Uphilisa - ngubani lo? Injongo kunye neLizwi leLizwi

Ngentwasahlobo, iRashiya iya kujongana nesiganeko esikhulu kunye nesigxina kakhulu: ukunikezelwa kwabakhethiweyo be-International Prize "Philanthropist 2014". Ngexesha lesibhozo, ibhaso iya kunikelwa kubantu abakhubazekileyo abanqobile isigulo sabo, baye benza ukuhamba okukhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Eli bhaso lidibanisa abaculi, oogqirha, amagosa, oomashishini, ukuzama ukunceda abantu abakhubazekileyo. Abantu abahlukeneyo baseRashiya badibanise phantsi komqondiso wale projekthi ukunceda abantu abanokukhubazeka ukuba baqhubele phambili ngokukhuselekileyo.

I-Russian philanthropist - ngubani lo?

Ngelishwa, namhlanje akubona wonke umntu okhumbula intsingiselo yeli gama. Izichazili zichaza ukuba umntu onobubele ngumntu onika imali ethile okanye inxalenye yecala lakhe kulabo abangenako ukuzibonelela. Ifomu elidala kunazo zonke lobubele, luthando, oluthembekileyo abathembekileyo, becela kwiimonasteri okanye iitempile. Nanamhlanje uthando aluphelelanga kwintando: lo mbono uye waba nzima kakhulu. Umhlahlandlela wamhlanje - ngubani lo? Lo ngumntu onako ukuxhasa abo bawufuna ngezenzo zakhe okanye izenzo zakhe. Ngelishwa, kwi-uluhlu lwamazwe ngamazwe -oligarchs, iRashiya inama-127 kwi-145. Izibalo ezingenangxaki ziye zazimisela ukuba iRussia engama-15 aseleyo kunazo zonke iRashiya unyaka ngamnye unikele ngokusondeza njengoBill no-Miranda Gates. Nguloo mlawuli jikelele we "Norilsk Nickel" V. UVotanin unamathela kwisifungo, esake sinikwa iGates noBuffett. Wathembise (nangona ezalisekisa isithembiso sakhe) ukunikela ngaphezu kwengxenye yentlalo yakhe kwimisebenzi emihle. Ngethamsanqa, i-Potanin ayiyena yedwa oxhasa abahlwempu.

Owona ogqwesileyo ophandle baseRussia

Ngoko ngubani ongububele? Wonke umntu uyaqonda intsingiselo yelizwi namhlanje ngendlela yabo. Ngoko, umzekelo, uRa. Abramovich usebenzisa i-fortune ekuxhaseni iqela lebhola lebhola, ecinga ukuba inzuzo. U-Suleiman Kerimov unciphisa imali yokusebenza kwabantwana abagula kakhulu. Maxa wambi uxhasa izikolo. UViktor Vekselberg unikela isabelo senzuzo yakhe yokubuyisela ixabiso lezithethe zaseRashiya . Ngamnye wabo kunye nabanye abantu abazizityebi bazimela ngokuzimeleyo ukuba ngubani na oza kuxhasa. I. Iprokhorova, umfazi we-oligarch owaziwayo, wakhalaza ukuba abanye bancedisa kuphela xa baxelwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngu-V. Putin okanye uRhulumente. Yintoni enye ithetha ngegama elithi "ububele"? Intsingiselo yelizwi lichasene nomxholo we "misanthrope" kwaye ibonisa ukukhathazeka okungathandekiyo ekuphuculeni ubomi boluntu ngokubanzi, ukuzincama kwintliziyo ngokubanzi. Ngaloo ndlela, u-V. Evtushenkov, owaziwayo kwilizwe lethu, uye wahlala enothando ngexesha elide kwiindlela ezininzi.

UVladimir Evtushenkov kunye negalelo lakhe eluthandweni

V. UVevushenkov mhlawumbi u-philanthropist owaziwayo kakhulu eRussia. Ngubani lo? Lo nguSihlalo weBhodi yabaLawuli be-AFK Sistema. Udale i-fund yakhe, exhasa isayensi nemfundo, imidlalo. ISiseko sizama ukulondoloza ilifa lemveli yelizwe, ukuphucula ubomi boluntu. Abasebenzi beNgxowa-mali bayayiqonda igama elithi "philanthropist" ngendlela yabo. Intsingiselo yelizwi ayigxilile kuphela ngeminikelo yemali, nangona kuphela iMyuziyam yaseRashiya ifumana iiruble ezigidi ngonyaka. Abasebenzi baxhasa ngokukhawuleza izazinzulu ezincinane, abadlali, ukudala izimo zokuphuhliswa kweetalente, ukuncedisa ukuqhubela phambili, ukuba badume. Kwakungu-V. Evtushenkov kunye nesiseko sakhe esasinceda ukuvula amagatsha amaninzi kwiMyuziyam yaseRashiya kweli lizwe. Omnye wabalingani bakaVtushenkov wabuzwa: "Ububelethi - ngubani lo?" Wanikela impendulo ehlakaniphile nengenangqiqo. Ngokweenkcazo zakhe, umntu onobubele ngumntu ofuna ukuphucula ubukho babantu.

Ziziphi ezinye i-Russian philanthropists ezenzayo?

Iimveliso zonyaka zivelisa abasomashishini abaRussia abaphezulu abanikela ngemali ebalulekileyo kwizinto ezithandwayo. Ukwahlula, ngokungafani nezichazi-magama, akuncedisi ukuqonda oko "uvelwano" lithetha, kodwa ngokucacileyo lubonisa ubuninzi bobubele. Iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu yokugqibela wayekhokelwa nguR. R. Abramovich. Ngaphandle kwerhafu yakhe (i-$ 12.5 billion), wachitha imali eyi-310 yezigidi kwi-charity. Emva kwakhe kwakusisiseko se-USM Holdings, u-Alisher Usmanov. Unesiqingatha sezigidigidi zeedola "ezihlwempuzekileyo" uAbramovich, kodwa oku akuzange kumvimbele ukuchitha ii-247 yezigidi kwimidlalo, ubugcisa kunye nesayensi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba kwixesha elidlulileyo, umgcini wobugcisa unamaxesha amaninzi amnyama: wagwetywa iminyaka eyi-8, kodwa kamva wakhululwa kwangaphambili. Icala lalibonakala lenziwe.

Imigca embalwa engaphantsi kwinqanaba elingu-A. Mordashov, i-CEO ye-ZAO "Severgrupp". Kwiminyaka emithathu edluleyo, wanikela ngezigidi ezili-103 kwi-9.5 billion. Umongameli oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu anesibhozo engumongameli waseLukoil kunye nomnini weSpartak, kunye nenzuzo "encinci" ye-5.2 yezigidigidi, achithe izigidi ezingama-31 ukuze kuzuze uluntu. Epheleleyo, uludwe lubandakanya aba-15 abaphandle.

Isifungo sesipho

Ngoko ngubani ongububele? Umntu ojonga ukuthanda umnxeba okanye umbopheleleko? Abantu abahlukeneyo baphendula ngokungafaniyo kulo mbuzo. Abantu baseMerika, abajwayele ukwenza umboniso, beza ne "Isidlo Somnikelo". Ngoko uBill Gates noWarren Buffett babiza umkhankaso wabo wobubele, owenziwe ngo-2010. Intshukumo, ngokuhambelana nabasunguli bayo, yenzelwe ukukhuthaza bonke abantu abacebileyo kunye nabangqalileyo behlabathi ukuba banikele uninzi lweenzuzo ezifunyenweyo kubantu abanesidingo. Ekuqaleni kuka-2013, ukunyuswa kwaxhaswa ngamagama angama-105 ehlabathi, kwaye inani elincinci leminikelo elindelekileyo liyi-125 125 billion.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba enye iRussia V. Yevtushenkov kunye nabaninzi abahlobo bakhe abanikeli izifungo kunye nezithembiso, kodwa ngonyaka banikela ngoncedo olubonakalayo kwisayensi, ezemidlalo, ukuchitha imali ekuxazululeni iingxaki zoluntu. Kwamanye amazwe, akusiwo wonke umntu oxhasa "Isidlo Somnikelo". Ngoko, ingonyama yangaphambili yelizwe, ingqondo yezemali, ububele beLillian Betancourt wenqaba ukujoyina inxaxheba, ishiya isigqibo sakhe ngaphandle kokuphawula. Ngexesha elifanayo, linalo imali ngengxowa-mali eyi-150 yezigidi ze-€, isiqingatha saso sihamba ngonyaka ukuxhasa uphuhliso nophando lwezenzululwazi.

Abafazi-abavukeli

I-Lilian Betancourt ayiyodwa. Kukho amancinci amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi "philanthropist". Ngubani lo? Nantsi izona zidumileyo, ezo zikhokelela uluhlu lwabesifazane abacebileyo behlabathi.

• U-Iris Fontona mhlawumbi ngumntu onesizotha kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ngubani lo? Umhlolokazi wase-Latin American multi billion. Ukuzinikela ngemali enkulu yothando, uhlala engaziwa. Kanye kuphela xa ekhanya emoyeni waseChile ye-marathon yeeyure ezingama-27, apho imali yayiqokelelwa kubantwana abanezifo ezinzima kwaye ezingenakuphilisa. Ukushiya isibini nje kwisiteji, u-Iris uthe wayenika i-$ 3 yezigidi.
• UJacqueline Mars, ibhinqa eyazi kakuhle into ephilileyo. Isangqa senkxaso yaso kubandakanya abafundi abanetalente, uluntu lwabagqirha, i-opera, ilayibrari yezemidlalo, njl. Ngeemfuno zale bantu kunye nemibutho i-fund eyenziwe nguJacqueline idlulisele ngaphezu kwe-10 yezigidi.
• Gina Reinhart. "I-Queen of Queens" yaseAstreliya, intatheli zityholwa ngokukrakra. Nangona kunjalo, kwavela ukuba uhlala exhasa imibutho ekhuselayo yamalungelo amabhinqa, kodwa ingenayo incognito.

Ububele: ngokuba kunye nokuchasene

Ububele, njengawuphi na uphahla loluntu, le ngcamango ingamangqangi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iziseko zoncedo zehlabathi lonke zisebenzisa amandla amakhulu ekuphuhliseni isayensi kunye nempilo yoluntu, inkcubeko nemfundo. Inzuzo enkulu evela kwiinkqubo zoncedo lwezenhlalakahle, ezazisungulwa nguCarnegie noRockefeller. Ndiyabulela kule nkqubo, ubukho obuyimpumelelo bume njengenye yamalungelo oluntu oluntu. Ukunyuka kweengcali kubancedise ukusindisa ubomi abaninzi, uye wabonelela ngoncedo oluxabisekileyo kwiintlalo ezininzi zentlalo.

Kodwa akusiyo yonke into engabonakaliyo. E-US, umsebenzi weengxowa-mali uhlukile kancinci kumgaqo-nkqubo welizwe, onomgomo wayo oyintloko "uphumelelo jikelele." Ukuhlala unika uncedo kwabampofu, izapolitiki kunye nabavukeli bezobubele batshintsha loo nto ukuze iUnited States izizukulwana ezininzi zikhulile, ngokwenene zaba ngabaxhomekeke kuyo. Ukuqhelana nokuncediswa ngoncedo, abafuni ukusebenza. Aba bantu balahlekelwa ukuzimela kwabo, baxhomekeke ekuncedeni uluntu rhoqo. Abaninzi babo abafuni ukusebenza, abakwazi ukutshintsha isikhundla sabo ngokwabo.

Olu luthando lwaba nempembelelo embi kwabafuduki. Baye bafumana uncedo lwentlalo noluntu. Iinkqubo zemfundo ekugqibeleni zakhokelela ekukhulisweni kwemilinganiselo yenkcubeko, ukulahlekelwa kobume besizwe. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zenhlalakahle zentlalo ezingasombulula iingxaki kunye neengxaki apho i-state ayinayo imithombo kunye nexesha elaneleyo. Yaye le yintloko enamandla kunye nenzuzo yobubele. Nangona kunjalo abathathi-nxaxheba kuloo ntshukumo babizwa ngokuba yi-philanthropists, oko kukuthi, abantu abanika inxaxheba kwabo bafuna uncedo.