancinane. Le meko emva Disemba 2014, Matshi 2015. Pushkin e Museum eMoscow yasingatha kwinkcazelo lwemizobo Klee "Akukho ngosuku ngaphandle umgca." abalandeli bakhe ukupeyinta thaca 150 yemisebenzi yakhe ngoweqela zikumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ubomi ezinobuchule inkosi. Abaququzeleli be-mboniso Sikhuphe ngendlela yokuba umbhali le mizobo kufumaniseka ukuba aba lolu yonke indlela eya nokubunjwa kwakhe avant-garde, ukususela imizobo kwangethuba nesiphelo kunye Imizobo kamva.

Faka style wizard

Yintoni na ngoko ubenomtsalane abathandi taka, uPawulos Klee? Mizobo ngalo umbhali abonakala ubuchule ngokubulawa. Abakwazi ingabalelwa nayiphi na indlela enye. Xa izinto bakudala yombhali oxhulumene, kwemiYalezo Cubist kunye Fauve. Ekunyaniseni nokucaca imigca edityaniswe ukhetho ngobuchule zemibala Imizobo Klee obukhulu zobugcisa, yaye yena ngokwakhe - yingqondi.

Paintings okuqala-imi- 20

Enye yezona ncwadi iphawulekayo avant-garde ingabizwa "Diana ngumoya yasekwindla" (1921). Le migca zingakhathaliyo kushiywe mculi ku ephepheni, ngokucacileyo ebonakalayo silhouette neyi ye ibhinqa eliselula. Obonisa njengoko umoya ithatha amagqabi kunye amaza i ilokhwe ilaphu lula, Klee wadala ngempumelelo inkohliso of intshukumo ngohlobo zibambene. Ngenxa imibala ezithambileyo kunye efudumeleyo mfanekiso kubonakala ngakumbi onamandla, umoya kunye nomculo. Ukususela wentombazana bevuthela ikhululekile yaye sinethemba, kunye nokuba isimo idluliselwe ucamngca ababukeli picture. Kodwa elaphini yaye waziva amanqaku bamatshekileyo; umfanekiso enamandla libhekisela kwinto yokuba ulutsha buyatshitsha, yaye hayi kude ekwindla wobomi, ukusuka apho akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuzimela.

iimvakalelo Isichasi ukuba ipateni zejometri wegcisa "Senecio", wadala ngowe-1922 ukusuka ngelaphu kumbukeli ubukele umdlali-eliqhula kunye nemvelo ngeenxa zonke, njenge imaski, intloko yakhe. Kwakhe elingenalo olinganise ubuso yohlulwe amaxande ahlukeneyo anemibala, negazi-red amehlo khangela kumacala ahlukeneyo. Nangona yokuba lo mfanekiso kukho uluhlu olumnandi imibala, ukususela imivumbo zakhe ebandayo kunye nexhala. Xa ebonisa iimilo zejiyometri ubuso umdlali, igcisa wazama ukuba adlulisele ihlabathi engaphakathi, kuxhomekeke ngqo eqongeni yokuvela ngokutsha.

Inkcazelo 'Izinja kunye Birds "

Paul Klee wayemthanda izilwanyana yaye ngokufuthi zipeyintwe kubo ngelaphu. Ngowe-1928 wadala "Ikati kunye Bird 'yakhe. Lo mfanekiso ayiqabe ioli kwaye zigcinwa kwi New York Museum of Modern Art. Ngelaphu Yayihonjiswe intloko cat sandy-yellow kaThixo, ebunzi apho warhola intaka encinane epinki. akubonakala isilwanyana apha nje umzingeli. Kuye nezirhwexu ixhoba lalo, aze amehlo akhe amakhulu aluhlaza. intaka esezweni akazi ukuba isiphelo sakhe esele ihleliwe, kwaye imizuzwana embalwa kamva uya kufela imihlathi utshaba begazi. Ptah abangayi kuba nako ukuphuma. Isityhilela oku kunye nombala layo egazi, kwaye ekujoliswe azotywe Klee kunene ngenxa yomzimba wakhe.

ukuqamba ofayo

Kude ukufa kwakhe baqhubeka ukudala Paul Klee. Le mizobo yeminyaka yakhe wokugqibela embhoxo imizobo abantwana ngakumbi. Phakathi imisebenzi zakutshanje yi inkosi ziquka "Ukufa lomlilo". Kuye kwaqulunqwa 1940, xa ngqondi wagula kakhulu. line lwasekuqaleni kuhlanganiswa kunye imibala emnyama adlulisela amava angaphakathi Klee. Ongaphambili womzobo obonisa ukufa kabani ubuso wagqabhuka ezoyikekayo babonakala. Emva kokuba wabonakala ndazana phantse amadangatye kolundi yonke besondela ndoda armless. Kungenzeka, umntu wenziwa ngokomfanekiselo umlinganiswa echaza Klee ngokwakhe, ukuva indlela yokufa kwaye uyayiqonda singenamandla yakhe phambi kwakhe.

Nangona yokugula, kunyaka ophelileyo yobomi bakhe baba nemveliso kakhulu umculi. Ngokudala ekhethekile, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni awuyithandi i isimbo sokubhala, Klee wahlala enyanisekile kuye de umpefumlo yakhe yokugqibela.