Ubume kunye neziphumo Ushintsho Stolypin kwicandelo agrarian

Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX yoBukhosi Russian kakhulu aqaphela okhuphisana wasentshona kuphuhliso yayo zobugcisa, kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo. Babizwa ngokuba "ukubamba-up" maxesha, nto leyo yaqala phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX, asakulungiselela avale isithuba. Asizange kuzisa iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo, nenguqulo ezinkulu sharing-1860-70. State nje kufuneka ezintsha iinguqu eziya ngokutsha uqoqosho kunye nophuhliso lwentlalo kwimigca nkulu.

Ukuqala yotshintsho

Loo yinzame abe iseti ohlaziya Prime Minister Petra Arkadevicha Stolypina. Okokuqala, oko abachaphazelekayo utshintsho kwicandelo lezolimo. Kwakulindeleke ukuba iziphumo nguqulelo Stolypin kuya umfutho enamandla kuphuhliso zonke iindawo ezifanelekileyo kweli lizwe. isicwangciso zabo kwaba ukudala umaleko esinamandla Afrika ochumileyo, zangena elizimeleyo kunye nabalimi, elaliza baye bavuselela ubudlelane zorhwebo kwaye enze Russia an ngakumbi kubaluleke kumazwe angaphandle iimveliso zezolimo. Iziphumo zokugqibela kwezi nguqulelo Stolypin wabona inspirer lakhe ukuvela udidi abaphathi ngamandla kwezoqoqosho, ezifana kumafama yaseMelika. Ukuze le njongo, State Credit Bank ukuba umthetho karhulumente lasungula iphulo elikhulu ukwandisa ngetyala abalimi ukuze bakwazi ukuthenga umhlaba. Noko ke, ungambuyiseli ityala ngokwaneleyo isohlwayo esiqatha - nokuhlutha ingxenye ezithengiweyo. Oku, ngokutsho wabaHlaziyi ukuba luyakunceda amanyathelo abucala. Inxalenye yesibini ebalulekileyo yenkqubo nokuguqulwa kwezolimo yaba uphuhliso lomhlaba eSiberia. Umhlaba kule ngingqi kwaye zasasazwa simahla kuwo onke amafama abanqwenela ukusebenzisa. Kwaye urhulumente kukhuthazwa yaye liququzelele kwenye indawo Sasungulwa iintsapho ukuya Urals. imixube ezizodwa ziye wadalwa ngenxa yale njongo, kamva owaziwa ngokuba "iinqwelo Stolypin". Ukongeza, isibonelelo eSiberia aza wadala kwelo xesha.

Iziphumo iinguqu kwezolimo Stolypin kaThixo

Designs, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, ebalulekileyo kwimbali Russian, ezopolitiko kwaye ke asicinywanga kwaziswa lafikelela esiphelweni esisengqiqweni. ukuphunyezwa waphazanyiswa kuqala ngokufa kwakhe ngo-1911, kwaye ke ekugqibeleni elinye ngokunxulumene nemisinga imfazwe. Ngenxa yoko, akunakwenzeka ukuba athi ukuba iziphumo nguqulelo Stolypin bakhe baba ngakumbi okanye eyaneleyo ngaphantsi. Ukanti eziliqela ezenzeka ngexesha ukuphunyezwa kwazo nangoku kubekho, kuba unako ukuzoba ezinye izigqibo.

Iziphumo ezakhayo iinguqu Stolypin kwicandelo agrarian

Isiphumo amanyathelo karhulumente kukuba uluntu yamahlwempu yaye yabelwa-10% kwi-20% yabemi. Lwakutsha nje waqala elizimeleyo yolawulo. Kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo, amafama ngempumelelo baqalisa ukuba bayeke isiqingatha isonka kuvela emarikeni. Ngokupheleleyo izicwangciso lwenziwa uphuhliso eSiberia, kuba ngexesha kuphuculo ahlala apho amakhaya ngaphezulu kwezigidi ezi-3. Ngenxa yoko, imimandla emitsha inxaxheba ubudlelwane yorhwebo-emarikeni. Eli lizwe iye yandiswa kakhulu indawo zomhlaba olimekayo.

iziphumo elibi iinguqu Stolypin kaThixo

Emva komnye kwiilali ezizimeleyo yakhokelela ekubeni kunye ngempumelelo, babonakala amafama nosizi. Nkqu ephuma kuqoqosho loluntu zisagcine nolwalamano olusondeleyo naye. Kulo mba, kuphuculo wawusele-inemivuyo. Kwakhona Akazange abe nempembelelo appreciable kwi kuphuhliso lobuchwepheshe kwezolimo. Ngo-1911, esi sixhobo engundoqo umlimi Russian kwakusekho ikhuba lwakudala.