Ubume sphagnum. Sphagnum moss (ifoto)

Bryophytes - le yenye lamasebe izityalo ibihlungu, emi kwisigxina esikhethekileyo kwinkqubo yobukumkani. Abameli babe eluncedo, nexabiso laso ekwenzeni amayeza, zisetyenziswa kakhulu yaye abadlali ezibalulekileyo kwiisekethe ngamandla. Ukongeza, ukuthatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni kwendalo zemigxobhozo.

Sphagnum: indawo yokuhlola

Endaweni yalo inkqubo sphagnum yehlabathi ephilayo uthathe indawo ilandelayo taxonomic:

• Kingdom: Izityalo.
• ISebe: Bryophytes ;
• Iklasi, umyalelo kunye nosapho - Sphagnum.
• Bohlobo: Sphagnum.

Inani kweentlobo ufikelela 120, apho zezona lwimi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ezifana:

• sphagnum Bog;
• uPienaar;
• brown;
• magellansky;
• papillozny;
• Girgenzona.

Ubume bale Sphagnum kwezinye izinto eshiya uphawu ukusetyenziswa yakhe umntu. Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

Isakhiwo sangaphandle izityalo

mat Green okubi ezixineneyo kwi phezulu kwezithungu, eyenza amaqhuma imigxobhozo imigxobhozo, kwaye ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise phezu amachibi zasendle sibonile, mhlawumbi bonke. ngoko apha ke sphagnum. Iifoto esi sityalo ingabonwa ngezantsi.

uyabazingela nice kakhulu azinamanzi dissected ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ezixineneyo up. Ngaphandle crusted imele izaleko ezimbalwa eziseleni. Sphagnum ushiya sessile, yayingcongolo uhlobo. Abo elise esikhondweni, lume ezimilise yaye ngokufuthi yedwa. A amasetyana leaf, phezu koko, ngakumbi ezixineneyo phezu lisongiwe. Enyanisweni, phantse enamaxolo kunye kakuhle zibonakala ngaphandle nezixhobo ezizodwa. Oko kudla kuthathwe amagqabi, amasebe ezininzi ukusuka esiqwini engundoqo.

Njengoko nabanye moss, sphagnum akukho iingcambu. Nakuba kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo izalamane, rhizoids kukwayamanisa, ke kungabi zeendawana. Kunika umdla ukuqwalasela ukuba likhaba asezantsi, nokukhanya ngaphezulu ibona. Ekugqibeleni, emazantsi ilahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo umbala wayo oluhlaza. Oku kungenxa yokusilela yiklorofili mbala iiseli, njengoko akusekho ezi zakhiwo uphilile, kodwa ufile.

Kwezi ndawo, mayifakwe kwi ezantsi Bog, lo umgquba senziwa elizayo. Ngoko ke badla ngokuba sphagnum nja- moss. Ngokubanzi, utyala iintyatyambo lisuke labuna oluhlaza, hayi eqaqambileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba kusoloko zidluliselwe namanzi amaninzi. Umbuzo ngulo: "Indlela moss ulwelo kakhulu ilawula evenkileni?" Oku kuchazwe liSebe awohluke ngesakhiwo lwangaphakathi. Makhe sihlole kubo.

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi sphagnum

moss ngaphakathi ukhandwa eqhelekileyo esiqwini sesityalo, ezibandakanya iiseli. amagqabi sphagnum ibe yiklorofili, njengoko, eneneni, kwaye isiqu isakhiwo. Ngoko ke, photosynthesis yenziwa kakhulu bonke bomhlaba yomzimba. Ngoko ke amandla, oko kukuthi, ukufunxeka kwamanzi.

iiseli moss Green oxhulumene kunye nezinye izihloko nganye kwaye akha isakhiwo efana uthungelwano - oku ke olujikeleza esityalo. amalungu okuzala ezi ama, abaqolileyo sikuyo.

inkqubo Conductive efanayo izityalo eziphezulu, engekhoyo. Endaweni yoko, kukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo. Ukugcina umsebenzi kunye nokufunxwa kwamanzi ababuthweleyo.

iiseli ezikhethekileyo kubume

Iiseli Sphagnum asingabo bonke efanayo. Isibakala sokuba abanye kubo abe iqokobhe kunye umngxuma kunye protoplast ofileyo, oko kukuthi, i-kwisisu esingenanto. Kuyimfuneko ukuba isityalo ukuba ufunxe izixa ezikhulu ukufuma kunye nokugcina ngaphakathi ngokwawo kwezi zakhiwo holoholo.

Ubume sphagnum ivumela ukuba ezaliswe ngamanzi isixa 20-30 amaxesha ubunzima bayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto yokuhlala data moss zisoloko umanzi kakhulu, bona ngokoqobo iflowuthi phezu kwamanzi.

Xa isityalo uzele ngamanzi, umbala wayo lisuke labuna oluhlaza. Ngexesha lembalela, ngokuthe ngcembe ajike emhlophe, ekugqibeleni zaba qwa ngokupheleleyo.

buphindwe moss

Ulwakhiwo sphagnum iquka ezizodwa kuyimfuneko kwisakhiwo ukuzala - ama. Bafana nje zonke ezinye ubulembu eziphezu ezikhethekileyo kubangelwa kwi inxalenye apical esityalo. Ubonise ibhokisi enesiciko, apho ukusekwa kunye ekukhuleni imbewu.

Xa sele zikhe ixesha, iiseli ezincinane ulala ngokwaneleyo kwaye saa ngumoya. Ukufumana ibe nethontsi lamanzi, baqale kuhluma kwaba sisityalo esitsha. Cap sporangium ivula izenzekele.

Kukho enye indlela yokuzala, leyo uwugcinayo isityalo. Sphagnum uyakwazi ukunika iindawo kwezityalo ukuze ngakumbi ubukho ezimeleyo. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu rhoqo emva likhaba ephambili ikhula ngamandla ubude, ezinemithi phezu kwezinye iinxalenye. Kweli nqanaba, kukho umsantsa kwezityalo ancedisayo.

Iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ze sphagnum moss

Sphagnum moss, ifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, kukho inani iipropati ezizodwa ngenxa yobukho iiseli ezikhethekileyo. Zezi:

1. Hygroscopicity, ngcono yonke imida ezaziwayo kwizityalo. Xa uthelekisa lo ikhono lokunciphisa uboya ukufuma sphagnum moss, ngoko kuya kuba izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-6! Ukongeza kuyamangalisa ukuba ukwabiwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi emzimbeni izityalo lwenzeka ngokupheleleyo ngokulinganayo. Ngoko ke musa ukuzalisa zonke iiseli ezikhoyo, ukufuma moss excess andizukuncama. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ungayisebenzisa njengendlela ngumphelelisi emhlabeni.
2. Air permeability, nto leyo evumela umhlaba kunye moss ukukhanya kakhulu, loose kunye enomoya. Oku kwandisa nomoya vuyelo lebyinene eka ekukhuleni kunye nophuhliso lwezityalo ezinye eziphilayo.
3. Sphagnum asidi ezakha isityalo, ukuvumela ukuba acidify abangaxhalabisiyo ukuse- hydrogen emhlabeni.
4. Izityebi organic izinto ukwakhiwa yenza oku okhethekileyo sityalo. Sphagnum uye iipropati antibacterial kwaye anti-ukudumba, kwakunye izibulali.

Yintoni ukwakhiwa ubulembu ezimangalisayo? Oku kungenziwa ngokuba unxulumano ibalulekileyo:

• Sphagnum acid;
• coumarins;
• sfagnol;
• terpenes;
• carbolic acid.

Ngenxa eli candelo ukwakhiwa kwisityalo ngokwayo ngokubonakalayo lakufumana nayiphi na izifo okanye ekuhlaselweni izinambuzane.

indawo yokukhula

Eyona engundoqo imeko ukuze isityalo - ubukho ukufuma ngokwaneleyo. Ngapha koko, sphagnum moss, ethe ifoto kwi ngokutsha, oko kuxhomekeke kakhulu phezu kwamanzi kwi ukwanda, kwakunye nazo zonke ibihlungu. Kungenxa yoko le nto iindawo ezinkulu zokukhula yalo:

• endaweni enemozulu kumntla ikhweyitha;
• inxalenye yaseYurophu Russia ;
• eSiberia;
• Umzantsi Melika.

ecosystem Ekhaya esakha moss, oko amadobo. Naphi besihlawule isityalo, kukho iindawo zokuxinana kwamanzi ngokuthe ngcembe yaye engaphephekiyo.

Indima endalweni

yonke ubomi sphagnum yakhiwa ngokukwazi ukufunxa ukufuma. Features isakhiwo ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ukubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kunye nomda esisetyenziswe ngeenjongo zonyango - phantse yonke wacaciswa ngoobani kunye nesakhiwo. Banoxanduva olufanayo kwaye lwenziwa yobume indima.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo - kukuba sphagnum ogama photo thina kuthunyelwe inqaku bokwakha iidipozithi afanayo. Ngenxa yinxalenye yezityalo acid sphagnum sfagnola kunye neenkqubo ukubola nokucazululwa kuka iindawo kwabafileyo kwezisezantsi isityalo kade kakhulu. Oku kukhokelela ekubeni kusekwe lamanqanaba afanayo. Intshukumo kwenzeka kancinane, malunga elinye laliziimitha iminyaka eliwaka.

Kwakhona iindawo ezibalulekileyo zokuxinana kwamanzi kubangela propati. Ngenxa yoko, ingabi kuphela utyani, kodwa ngokubanzi yonke biogeocoenosis, zasendle, izinambuzane, kunye nezinye izidalwa.

ixabiso Economic ukuba abantu

Kukho iindawo ezininzi ezingundoqo isicelo sale ndoda moss.

1. Kuba amakhaya kokuvala.
2. Njengento yokugquma zokwakha.
3. Ukulungiselela iinjongo zonyango njenge magciwane kunye zezifo.
4. In floristry.
5. Xa floriculture ukuphucula iimeko ezikhulayo izityalo ezisendlwini yaye greenhouse.
6. Kuba nokuveliswa iikhemikhali yasekhaya (izicoci, abacoci kunye izibulali).
7. Nja- - kubaswa ezixabisekileyo.
8. Isoloko isetyenziswa njengento yokukhusela ubushushu.
9. Kulo mkhuba Russian zemveliso yeelekese moss kunye crackers.
10. Indlela zokubopha sphagnum (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi, kuyanceda ubone ngcono ubume kwezityalo) ezisetyenziswa kwinkulungwane XI. De kube ngoku, eli xabiso azilahleki moss.

Ngoko, kwenzeka ukuba moss umgquba sphagnum - ayikho kuphela sisityalo umdla kwaye ezixabisekileyo njengomthombo kwezimbiwa, kodwa i uvimba esixabiseke amayeza, umthombo ukufuma kunye nomoya ukuze nezinye iintlobo izihluma. emhle imbonakalo yawo ngokuvisisana umsebenzi omangalisayo lobume lwangaphakathi kunye amaxabiso endalo kunye nobomi babantu.