Zemihlaba Boggy. Soil Geography Russia

Phambi yokufunda imihlaba mgxobhozo, iyavakala ukukhumbula ukuba le "mhlaba" ngokubanzi. leklasi lesikolo abaninzi nangoko thaca, utitshala wembali zendalo kunye namazwi akhe malunga iqokobhe eziprintiweyo Umhlaba - le lithosfere. Umaleko ongaphezulu has a unique - ukuchuma. Nguwo lo umhlaba. Le otyebileyo Umaleko kwasekwa kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo.

izinto wesiseko lomhlaba

Geography Russia ilizwe elikhulu, njengoko ilizwe ngokwayo. rock Umzali, imozulu, utyani, isimo - zonke izinto eziphembelela ekumisweni ongaphezulu. On the babeziindleko Russian kukunaba kwiintaba kumzantsi ukuya kwiilwandle ezisemantla, ezi meko zahluke kakhulu. Ngokulandelelanayo, yaye umhlaba akufani, unika abantu lokuvuna. Kwi kwintsimi kukho nemozulu ezininzi imali ezahlukahlukeneyo imvula, iimeko zokukhanya kunye lobushushu, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana. In Russia, ungenza Mhle cwaka imhlophe kwiindunduma ikhephu nesanti, ubone amahlathi hlathi kunye namahlathi ezinde, nemiqolomba eneentyatyambo nemigxobhozo.

Kukho landscapes eyenziwe ngumntu - abantu ngakumbi kwaye rhoqo engenelela kwindalo, angafaniyo Ebubanzini kunye nomgangatho ongaphezulu (ayisoloko kuba ngcono). Kwaye enye sentimitha kuphela komanyolo okanye nomgquba (equka "elime ophilayo") akhiwe iminyaka 200-300! kufuneka athathwe njani ngononophelo olukhulu emhlabeni, ukuze izizukulwana ezizayo abashiywa bodwa kunye koozintlango nemigxobhozo!

Ukwahluka kwimihlaba

Apho zone zomhlaba. nokudaleka kuxhomekeke ngokungqongqo kumthetho ukutshintsha izityalo, izilwanyana, njalo njalo. E. At ezinezinga ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi-North naa zemihlaba arctic. Bahluphekile. Formation of nkqu wamatye umaleko uswele amandla permafrost, apho izityalo abakhoyo ubulembu kuphela ulele, akunakwenzeka. Kwindawo Arctic - imihlaba emathafeni. Lwakutshanje bacebe ngaphezu Arctic, kodwa abana- kuthelekiswa podzol izisa hlathi kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo. Ngokunciphisa asidi izimbiwa kunye nezongezelelo eziphilayo abavumela ukuba bakhule iintlobo ezininzi zezityalo.

Kukho imihlaba ehlathini, imihlaba ezimnyama (kakhulu echumayo), entlango. Bonke bephela - isifundo of Sciences zokufunda ezifana kwendawo imihlaba, njl Ezi nkqubo yolwazi anikela ingqalelo kakhulu isifundo komhlaba unzoned, equka imihlaba Bog .. Baya Izakufunyanwa na kummandla zemozulu.

Formation of Imihlaba Bog

umhlaba Geography Russian iqulethe inkcazelo malunga nokuba siyintoni maleko siye kuxutyushwa imigxobhozo kunye namahlathi kumgxobhozo akhiwa imvula amileyo ukufuma (imvula), amanzi komhlaba (amachibi, imilambo, njalo njalo. P.) Okanye ezingaphansi komhlaba (imithombo yamanzi aphantsi komhlaba). Ngamafutshane, imihlaba Marsh akhiwa utyani ngamanzi-onothando. Bog kukho ihlathi (pine, ezinde, kukho zahluke kakhulu kuyaphi kunezixhobo ehlathini, ukuba ezincinane, "angenzi"), amatyholo (UHeather, irozmeri), moss kunye nengca.

Ukuqulunqwa kwemihlaba nomgxobhozo negalelo iinkqubo ezimbini. Okokuqala, kuba nja- ukubunjwa xa iintsalela zesityalo yande phezu njengoko ukubola embi. Okwesibini - gleying xa oxide intsimbi iguqulelwa kwi oxide ngexesha entshabalalweni zengqo- kwezimbiwa. Le asinto msebenzi zendalo lula wabizwa ngokuba "Umgxobhozo inkqubo."

Imigxobhozo kwenzeka ukuba ...

Ngokufuthi imihlaba mgxobhozo akhiwa hydrogenic sushi ngokulandelelana. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha mgxobhozo kunye amileyo ithuba amanzi emlanjeni babeziindleko. Umzekelo, inkqubo enjalo iye yaba kunyaka wokuqala lwenzeka phezu komlambo Russian omkhulu iVolga. Ngenxa izitishi ehla lombane kunye namachibi, ayajika kancinane, stagnates. Kufuneka amanyathelo zokuhlangula engxamisekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ngenxa yesizathu okanye ezinye imilambo ezithile isantya lifinyele, baba amalaphu angalawuleki. imithombo Bottom ukuba ukubondla, etyekezwa. Kodwa nakuba "ukukhala indalo", abantu akanandaba nabo. Ngoko ke, kukho ingozi enkulu ukuyijika imithambo blue eRashiya amadobo bemi.

Iimpawu imihlaba nja-

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, umgquba kwenziwa ngayo ubunzima ashinyeneyo zange ibole iintsalela izityalo nomgxobhozo. Nangona kukho iindawo apho inkqubo lungenzeki. Phezulu umaleko womhlaba, Bathiwe wambu "Ostankova" iidipozithi - na imihlaba afanayo-Bog. nokuba olungele ulimo? Konke kuxhomekeke iimpawu zelizwe.

Xa nja- enehlathi Imihlaba ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze into ephilayo kuthiwa wabatyebisa umaleko eliphezulu zomhlaba. Kodwa yena kakubi ibolile. ukwakheka Active wamatye Kyea yi ubumuncu eliphezulu medium, bioactivity yayo amandla, ekwabizwa ngokuba 'umoya zomhlaba. " Kwenzeka ukuba, ekubeni inkqubo yokufunxa kuthiwa oksijini emhlabeni, igesi carbon dioxide, ukuvelisa eziphilayo ezinzulwini obhudlayo, kunye namandla thermal. iprofayile Soil amadobo ezinjalo kwakudala. Kukho ngomhlaba ezimbini: umgquba kunye umgquba-gley. Gley - profile emhlabeni, acace ukunika umbala ongwevu, oluhlaza, okanye oluhlaza. Wezabasebenzi ezinjalo Imihlaba musa zahlukile. Ukusebenzisa ukuba luncedo kangako kwezolimo.

Iimpawu imihlaba Bog-podzolic

Imihlaba Bog-podzolic bangaba, apho kulala kwimigxobhozo , amahlathi ugalelwe cover moss, ingca. Okanye apho kukho emakriweni ezimanzi, lasekwa ngo nangokukrola kwindawo ephantsi imithi. Indlela yokwahlukanisa Bog-podzolic imihlaba ye podzolic? Yinto elula kakhulu.

Nomgxobhozo podzols kukho iimpawu yokuziva gley. Ngokwangaphandle, bakhangeleka ngathi ngekopi-imbola kunye amabala blue-hina. Apha ke kukho wachuba iindawo, smears, ezendeleyo zonke imimango lenkangeleko. Kuphuhliso kumazwe Bog-podzolic abachatshazelwa iintlobo ezimbini zomhlaba: nomgxobhozo kunye podzolic. Ngenxa yoko, waphawula njenge kolundi umgquba kunye gley kunye podzolic kwaye izaleko illuvial.

Iimpawu imihlaba Bog-engcotyeni

Imihlaba Bog-engcotyeni bayazibhijabhija apho amathafa Amathambeka komlambo, wazigquma neengcongolo nemikhanzi kunye, sibenza. Ngenxa yoko kukho moistening ezongezelelweyo umgangatho (amanzi eliphezulu iintsuku ezingama-30) kunye ngaxeshanye uyitshaje ngodongwe esisigxina kubunzulu emalunga ne-1 ukuya kwisi-5 m.

zone nomoya ezingazinzanga. Sithetha malunga nokusekwa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba ime phakathi phezu komhlaba kunye phezu kwetafile yamanzi. Lomhlaba mbuzo, ezihambelana hayi kuphela kumathafa caba Amathambeka emfuleni komhlaba kufutshane, kodwa ngokuba lihlahliwe ihlathi-emathafeni. Ngokuzithandela localized sedges, izityalo usapho Juncaceae, iingcongolo. ngomhlaba Genetic zomhlaba umahluko ngokucacileyo kakhulu.

Imihlaba Bog-engcotyeni ngala "live" kwi ulawulo lwamanzi ezingazinzanga. Xa ixesha lokoma, elinamanzi utyani unika indlela eya engcotyeni, kunye vice versa. Meko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iprofayili emhlabeni lowo, ndim ubomi ngayo yahlukile. Kwixesha elomileyo lonyaka, xa ehlukene amanzi, imimandla salinization. Ukuba ilulwelo indawo kancinane, ngoko sludges Bog owomileyo kwakhiwa.

kummandla Krasnodar nakumhlaba ngokwawo

Imihlaba ye-Krasnodar Territory kwatshintsha. iindawo Primorsko-Akhtarsk, Slavic, Temryuk na umgxobhozo kunye mdaka, umhlwa ngenxa eziliqela iziziba zokupaka. Bona Kuban abahlali izidiliya kunye komkhiwane. iindawo Labinsk nokuqalisa podzolic lomhlaba kunye emnyama. La mazwe echumayo. Ukuba ifanele ukuvelisa izityalo zizityebi zemifuno, ujongilanga.

On Sea Black kunxweme Krasnodar mmandla kwimihlaba ntaba-ehlathini. Apha kukho amabhoma zobungangamela kunye nezidiliya. On the Azov-Kurgan plain umhlaba abamnyama. Kungekho nto kuthiwa IZemgale Russia Kuban. Sinomhlaba zizityebi wamatye ukuze bendawo babeye Baqhula: "Kukho kukhula noluthi ugxunyekwe phantsi."

Ngexesha Second World War, amaNazi kulayishwa umhlaba abamnyama railcars kwaye zithunyelwa eJamani, esazi ukuba yintoni na ixabiso yendalo. Kaloku, hayi zonke maleko otyebileyo zonakaliswa ukuphathwa kakubi kwabantu. Kodwa phambi loovimba amakhulu kumazwe abakrelekrele, omnye kufuneka yenze imisebenzi yezolimo ngenyameko. Nokuba ukusetyenziswa komhlaba-ngeenxa okanye angakulungeli ukulima kumgxobhozo, simele sikhumbule ukuba ungenelelo ukukungxamela ukuqumba umsebenzi obalulekileyo iinkqubo zendalo na eyingozi zonke izinto eziphilayo.