Izinyithi kwealkali

izinyithi kwealkali - francium, atom, rubidium, potassium, isodiyam, Lithium - wabelithiyiwe ngenxa yokuba indlela kwealkali ukusabela ngamanzi. Ngenxa ukukwazi eliphezulu ukuba asabele ezi zinto kufuneka igcinwe phantsi umaleko yamafutha izimbiwa okanye separafini. Eyona esebenzayo ezi zihlanganisi igqalwa francium (i radioactive).

izinyithi kwealkali - izinto ezithambileyo, umbala ubuhle. kumphezulu wazo kukhiwa unalo ukukhazimla isici. izinyithi kwealkali ziye zaphela uphekele kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi, yiba conductivity eliphezulu thermal kunye zombane. Kwakhona kufuneka ezixineneyo eliphantsi.

Iipropati lwemichiza zesinyithi kwealkali

Substances zingabameli ukunciphisa ngamandla, le khompawundi ukubonisa ukuba iqondo igcwala (unique) +1. Ngenxa yokwanda atomic ubunzima izinyithi kwealkali kwandenza ndakwazi nokunciphisa. Phantse yonke le khompawundi ezinyibilikayo emanzini, ukuba ionic ngokwendalo.

Nge ukufudumeza oluphakathi iintsimbi kwealkali phemba umoya. Ngokuhlangana ne-hydrogen yenze hydrides iziyobisi ityuwa-like. iimveliso omlilo kuvame peroxides.

oxides metal kwealkali izinto eziqinileyo etyheli (oxides of rubidium kunye potassium), emhlophe (oxides sodium kunye lithium) kunye-orenji (atom oxide) imibala. Ezi oxides ayakwazi zakudibana namanzi,-asidi, ioksijini, acid kunye oxides amphoteric. Ezi mpawu ezingundoqo lokuba bonke bephela kwaye babe nesimilo ngokukhawuleza.

peroxides zesinyithi kwealkali - powder umbala omthubi omhlophe. Bona bayakwazi zakudibana icarbon dioxide kunye neegesi carbon monoxide, ii-asidi, nonmetals, amanzi.

hydroxides metal kwealkali ezinyibilikayo emanzini, eziqinileyo ezimhlophe. Kuzo ezi zihlanganisi ziboniswa (eqaqambileyo ngokwaneleyo) Iipropati esisiseko alkalis. iziseko Lithium ku Franz amandla kunye neqondo ukunyibilika ekuphileni kwandisa emanzini. Hydroxides ingqalelo electrolytes ibingenamongo ngokwaneleyo. Idibene neetyuwa, hydroxides amphoteric kunye oxides, ezithile non-ngesinyithi, oxides acid. Ngaphandle compound ne lithium ukuphumla ukubonisa uzinzo thermal. Calcining lithium hayidroksayidi yi yokubola wayo emanzini kunye oxide. Uthe khompawundi zifunyanwa ngokusebenzisa electrolysis kwezisombululo zolwelo chloride eziliqela basabele metabolic. Hydroxides walungisa kwakhona ngezixhobo baphendule (okanye oxides) kunye namanzi.

Phantse zonke iintsimbi iityuwa echazwe (ngaphandle iityuwa ezithile lithium) ezinyibilikayo emanzini kakuhle. Lisekwa asidi ababuthathaka, izisombululo saline kufuneka eliphakathi reaction (ialakalin) ngenxa haydrolisis ye ityuwa kwakhiwa asidi Ndisomelele nje hydrolyzed. iityuwa efanayo ilitye (sodium) ityuwa, iglu silicate (iglasi yamanzi), potassium nitrate, bertoletova ityuwa, potassium permanganate, soda asebhotileni, soda uthuthu, kunye nabanye.

Zonke iikhompawundi kwealkali uyakwazi ukutshintsha umbala edangatyeni. Lusetyenziswa uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali. Ngenxa yoko, nelangatye carmine ebomvu zidyojwe ion lithium, in Violet - ion potassium in yellow - sodium pink ezimhlophe - rubidium, nemisonto-red - atom.

Ngenxa yokuba zonke iiseli obrak zezona arhente ukunciphisa zinamandla, ukuba inokufumana iityuwa etyhidiweyo yi electrolysis.

Ukusebenzisa metal kwealkali

Iziqalelo zisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Umzekelo, atom lisetyenziswa iiseli yombane. Ebizwa ingxubevange isetyenziswa njengomkhawulezisi Lithium. Sodium ikhona izibane igesi-ukubhobhoza, iziphenduli zenyukliya njengesipholisi. Umsebenzi wophando iyasetyenziswa rubidium.