Laurentian Chronicle - yinto ebalulekileyo yembali

Ekupheleni elinesine - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane elinesihlanu ukuya namhlanje-yemihla Russian liphuhlisa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Eli xesha yomhla Iingqameko ezininzi, abacwangcisi leyo ubuntu ziqaqamba kwexesha. Ababhali kula maphepha ziqokelelwa, oluguqulelweyo iziphene irekhodi ezikhoyo, wenze utshintsho lwakho kunye neengcamango.

Ngenxa yesithethe, incwadi entsha ngamnye yeembali yokuqala iingxelo waba phezu ubomi Kievan Rus. ababhali badla zibhekisela "Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka" waza wacaphula iindinyana kuyo. Ngoko ke, ngesethi entsha ngasinye okuqhubekayo chain liqhawuke yamabali malunga izixeko unina Russian. Chroniclers waphethulela ingqalelo yabo kuphela golden-angqukuva Kiev kunye nezinye izixeko ezikhulu ka Suzdal, Ryazan, Novgorod, eMoscow, uVladimir.

Ngumqulwana obaluleke eligcina ubomi ihlabathi lamandulo, nguye Laurentian Chronicle. Yena igama emva Lawrence, indela, owathi, kunye nabancedisi bakhe walibhala 1377. Indawo imvelaphi luthathwa iseti Suzdal-Nizhny Novgorod ulawulo, njengoko oku kungqinwe umbhalo kumaphepha imbali. Ngenxa yoko, ingxelo yokuqala Russian i ikopi yangaphambili ndaphoswa iseti kwaye iqulathe iinkcukacha malunga iziganeko phambi 1305.

Laurentian Chronicle iqala ngala mazwi: "I Tale of adlulileyo Iminyaka", nto leyo ibalaselisa ubukhulu of Russia. Kwakhona ifakiwe yeseti "Ukuyalela" Kiev Prince Vladimir Monomakh, ngubani wayedume ubulumko bakhe nokuqonda. Limema bakhaya ukunqanda uxabana isikhulu, ukulibala ingqumbo ume kunye zathu ekunene. Okulandelayo Laurentian Chronicle okubuhlungu isixelela umzabalazo nzima yabantu Russian nxamnye Mongol-AmaTatar, bambulale kabuhlungu abathetheli bakhe, yaye ubuqhawe abantu abaqhelekileyo.

Le umlando yabhalwa kwi olwandulela esimnandi Idabi Kulikovo. Ngoko ke iqulethe neminqweno abantu uloyiso phezu bahlaseli, ifowuni ukuba umanyano. Phakathi imigca waziva ukuqhubela phambili ubudlelwane phakathi Golden mkhosi ne eMoscow. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ngokukhuselekileyo sithi ukuba lo msebenzi kujongwe ukuba ekuphakamiseni komoya wobuzwe yabantu.

Laurentian Chronicle imele kakhulu Russian yokubhala memo. Umhla icaciswe ngumbhali - ngo-1377 kwikhalenda yamandulo, 6885 ibalwa ukususela ekudalweni kwehlabathi. Ubukhulu becala oku kutsalela izinto ekampini Vladimir-Suzdal 1164-1304 xesha. Kodwa kwakhona iqulethe iindaba oozilawuli zamazwe esemazantsi.

umlando Old ebesoloko kwatsala ingqalelo mbali, iingcali ezenkcubeko kunye nezinye iinzululwazi abanomdla ngamakhoboka. Kakade ke, lo mthombo wokuqala alukho uluntu ngokubanzi - usekhona ngenyameko yokugcina i-National Library of eRashiya, eSt Petersburg. Ngononophelo izikhumba abuyiselwe ngonyaka kokurholwa izihlandlo ezininzi ukuba ukuhlola ngokutsha.

Hayi ke kudala indawo ithala leencwadi ngumongameli kubo. Boris Yeltsin wabeka scan yedijithali yemicimbi yemihla, ukuze wonke umntu akwazi ukubona olu xwebhu ebalulekileyo yembali. Umntu ngamnye kuphela zama ukufunda okubhaliweyo ulwimi Old Slavonic, kodwa simazi okubhalwe kuyo kwi ngentetho yangoku Russian.