Ice olude Kornilov umkhosi. Ice March of Lamatsha Army

Iziganeko mbuso ezenzeka eRashiya ukususela ngoFebruwari ukuya ku-Oktobha 1917, phantse wabatshabalalisa yombuso yaye yakhokelela ukuba Swagger kweMfazwe Civil. Ukubona imeko enzima hlobo kweli lizwe, iintsalela zomkhosi basebukhosini isigqibo sokuba ukudibanisa imizamo yabo ukubuyisela mbane oluthembakeleyo ukuze aphumeze inyathelo emkhosini nje kuphela ngokuchasene iiBolsheviks, kodwa ukukhusela esaphuma nxamnye nokungena umhlaseli lwangaphandle.

Ukwenziwa Lamatsha Army

Ukuhlanganisa kaninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yento ebizwa-Alexis umbutho, ukuqala umsebenzi oluba ngemini ukufika jikelele. Kwaba imbeko yakhe kweli manyano ogama. Esi siganeko senzeke e Novocherkassk 2 (15) Novemba 1917

iiveki ezintandathu kamva, ngoDisemba ka nyaka, intlanganiso eyodwa sele iqokelelwe. It yayihanjelwe neerhuluneli of eMoscow ekhokelwa iinjengele. Enyanisweni, lo mbuzo ukwabiwa iindima kulawulo amajoni phakathi Kornilov ne Alekseev. Ngenxa yoko, kwagqitywa ekubeni igunya ngokupheleleyo emkhosini Kwathi ukusuka iinjengele yokuqala. Formation kwamalungu kunye ebenza babe ukulwa ukulungela epheleleyo wabelwa Lwabasebenzi Jikelele, elikhokelwa uLieutenant-General S. L. Markov.

Ngexesha leKrisimesi abantu yavakalisa ukuze bajoyine umyalelo yomkhosi General Kornilov. Ukususela ngoko ngokusemthethweni yaziwa ngokuba zamavolontiya.

Imeko e Don

Ngoko ke akukho mfihlakalo ukuba icandelo elisandula kusekwa Army Jikelele Kornilov ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo ukuxhasa Don Cossacks. Kodwa akuzange ifunyenwe. Ngaphezu koko, lo iiBolsheviks baqalisa compress ebengumsesane bayijikeleza imizi yonke Rostov kunye Novocherkassk, kwaye Army ivolontiya ngokungxama ngaphakathi kwakhe, isisifo simelana nokubandezeleka iilahleko ezinkulu. Baphulukene inkxaso Don Cossacks, ndingumthetheli womkhosi Jikelele Kornilov, 9 (22) NgoFebruwari Don wagqiba ukuba ahambe aye kwidolophana Olginskaya. Ngoko ke waqalisa lo Ice Matshi 1918.

I Rostov wamshiya baba baninzi iiyunifomu, iimbumbulu kunye oonokrwece, kwakunye kwiivenkile zonyango kunye nabasebenzi - bonke umkhosi abancinci kangangokuba kwafuneka abagcina iindlela kuwo umzi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba akukho Alekseev okanye Kornilov kodwa wabhenela ekubsndakanyeni ngenkani kunye kwezincwadi nempahla.

emzaneni Olginskaya

Ice March of Lamatsha Army waqalisa kuhlela yayo. Ukufika kuloo lali Olginskaya, abantu ziye zohlulwa 3 nomkhosi butho: yabanqolobi, Kornilov ukothuka kunye neengcingo-igosa. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva amavolontiya ndemka kowethu bafudukela ukuya Ekaterinodar. Yaba iphulo lokuqala Kuban Ice, esenzeka ngokusebenzisa elalini Chomutov, Kagalnitskaya kunye Egorlykskaya. Army ngokufutshane wangena ummandla kwiphondo aseStavropol, uze uphinde-bangena kummandla Kuban. Kuyo yonke indlela yayo amavolontiya njalo amatyala phezulu axhobileyo kunye Red Army. Ngokuthe ngcembe Kornilovites gaba thinned, yaye yonke imihla baba mbalwa kakhulu.

ndaba olungalindelekanga

1 (14) NgoMatshi i-Red Army yayixakekile Ekaterinodar. Ngosuku ngaphambili, Colonel VLPokrovsky namabutho bakhe bemka esixekweni, nto leyo nzima kakhulu le meko sele kunokuba nzima kwamavolontiya. Amarhe ukuba Reds esaphethe Ekaterinodar ukuya Kornilov yafika ngosuku olulandelayo, xa babemise kwisikhululo Settlement, kodwa abazange baqhoboshele ukubaluleka kakhulu. Emva kweentsuku 2 elalini Korenovskaya leyo wathabatha amavolontiya ngenxa lokulwa bungwanyalala, bafumana omnye emagumbini iphephandaba eSoviet. Apho, kwavakala ukuba ngokwenene iiBolsheviks wathabatha Ekaterinodar.

Kufumaneke iindaba devalued ngokupheleleyo iphulo Ice Kuban, ngexesha apho nto yahlawulwa amakhulu ubomi babantu. Jikelele Kornilov sagqiba kukhokelela umkhosi wakhe ukuba Ekaterinodar babuye nasemzantsi uwele Kuban. Wayefuna waphumla namajoni akhe kwiidolophana Circassian needolophana intaba Cossack kunye salinda kancinane. Esi sigqibo Kornilov, Denikin ngokuba "impazamo esibulalayo" yaye, kunye Romanovsky bazama ukumnqanda-mkhosi eli nyathelo. Kodwa jikelele elukhuni.

Hlanganisa amabutho

Ebusuku ukususela-5 ukuya kwisi-6 iphulo Ice Matshi Kornilov Army waqhubeka kwicala lasemzantsi. Emva kweentsuku 2, amavolontiya wawela iElbe waza waya Maikop, kodwa wajika ukuba kule ndawo, kwifama nganye kufuneka ukuba athathwe ukuba alwe. Ngoko ke, jikelele yasuka yajika entshonalanga, wawuwela uMlambo White, wakhawuleza ukuya auls Circassian. Apha, wayenethemba nje kuphela kuphumla umkhosi wakhe, kodwa kwakhona ukudibanisa kunye amajoni Kuban Pokrovsky.

Kodwa njengoko idatha yakutshanje kwi intshukumo Lamatsha Army isikhulu wayengekho, wayeka ukuzama ukuba atyhudise, abheke Maikop. Basil wagqiba ukuba le Kuban River nokuxhuma abendlu ka Kornilov, owayesele wakwazi ukubaleka apho. Ngenxa yale ukudideka, imikhosi emibini - Kuban kunye amavolontiya - uzama ukufumana komunye kunini na. Ekugqibeleni on March 11, baye baphumelela.

Village Novodmitrievskaya: Ice olude

Kwaba ngoMatshi 1918. Abahlupha iikhilomitha ngemihla imingcelele kunye amadabi buthathaka umkhosi kwakufuneka aye nge kumhlaba viscous emnyama, njengoko wajika embi ngequbuliso imozulu, yaqalisa ukuna imvula. Yena indawo iqabaka, idumbile kangaka iiyunifomu amajoni imvula 'ziye ngokoqobo ngumkhenkce. Ukongeza, kabukhali ebandayo e ezintabeni lawisa ikhephu elininzi. Iqondo lobushushu lehla ukuya -20 ⁰S. Njengokuba kamva waxelela nxaxheba kunye namangqina ezo ziganeko, bancwine abahlatyiweyo abo kuthuthwa iinqwelo, ngokuhlwa kwafuneka ukuba ahambe kunye bayonets abunjwe malunga nawo ice uqweqwe zamafu.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba Ngaphezu koko, phakathi kuMatshi, kwakusekho into kuqubisana okhohlakeleyo ukuba wehla kwimbali njengoko kuliwee kwilali Novodmitrievskaya apho abantu abalwa ingakumbi ukwahlula Isishwankathelo-amagosa webutho. Kamva, phantsi kwesihloko "Ice Matshi" baqala ukuqonda kulo mlo, kwakunye ongaphambili kunye zilandelayo naye phezu zinakho wayifulela ice uqweqwe emathafeni.

Ukungena yesivumelwano

Emva kokuba imfazwe kwi kwilali Novodmitrievskoy lokusekwa wamajoni, i Kuban iye esicetywayo sizidibanise kwi Yamavolontiya Ibutho amalungelo butho elizimeleyo. Kutshintshiselwano, ukuba wathembisa ukuba negalelo wemvula kunye supply amajoni. On iimeko ezinjalo wavuma nangoko General Kornilov. iphulo Ice waqhubeka, namandla yasemkhosini landile ukuya 6 amawaka. Man.

Amavolontiya isigqibo kwakhona ukuya elikomkhulu Kuban - Ekaterinodar. Nangona amagosa abasebenzi nayenza isicwangciso yokusebenza, amajoni ukuhlengahlengisa waphumla kuliwa ekuhlaselweni ezininzi kwiBolsheviks.

Ekaterinodar

Ice olude Kornilov Army lusondele ekugqityweni. Matshi 27 (Aprili 9) amavolontiya bawela umlambo. Kuban nensimbi storm Ekaterinodar. City wasivuna umkhosi 20000th obomvu, owawukhokelwa Sorokin ukuzimela. Ukuzama ukuba thatha Ekaterinodar akuphumelelanga, koko, emva kweentsuku 4 ngenxa kwenye kwinkxalabo iqokobhe random wabulawa General Kornilov. imisebenzi bakhe phezu Denikin.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba Army NjengeVolontiya wayesilwa bume ngokupheleleyo kunye neemeko ophezulu kumaxesha amaninzi imikhosi Red Army. Ilahleko ngoku malunga 4 wambulala Denikin kunye 1.5 amawaka. Walimala. Kodwa ke, nangona oku, i-jikelele kunjalo ikwazile lokusirhoxisa umkhosi-bume ye River Don.

Aprili 29 (May 12) kunye yokutyiwa Denikin umkhosi wakhe waya ngasezantsi kummandla Don ukuya kwindawo Walk-Borisovka - Mechetinsky - Egorlytskaya, yaye ngosuku olulandelayo intaba Ice Kornilov, owathi kamva waba lamandulo lwentshukumo White, wagqitywa.

nqubo eSiberia

Winter 1920 phantsi Ukuhlasela utshaba yaqala kokurhoxa eMpuma Front, owawukhokelwa Admiral Kolchak. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo msebenzi wathabatha ndawo, kwakunye intaba umkhosi Kornilov kaThixo, phantsi kweemeko zemozulu kunye nemozulu kakhulu nzima. ZeMidlalo yokuQabela ubude ngeenyawo malunga 2 amawaka. Km ukubaleka ecaleni kwendlela ka Novonikolaevsk kunye Barnaul kunye Chita. Wabizwa ngokuba "Eli phulo Ice YaseSiberia" phakathi kwamasoldati, yokuba i-White Army.

Olu tshintsho nzima waqala Novemba 14, 1919, xa inxalenye White Army wemka eOmsk. Imikhosi eyayikhokelwa V. O. Kappelya lihambe ecaleni Trans-aseSiberia Railway, ithwele kwizikhundla longxwelerhiweyo. Ngokoqobo phezu izithende kubo nokusukelana Red Army. Ngaphezu koko, le meko kwenziwa nzima nangakumbi udlame ezininzi, ebengezelayo ngasemva, kwakunye lathatyathwa imigulukudu ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqela yabanqolobi. Ukuba phezulu kwayo konke, eli elibalwa nayo lyutymi kuneqabaka zaseSiberia.

Nangona kaloliwe zalawula Czechoslovak lweSizwe, ngoko amajoni Jikelele Kappel banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye iimoto kunye nokudlulisela le ebusika. Emva koko, i-White Army waba ingxilimbela ubukhulu sleigh wonogada.

Xa kwafika abantu abamhlophe ukuba Krasnoyarsk, isixeko bagwilika ekampini phantsi umyalelo Gen. Bronislaw Zinevych owenza ngoxolo iiBolsheviks. Yena Kappel wabongoza ukuba benze okufanayo, kodwa wala. Ekuqaleni kuka January 1920 olwenzeka zeenkcuba embalwa, emva koko ngaphezu kwama-12 amawaka. Abamhlophe yawujikeleza Krasnoyarsk, awela umlambo Yenisei waza waya ngasempuma. Malunga inani elifanayo amajoni wakhetha anikezele ikampu umzi.

Ukumka Krasnoyarsk, lo mkhosi yahlulwe kwimiqolo. Okokuqala umthetho K. yiSakharov, ogama amajoni kukuhamba kwimizila kaloliwe kunye nohola yaseSiberia. Ikholam yesibini yaqhubeka luhamba ukhokelwa Ice Kappel. Bethutha kuqala ecaleni Yenisei River, kwaye ke kufuphi nomlambo Kan. Le nto yenzeka kakhulu ezinzima neziyingozi. Isibakala sokuba p. Kang waye legqunyiwe ngomaleko ikhephu naphantsi kwalo elibaleka imithombo qhwa yamanzi. Kwaye 35 degrees zero! Emkhosini kwafuneka ukuhamba-hamba ebumnyameni kwaye rhoqo kuwela emngxunyeni kwi ngumkhenkce, ezingabonakaliyo ngokupheleleyo phantsi ikhephu ziyatyeba. Abaninzi kubo bhuxe, wahlala ukuxoka, yaye abanye umkhosi ukuya phambili.

Ngexesha le nqubo, yajika ukuba Jikelele Kappel zaqina iinyawo zakhe, Esiwa phantsi, umhlonyane. Yena wenziwa utyando ukuze lomzimba umlenze kwenziwa. Ukongeza, ukusuka emzimbeni, waye wagula ne pneumonia. Phakathi-Januwari 1920 White wayithimba Kansk. ngosuku lwamashumi amabini analunye enyangeni leyo, uMlawuli Ephakamileyo Russian ye'Bolsheviks Kolchak Czechs kukhutshwa. Emva kweentsuku 2, wayesele Kappel jikelele ukufa yaqokelelwa ngecebo Army Staff. Kwagqitywa ukuba athathe i-Irkutsk nakwiinkqwithela akhulule Kolchak. January 26 Kappel wafa kunye nephulo Ice ekhokelwa General Wojciechowski.

Ukususela ukukhuthazwa White Army kwi Irkutsk ukuba ngandlel kwalibaziseka ngenxa ukulwa rhoqo, wathabatha ithuba Lenin, lowo wakhupha umyalelo ukudubula Kolchak. Wabulawa ngomhla we-7 kuFebruwari. Ukufunda le, lo jikelele wala Wojciechowski elithe ngoku kuba nantsingiselo Irkutsk ukuhlasela. Emva koko, amajoni ayo wawela izimvu kunye esitishini. Mysovaya lolayisho bonke ababuleweyo, abagulayo kunye nabasetyhini kunye nabantwana koololiwe. Abanye baqhubeka Ice Enkulu Siberian Matshi ukuya Chita, nto leyo amalunga namakhulu amathandathu neekhilomitha. Njengoko bangena esixekweni ekuqaleni kuka March 1920.

Xa shift wayephethe, Jikelele Wojciechowski waseka ibhaso elitsha - ". Kuba komjikelo Enkulu yaseSiberia" Baye zanikwa bonke abathathe inxaxheba amagosa kuyo kunye namajoni. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba le siganeko sembali kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo wamkhumbuza ngokucacile amalungu eqela lomculo "Kalinov Bridge". "Ice Matshi" - yaba igama icwecwe abazinikeleyo ngokupheleleyo kokurhoxa yomkhosi Kolchak eSiberia.