I-Psychology: apho uqala ukuzifunda khona

Phakathi kweentlobo zobomi bomntu, indawo yangaphakathi yobuntu ininzi engaziwa. Kwaye ubomi obuninzi bubaluleke kakhulu kumntu kunomntu ongaphandle, ekubeni ukuxhwaleka kwintliziyo kungaphilanga iminyaka emininzi, ngokungafani namanxeba omzimba. Oku kwaziwa kakhulu kwizengqondo zengqondo - abantu abanomdla wokuzinikela ekufundeni iimfihlelo zomphefumlo. Kwaye, ke, umnqweno wokuqonda enye ibalulekile.

Ngubani obeka inyawo endleleni yokuzifundela, kufuneka ahambe ngendlela embi. Ziziphi iingxaki eziphambili zokufunda ukuba kutheni kunzima kangaka ukuqonda isayensi yengqondo; Kukuphi ukuqala ukufunda? Masizame ukuqonda.

Indlela

Xa umntu ethatha isigqibo sokubandakanya kwisifundo sesayensi njengengqondo, umntu kufuneka aziqonde kakuhle ngendlela yesayensi. Ukunika ixesha elide ukufunda iincwadi ezahlukeneyo.

Kodwa phi ukuqala ukufunda i-psychology ngokwakho? Ungayifumana njani isiseko solwazi onokuthembela kuyo kwaye ufunde isayensi ngokujulile? Ngaphandle kweengcamango ezisisiseko, akukho nzululwazi lwangempela lukhona. Okokuqala, izifundo zesayensi kunye nendlela yokufunda zifundwa. Inkqubo - uhlalutyo oluchanekileyo kwezo ndlela ezisetyenziswe kule nzu lulwazi ukuze zithole ulwazi.

Qala kunye nawe. Kutheni kwaye kutheni

Isiqalo sesifundo sengqondo somntu kukuqonda izizathu zobomi. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kutheni isinyathelo sokuqala sithathwa ukuba sifunde ukuziphatha kwabantu: ukuqonda kakuhle ukuphuhliswa kwabantwana nokubanceda bahlume ngokukhula kwabo, okanye bafune ukuba ngabaqeqeshi baze bafumane ithuba lokunceda abangaphandle.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuqikelela kwangaphambili kwicala lenzululwazi oza kufundisisa ngokucacileyo. Kunzima ukufumana ngaphandle kokwazi oko. Ikakhulukazi elwandle yolwazi.

Iincwadi kwizengqondo. Ziziphi iindwendwe ezifunekayo

Ziziphi iincwadi eziqala ukufunda i-psychology? Ukuze ufunde isiseko senzululwazi, kufuneka uqale kwizinto ezisiseko: iindidi eziphambili, imiqathango kunye neengcamango-zonke ezi zifumaneka kwincwadi yoncwadi yokuqala yonyaka. Ezi ncwadi zezifundo zifumaneka kuzo zonke iilayibrari zedolophu. Nangona bengabhaliwe ngokugqithiseleyo, kwaye zizele izichazi kunye neetafile, zifuna ukuba zikwazi kakuhle. Ukuqhubeka kuya kuba lula. Emva kokufunda le ncwadi yokuqala, kufuneka ufumane iiklasi zengqondo: K. Jung, K. Horney, A. Adler, E. Fromm kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka uqhelane nomsebenzi kaFreud.

Incwadi elula kwaye inomdla I. Yalom "Xa uNietzsche wayekhala." Unokwazi ukukhangela nayiphi na incwadi yombhali kwisikhokelo esithandekayo okwangoku.

Iincwadi zeMbhali zininzi kakhulu, kubalulekile ukufumana umbhali onguchwepheshe kwaye usebenze kule ndawo ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-10. Emva koko amava okubhaliweyo abeza kumfundi unemvume, kwaye inokusekelwe kuyo kwikamva.

Ungakulibali ukuba kubalulekile ukuba isazi sezengqondo ukwazi iinqununu zefilosofi kunye noluntu. Kubalulekile ukwakha iingcinga zobomi, inzululwazi - kungekhona nje iingcamango kunye neengcinga.

I-Fiction iqulethe inkcazelo eninzi ebalulekileyo malunga nengcali yengqondo yengomso. Ababhali-beklasi bahlalutya ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwehlabathi elingaphakathi kunye nezenzo zamaqhawe abo azakhelwe. Uhlalutyo olunzulu lufumaneka kwiincwadi zikaF. Dostoyevsky.

Iimagazini kunye neempapasho

Kwindawo enkulu yolwazi namhlanje, ukufumana iphepha elifikelelekayo nelinomdla kwi-psychology akuyona ingxaki. Iiyunivesithi ezininzi zipapasha igazini lawo kwaye zenze iinguqulelo zamahhala kwi-intanethi ngokukhululeka. Ufuna nje ukufumana iphephancwadi eya kuba yinkcazo kwaye iluncedo kuwe kwintsimi ekhethiweyo yesayensi.

• "I-Russian Psychological Journal."
• Umbhalo weVAK "Vestnik VlGU".
• "Iingcali zengqondo."
• "Ingqondo yezinto ezikhoyo kunye neengqondo."
• I-online-journal psychologies.ru.
• Abanye.

Ijenethi ye-intanethi ye-psychologies.ru yenzelwe udidi olubanzi lwabafundi. Ukuba ufuna iimpapasho zenzululwazi ebhaliweyo ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo bamaziko, kungcono ukufunda iincwadi ezisemthethweni. Ezifana nale: "I-Russian Psychological Journal."

Ihlabathi leengqondo. Izikhokelo ezisisiseko

Ziziphi izikhokelo zengqondo ezikhoyo namhlanje? Ungaqala njani ukufunda iindwendwe ekuphuhlisweni kweendlela eziphambili zesayensi? Awukwazi ukuphumelela kuyo yonke into kanye, kwaye kufuneka uqonde indlela oza kuziva ngayo umntu othembekileyo, osondele kuye ukuba afunde kwaye asebenzise.

Izikhokelo zamandulo zi:

• Isikhokelo senkcazo;

• Iingqondo zeGestalt;

• Iingcali zengqondo;

• IHumanism;

• Ephantsi.

Kwaye kukho izikhokelo ezintsha: i-psychodrama, i-coaching, i-psychological psychology kunye neprogram ye-neurolinguistic.

Uqhagamshelwano olungabonakaliyo njengesiseko

Ngaphandle kweyiphi inzululwazi yengqondo engakhulelwa? Indlela yokuqalisa isifundo? Umqali mfuneko kufuneka afunde iimbini kunye nokusebenza. Uze usebenze ngokufanelekileyo, khawuleza usebenze: funda ukuphulaphula, ufunde ukubeka ingqalelo kwiimpawu ezingekho ngezwi. Lo mkhuba ubalulekile nje ngokufunda ulwimi lwangaphandle olufunekayo ukukhawuleza ukuvakalisa isigwebo.

Imiyalezo engabonakaliyo inomdla kumnxibelelwano; Iingcamango zokuthetha okungengomlomo kuthetha ukuba impawu yobuso kunye nokumiswa komntu kuthetha kakhulu malunga nombuso ongaphakathi kunamazwi. I-psychologist enhle ngokukhawuleza "ibala" isimo somntu osondele kuye ekubonakaleni kwakhe. Nangona awuyi kufundisisa ngokweenzululwazi, kodwa kuphela unomdla kuyo, iimpawu ezingekho ngezwi kufuneka zifundwe ukuzimisela. Oku kuya kwenza lula ukuthetha kunye nezihlobo kunye nabo.

Ziziphi iimpawu zobume kufuneka ziphuhliswe

Ukusebenza nabantu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenza ngokwakho. Isazi sengqondo somnye sihlola imiphefumlo. Ngoko ingqondo iphathwa. Ungaqala njani ukufunda ukuziphatha kunye neengxaki zabanye? Ukususela ekusebenzeni kwimpawu zakho. Ngenxa yokuba awukwazi abanye ngaphandle kokwazi.

I-Psyche - yayingumfazikazi-umphefumlo, ngokufanelekileyo, isayensi yomphefumlo ayinakufundiswa ngaphandle kokuthanda imiphefumlo yabantu. Kufuneka ukuba ukwazi ukuzibeka kwindawo yomnye kwaye ubonise iimvakalelo zakhe neemvakalelo zakhe. Ingcali yeengqondo nayo idinga amandla okuzibonakalisa kunye nokuzicingisisa-oko kukuthi, ukukwazi ukuqonda isimo somoya kunye nokuziphatha. Ikhono lokwenza uqhagamshelwano lomlomo nanoma yimuphi umntu.

Enyanisweni, akulula kakhulu ukufunda i-psychology yomntu. Kuqala kuphi? Ukuphuhlisa ulwazi. Kwi-psychologist ye-novice, le ngongoma ephambili. Ukuba umntu omtsha ujongene nombuzo: njani ukuqala ukufunda i-psychology ngokwakho, ngoko kukulungele ukuyibuyisela kwakhona - ngubani na oza kuqala isifundo. Uvela kuye. Ingcali yeengqondo ayiyi kukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki zabanye ngaphandle kokuba ifunde ukucombulula iingxaki zayo, iingxaki, ukwesaba kunye nemixhala.

Ukuxhomekeka

Umgama kunye nesidingo sokugcinwa kwayo kwindlela yokuqhuba incoko ifundwa nguloo nzu lulwazi njenge-proxyemics. Le ngcamango ifakwe kwisayensi ngu-Edward Hall.

U-Edward Hall wazisa kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi zeengqondo zeengqondo ezi-4, ekufuneka zigcinwe xa zixubusha:

• Uhlobo;
• Umntu;
• Indawo yoluntu;
• Loluntu.

Ukuqonda imeko yangaphakathi yabantu akulula. Ukufunda incwadi ayinangqiqo, ukuba umntu oqalayo akakwazi ukuqonda umoya wangaphakathi we-interlocutor.

Ingcali yeengqondo ayikwazi ukucinezela umntu. Xa engagcinanga umgama, umntu uya kuvala kwaye angazivumeli kwilizwe lakhe elingaphakathi.