Mosfet - ntoni na? Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuqinisekisa transistors

Kweli nqaku uza kufunda malunga transistors, MOSFET, oko kukuthi, abanye kwisekethe apho. Naluphi na uhlobo lwefildi isiphumo transistor, ogama igalelo ayinabantu ngombane ukusuka engundoqo channel ukuwaphatha yangoku. Kwaye loo nto ibizwa ngokuba intsimi isiphumo transistor kunye nesango igqunyiwe. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo loo intsimi isiphumo transistor, esetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezininzi zobuchwepheshe, ebizwa intsimi-isiphumo transistor metal-oxide-semiconductor esekelwe okanye inguqu MOS transistor (shunqulelo olufinyeziweyo lwesi sakhi).

Yintoni MOSFET?

MOSFET i FET ombane-elawulwa, nto leyo yahluke evela entsimini ukuba ine "metal oxide" esangweni electrode leyo ngombane zigqunyiwe ukusuka engundoqo semiconductor n-channel okanye p-itshaneli kunye maleko ubhityileyo kakhulu izinto zokwambathisa ezikhoyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko dust (ukuba elula, iglasi).

Oku ultra-ezingcakacileyo zigqunyiwe metal esangweni electrode nga kuthathwa omnye capacitor nembasa. input ulawulo ubushushu kwenza uxhathiso lwe MOSFET liphezulu kakhulu, phantse ongapheliyo.

Njengoko endle, i transistors MOS abe igalelo ukuvimba eliphezulu kakhulu. Kusenokuba lula bandisa isixa esikhulu kwentlawulo emile, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba umonakalo, ukuba ikhuselwe ngononophelo kwitsheyini.

Umahluko evela MOSFET endle-ukusebenza transistors

Umahluko omkhulu evela entsimini kukuba MOSFETs ziyafumaneka iifom ezimbini ezisisiseko:

1. Ukuncipha - transistor kufuna ombane isango-umthombo wecebo ziguquka ukuba "OFF". imo luya MOSFET zilingana "ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe" iswitshi.
2. Ukwanda - transistor kufuna ombane isango-umthombo ukuba uvule ifowuni. Gain Mode MOSFET kuyalingana utshintsho with "ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe" nabo.

Uphawu transistors kwi kwiisekethe

Umgca phakathi unxulumano of nakumsele wamanzi umthombo ngumjelo semiconductor. Ukuba umzobo obonisa transistors MOSFET, ukuba limelwe ngomgca ongqindilili ezityebileyo, element isebenza kwimo luya. Ekubeni ngoku nga kumpompoza ukusuka idreyini ukuya esangweni zero isakhono. Ukuba ijelo elisetyenziswa kubonisiwe kumgca phantom okanye umgca ezaphukileyo, lo transistor isebenza kwimo Ukwanda kuba ngoku elibaleka zero nesango isakhono. Isalathiso utolo ibonisa ijelo conductive okanye p-uhlobo semiconductor p-hlobo. Kunye transistors basekhaya alathelwe ngendlela efanayo ngohlobo olufanayo nabantu basemzini.

Isakhiwo ezisisiseko MOSFET transistor

Uyilo MOSFET (oko kukuthi, ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kweli nqaku) yahluke kakhulu evela entsimini. Zombini ezi ntlobo ze transistors zisetyenziswa intsimi yombane okudalwe ombane esangweni. Ukutshintsha ukuhamba abathwali kwentlawulo, electron kwi n-channel okanye Umqala p-ngonyaka ngokusebenzisa semiconductive channel source-idreyini. I electrode isango ibekwe ngaphezulu ubushushu maleko ubhityileyo kakhulu kwaye iperi kwimimandla ezincinane p-uhlobo ngaphantsi nje nakumsele wamanzi umthombo electrode.

Akusebenzi akukho sithintelo ngumntu xa igqunyiwe isixhobo isango MOS transistor. Ngoko ke kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukuqhagamshela esangweni umthombo MOSFET nokuba wokwephuka (HIV okanye negative). Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba transistors rhoqo amazwe kunoogxa zasekhaya zabo.

Oku kwenza izixhobo MOSFET ziluncedo kakhulu njengoko itshintshela okanye izixhobo logic elektroniki, ngenxa yokuba kungekho mpembelelo evela ngaphandle, badla musa ukuqhuba yangoku. Isizathu soku ukuxhathisa isango igalelo eliphezulu. Ngoko ke, incinci kakhulu okanye ulawulo engabalulekanga eyimfuneko transistors MOS. Ngenxa yokuba zizixhobo elawulwayo akukhuthalele ngaphandle.

mode luya MOSFET

imo luya kwenzeka kakhulu alufane ngaphezu iindlela inzuzo ngaphandle ombane bias isicelo esangweni. Oko kukuthi, i-channel ubamba kwi zero ombane esangweni, ngoko, isixhobo "ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe". Imizobo lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela umgca ongqindilili ngokuqhelekileyo ivaliwe channel conductive.

Kuba n-channel ngokuya MOS transistor, a negative isango-umthombo wamandla ombane lelikhabayo, kuya deplete (kungoko igama) lwe channel transistor electron yayo baqhuba. Kananjalo p-channel MOS transistor yi kwamanani isango-umthombo wamandla ombane HIV, ijelo uya deplete imingxuma zabo simahla, ushukumisa isixhobo ukwimeko non-siqhuba. Kodwa ukuqhubeka kweendlela transistor akaxhomekekanga yintoni indlela yokusebenza.

Ngamanye amazwi, indlela ngokuncipha n-channel MOSFET:

1. Le ombane HIV kule mali linani elikhulu elektroni kunye yangoku.
2. Oku kuthetha ombane ngaphantsi sinothabatha kunye zangoku electron.

Inguqu kuyinyaniso kwi transistors p-channel. Nangona indlela luya MOSFET kuyafana ukuba ushintshele 'open ngokuqhelekileyo ".

N-channel MOS transistor kwimowudi kwamanani,

imo luya MOSFET yakhiwe ngendlela efanayo naleyo transistors zasendle-isiphumo. Ngaphezu koko, idreyini-umthombo channel - umaleko conductive kunye elektroni kunye nemingxuma, akhoyo kwi-n-uhlobo kunye p-uhlobo channels. Loo kweziyobisi itshaneli kudala ukumelana indlela esezantsi conductive phakathi nakumsele imvelaphi kunye ombane zero. Usebenzisa transistors tester uyakwazi ukuqhuba imilinganiselo imisinga yombane kwi output nee-input yayo.

Gain Mode MOSFET

Okunye eziqhelekileyo transistors MOSFET na imo inzuzo, yinto ukubuyela kwimowudi ngokuncipha. Kukho ukuqhuba siteshi olova doped okanye undoped, nto leyo eyenza kube non-conductive. Oku kukhokelela yokuba ifowuni ikwimo bengasebenzi na uqhuba (xa ombane isango loVezo ngu zero). Imizobo ukuchaza olu hlobo MOS transistors zisetyenziswa umgca eyaphukileyo ukubonisa channel ngokuqhelekileyo open-siqhuba.

Ukuphucula i-N-channel MOSFET idreyini lwangoku kumpompoza kuphela xa ombane esangweni isicelo esangweni ngaphezu ombane zisembundwini wawo. Xa ombane elihle esangweni a p-uhlobo MOSFET (oko kukuthi, iindlela zokusebenza, iziphaluka masicime zichazwe kweli nqaku) electron ngakumbi kwicala umaleko oxide ejikelezileyo ngeenxa zonke esangweni, ngaloo ndlela kusandiswa inzuzo (kungoko igama) lwe Ebubanzini channel, sivumele flow ethe yangoku.

Features mode Gain

Luyanda ombane HIV sango liya kubangela ukuvela uxhathiso kwisiteshi. Ayizi ukubonisa umvavanyi transistor, oko uqinisekise kuphela ingqibelelo kohlelo. Ukunciphisa ukukhula ngakumbi, ukuba kuyimfuneko kukwandisa idreyini yangoku. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba ukomeleza MOSFET imo n-channel:

1. A transistor ngezandla kucacisa indlela yokuqhuba.
2. Ayikho isignali okanye ixabiso layo embi kucacisa indlela transistor nonconductive. Ngoko ke, ikwimo sufaka MOSFET kuyafana ukuba ushintshele 'open ngokuqhelekileyo ".

Kuluvo ukuxoxa lisebenza iindlela ukwandisa p-channel MOS transistors. E zero ombane isixhobo kwi "OFF" kwaye isiteshi ivuliwe. Ukusebenzisa ixabiso ombane okubi esangweni p-uhlobo MOSFET ukunyuka kwisitishi conductivity, ukuguqula indlela yayo "On". Uyakwazi ukujonga usebenzisa umvavanyi (digital okanye ukucofa). Ngoko ke urhulumente bafumane p-channel MOSFET:

1. uphawu Positive linikezela transistor "off."
2. Negative kubandakanya transistor kwi "On" indlela.

imo inzuzo N-channel MOSFET

Xa yokukhulisa MOSFETs imo kuye kwanegalelo ukuvimba kwimowudi nokuqhutywa kunye nonconducting eliphezulu kakhulu. Kwakhona, kukho igalelo ukuvimba ngamabona eliphezulu ngenxa isango labo igqunyiwe. Indlela kuyinzuzo transistors ezisetyenziswa kwiisekethe edibeneyo ukufumana emasangweni logic iCMOs kunye utshintshe nje leesekethe amandla ngohlobo njengoko PMOS (P-channel) kunye NMOS (N-itshaneli) igalelo. ICMOs - MOS Incedisa ngengqiqo ukuba sisixhobo ubhalo zombini i PMOS, kunye NMOS kuyilo yayo.

MOSFET sesimangalo

Kanye zasendle, transistors MOSFET zingasetyenziswa ukwenza msindo iklasi "A". Sesimangalo yesiphaluka kunye N-channel MOS transistor kulo mthombo ofanayo inzuzo korhulumente yeyona ethandwa. yokukhulisa MOSFET mode ngokuya efana kakhulu ukuya iisekethe besebenzisa izixhobo endle, ngaphandle kokuba MOSFET (oko kukuthi, yaye yintoni ngile, kuxoxwe ngasentla) has a igalelo amanzi eliphezulu.

Le ukuvimba ilawulwa yi network ukuhlela yegalelo resistive lisekwa resistors R1 R2. Ngaphezu koko, lo isignali ephumayo kuba umthombo oqhelekileyo wokukhulisa transistors MOSFET kwimowudi izwi na zocaphulo ngenxa yokuba, xa ombane igalelo iphantsi, ngoko transistor sicatshulwa evulekileyo. Oku ukuqinisekiswa, ukuba kwi isixhobo tester kuphela (digital okanye ukucofa). Xa igalelo eliphezulu ombane kule transistor kwimowudi ON, le ombane yemveliso iphantsi kakhulu.