Theory Antinormanskaya

Xa kuziwa antinormanskoy ithiyori, ngoko, Kakade ke, akunakwenzeka singasathethi ke Norman, leyo, enyanisweni, utyhala kuqala. Bobabini babo ingqalelo imbali karhulumente Russian. Ngokusekelwe yayo rhoqo kuqhutywa zonke iintlobo ngeembono zezopolitiko. Kunjalo, lo mba rhoqo bajamelana abameli ezininzi wenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo, ezifana nembali, Ezolimi, zakudala, ngokwemimandla nangeendlela njalo njalo.

Ukuqala theory Norman wafakwa kwiminyaka 30-60 lwekhulu XVIII, izazinzulu ukusuka Germany GF Miller I Bayer, ngelo xesha, abewenzela Academy of Sciences eSt Petersburg. Baye apapasha oluninzi imisebenzi zenzululwazi, ezinye okunikezelwe kwithiyori Norman, kwaye zingqineke okwesihlandlo sokuqala ngelithi ukuba urhulumente Old Russian wadala Vikings. Ngelo xesha asebenza kwi-Russian AL Schlötzer, mbali waseJamani ngubani uye wafundela imithombo yamandulo Russian yaye, ingakumbi, Nestor umkhumbuzi. Mhlawumbi Schlötzer kuba fan bangi of kwethiyori Norman.

Kodwa sisazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle MV Lomonosov, owabhala imbali Russia egameni uKumkanikazi Elizabeth I, kunye nenye VT mbali atischevym abadumileyo olwaba ngamandla lo mbono. theory Antinormanskaya isekelwe kuphando ezi izazinzulu. Bachitha ixesha elininzi ugqogqo ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo kunye isiza zakudala, ukuze ukufumana inyaniso. theory Antinormanskaya naye umxholo imisebenzi S. Gedeonov owabhala "Vikings kunye Rus '. mbali emithethweni Ilovajskij D. kunye M. Moroshkin likwaqhube uphando ngesi sihloko kwaye wayenza isabelo sayo inyaniso emsulwa. Ngoko ke, kukho iindlela ezimbini: Norman antinormanskoe (Slavic) elalithembele irekhodi ezimbini, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye Lavrentian Hypation.

Normanists bakholelwa ukuba ngaxa lithile izizwe uNorman waqalisa ukulawula empuma nokuxubana, bathimba kubo ngenxa kuphangwa ngendlela enoxolo, kwaye ndiqinisekile ukuba igama elithi "Russia" uye uNorman nemvelaphi. Naye antinormanskaya ingxabano theory evuna isibakala sokuba eli gama livele kuqala kulo kudala ngaphambi koko, kwixesha elide kakhulu kudala. iinkolelo zawo zisekelwe "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", nto leyo ibonisa ukuba ichasene izibakala e-worldwork theory Norman. Kukho yokurekhoda eyenziwe ngo-1852, nto leyo usixelela ukuba xa eseByzantium ngukumkani uMikhail, ilizwe Russian sele igama layo. Hypation and Laurentian yeziKronike zithi zonke izizwe zasentla Slavic wamema ngokusemthethweni ukuba ngukumkani kwakhe; naseRashiya, wayexakekile. Kodwa abaphandi DS Likhachev and Tikhomirov nilicekisile elo ngeno njengoko besingenisiwe kunye nazo ziquka ukwenzeka kwayo yeembali ukusa kwixesha elizayo. Bachaza ngale yezizathu zezopolitiko Mol ukuba zimelene kwaye aseByzantium Kiev Rus. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umbhali we umlando imvelaphi amazwe baye iinkosana ubukhosi.

Kakade ke, ngokusemthethweni azisoloko ngokupheleleyo utolike ngokwaneleyo izibakala zembali, kodwa antinormanskaya ithiyori une iziphoso zawo buqapheleke kakhulu. Akwenzeki ukuba ukukhanyela ukuba Normans abafumanekayo eRashiya yaye esebenzayo, baye bayeka uphawu yabo kwimbali. Abanye abaphika ubukho Rurik. Oku, Kakade, oko kunokwenzeka, kodwa amathuba kakhulu, kuba ithumba a Tari_pedigree elikhulu kwimbali. Ingakumbi ukuba yaka abathetheli kunye nookumkani kamva, livela Igor, waba ifani "Rurik" de ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVI.

Ukuze ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabini kunye antinormanskaya imfundiso noNorman ngemvelaphi the Old Russian unobangela karhulumente iingxabano phakathi nabalandeli babo. Kodwa ngubani na elungileyo, akukho namnye uya kusinda unokufaka ibango. Ukutyhubela iminyaka yobukho mbali zabo kuyincedile kuyincedile enye, ezinye ke icala.