Imbali kuphuhliso yokwazisa nje isayensi

Ikhompyutha - le yenye zenzululwazi omncinane. Yena ufunda iimpawu kunye neepateni lolwazi, iindlela ukusetyenziswa kwayo ebomini bomntu.

Iqala ibali nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi kwikhompyutha ukususela iikhompyutha zokuqala ngekhompyutha kwi-40 kweye-- ekuqaleni-imi- 50 lwekhulu XX. Loo computer yokuqala, ukusebenza ngemibhobho cleaner. semiconductors ezahlukene iikhompyutha yasungulwa kufutshane kunyaka-60-th. Yaye 60s phakathi kwakukho imoto exhotyiswe kunye neetshiphusi IC.

Imbali kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zengcaciso ngokusondeleyo edibene nesibakala sokuba umntu bekusoloko kunzima ukwenza izibalo ezintsonkothileyo izibalo engqondweni yakho okanye ephepheni. engqondweni benelungelo abantu bafuna zokusebenzisa iinkqubo computing yi ukusetyenziswa ukubala elula, rule kwisilayidi. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ngowe-1642, Pascal wadalwa yi mechanism UPawulos bit ezisibhozo-. Emva Sharl 2 kwinkulungwane De Colmar lugqibelele ukuba umatshini ukudibanisa, nto leyo ekuveliseni imisebenzi enzima kakhulu yezibalo njengoko phinda nokwahlula-hlula. Accounting babenemincili yile njengeyabo.

Kodwa ke imbali ngqo kuphuhliso information technology iqala nge-ntetho ngezimvo Obumbe isiseko iikhompyutha mihla ngo-1833, eliNgesi Charles Babbage. Yena kuqala kusetyenziswa amakhadi punch, le mingxuma nto leyo udlulise ulwazi. Yaba amanyathelo uhlelo lokuqala.

Imbali kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zengcaciso baqhubeka ngowe-1888 njengoko njengoononjineli xa Melika Germanom Holleritom, othe wabhala yokubala kumatshini Uhlobo lokuqala electromechanical. Kuye ihlolwe ngexesha zobalo ngo-1890 kwaye bachukunyiswa kunye neziphumo zazo nesantya calculation. Ukuba ngaphambili ukuba enze le mali yomsebenzi efunekayo abasebenzi 500, ngubani pored phezu amanani iminyaka esixhenxe ezilandelelanayo, i Hollerith, owasinika abancedisi 43 ukubala kumatshini ukumelana nale umthamo msebenzi kwisithuba inyanga.

Imbali Uphuhliso bolwazi nombulelo Hollerith nokuba waseka inkampani, kamva owabizwa ngokuba IBM kwaye namhlanje computerization giant ehlabathini. abasebenzi balo, kunye oososayensi ukusuka kwiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ngo-1940 wakha ikhompyutha yokuqala elektroniki, ekuthiwa "Marko 1". Le whopper anobunzima-35, kwaye iikhompyutha ngumxhasi wenza njengoko US emkhosini. Lo matshini ibalwa kule nkqubo yokubini. izenzo 300 phinda Ukongeza imisebenzi 5000 yena wachitha yesibini nje omnye. Kodwa ke isibane ngokukhawuleza wazidiliza, kwaye ngxaki isonjululwe Bardeen, Brattain kunye Shockley - nabasunguli transistors semiconductor.

Ngoko ke, imbali nasekuphuhliseni inzululwazi computer beza nomzuzu ukuncitshiswa olukhulu ubungakanani kweekhompyutha kunye abasisizukulwana sabo elilandelayo kuyaphi. Kwaye isantya umthamo computing liye landa izihlandlo ezili-10.

Okulandelayo, imbali yonke kuphuhliso nenzululwazi kweli hlabathi inxulumene miniaturization kweekhompyutha. Kwaye wenza kakuhle kule nkalo, inkampani yokuqala American DIGITAL IZIXHOBO, ngoko siqinise Intel. A phakathi-70s zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kukho iikhompyutha zobuqu kunye Apple inkampani ngoku odumileyo.

Imbali Uphuhliso computer kwilizwe lethu liqala nekhompyutha encinane ngekhompyutha (MSEM), wenza imisebenzi-50 ngomzuzwana. mqambi saso Sergey Aleksandrovich Lebedev. Indlela ngayo kwilizwe lethu kakhulu anameva. Kwaye namhlanje asinakukwazi ngqondweni ubomi obanelisayo ngaphandle ukusetyenziswa kweekhompyutha. Ukuba ujonga emva, ixesha into waya kakhulu kancinane. Ekubeni ingcamango yobuchwephesha kude ngaphambi kwexesha. PC, laptops kunye netbooks - umqondiso okhethekileyo kwiilwimi zesiNtu.