Yintoni theodolite? Iinxalenye ezingundoqo theodolite, isimiso ukusebenza, ukusetyenziswa

Geodesy - enye zenzululwazi ezindala emhlabeni. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-17, oososayensi baqalisa ukuba zizakhele eliphezulu-ngqo yokuqala izixhobo zokukala, yaba theodolite phakathi kwabo. Yintoni theodolite? Kutheni lento kufuneka? Kutheni theodolites asetyenziswa namhlanje? Makhe sizame ukuhlangabezana nale miba.

Ingcaciso theodolite

Theodolite - ngobuciko isixhobo geodetic eyenzelwe ububanzi (tye kunye nkqo) umlinganiselo ukuba ucando. Theodolite yi U-emise kwaye ibekwe ukwindlela yokuma okhethekileyo.

Inxalenye theodolite kwaye isebenza njani

Xa engile nganye yokulinganisa uyilo isixhobo enikiweyo Le ndawo iphambili ilandelayo:

• Telescope kunye nokwanda ubuninzi ethile, ntsho tregernyh ziintsika. Kubonakala mkhanyo.
• Ezithe nkqo nkqo (lomzimba) imigaqo Countdown.
• Khulu (shkalovoy okanye umgca) lokufunda le izangqa.
• uluhlu ukujikajika isale imivumbo zakhe, ngokuqinileyo yesondo imilenze (ialidade).
• Ngezikhonkwane nama iadaptha, ukuvumela kakuhle ukulungisa ukulungisa imeko kwefowuni.
• Wokumisa, okanye ilothe enombala, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukumisela kwakhona kwindawo eyiyo esixhobo phezu mmandla ngongoma.
• Enemilenze lofakelo a theodolite.

ngezigaba

Ngokutsho kumthetho theodolites zahlulwe zibe enombala, laser, digital kunye lokushicilela.

Yintoni theodolite optical? Esi sixhobo emboxo echanekileyo kwaye ithembekile engadingi ukuba iibhetri emsebenzini, kwaye eyona nabalulamileyo kulo msebenzi. Iisampulu eziveliswa isikali goniometric. imemori yangaphakathi ayifumaneki, ngoko ngokuqhelekileyo luqhutywa idayari entsimini.

Yintoni laser theodolite? Le goniometer, izenzo ezisekelwe ngokusekelwe ekusetyenzisweni nocamba laser zizsetyenziswa njengezalathisi oluchanileyo. izixhobo zokulinganisa kunye yerediyo ezi ebumbene. Imilinganiselo kwenziwe kwimo ezenzekelayo liboniswe.

Yintoni theodolite yedijithali? Isiseko sesi sixhobo kwenza disc ikhowudi ye-bha, owathatha izangqa njengesiqhelo. Imilinganiselo lwenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ekwakheni babonelelwa imemori igcina idata ngokwemilinganiso. Theodolites LCD kunye nezondlo linokusetyenziswa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Phototheodolites - goniometer yeklasi elizimeleyo. Goniometer ngokokwakheka eqhagamshelwe lwecamera okanye ikhamera movie. Zisetyenziswa ukugqiba uququzelelo ezinto okanye iindlela.

Ngokutsho theodolites zokwakha zahlulwe zibe ezilula kunye nezifundo. Xa izixhobo ezilula ialidade yokubolekisana ngokuzimeleyo ukusuka limbus. Le zabaphindayo ukuba uphendule, ngokuzimeleyo okanye ngokudibeneyo.

Ngokutsho Ukuchaneka goniometer zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

• Precision (imposiso ngaphantsi kwe-1 yesibini).
• Ningabizi (kwisekhondi-2 ukuya kwi-10).
• Technical (ukusuka kwimizuzu 0.25 ukuya ku-0.5).

Isiqalo

Kuba isikali reference ngongoma ikhethiwe, apho iqondo eliphezulu okuchaneka isetelwe isixhobo. Kwimeko uphando angaphantsi ukuba kwenzeka xa imisebenzi ucando theodolite inyuselwa ngaphantsi.

Telescope kufuneka zibekwe kumgangatho wamehlo. Theodolite ibekwe ngaphezu ingongoma liliso ngokushukumisa bema, uze kanye usebenzisa i bob enombala okanye ilothe. ngezikhonkwane platform ezithathu tye ukunceda ukucwangcisa indawo tyaba isixhobo phezu ingongoma. Ukuya axis nkqo esixhobo ingqamana ilothe kwindawo engundoqo ye igutyana zezindlu ulungelelene.

Ngaphezu koko, ifowuni esiqingqiweyo, ikhangelwe ukuba ufakelo echanekileyo: nezamazembe theodolite kwaye zijikeleza indawo ebona kumjikelo kunye zezindlu kwinqanaba bubble. Enye division kwisikali ngumphakamo eliphezulu avumelekile. Reticle, ukufa kwamalungu omzimba shkalovogo microscope kufuneka ibonakale ngokucacileyo kweteleskopu.

Ukulinganisa angles

Ukulinganiswa-engile tye theodolite imi ngolu hlobo. Ialidade yanikwa ekhohlo yi izidanga malunga 30-40 aphephe. Kunye crosshairs Screw lidiza uqhutyelwe phezu ingongoma emehlweni. Ukufunda zithathelwe theodolite. Ngaphezu koko, jija isikhonkwane eqwalasele liyafa kwaye lujoliswe kwezinye kwindawo, kwaye reading zithathwe. Ukuphucula ukuchaneka ngokwemilinganiso, kuyimfuneko a reshoot. Telescope eliguqulelwe ngokuthi bade, zeesampulu ziyasuswa. Xa iimeko laboratory kubalwa avareji womlinganiselo result. Iziphumo Imposiso ngokudubula ngokuphindaphindiweyo akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwe kabini ngokuchaneka eso sixhobo. Le angles nkqo alinganiswa ngokufanayo, kodwa usebenzisa isangqa nkqo.

Fields of application

Theodolite isetyenziswa geodesy, isimo, umsebenzi wokwakha kwaye kwezinye iindawo apho kufuneka ukuchana umlinganiselo ophezulu. Theodolites ezidingekayo:

• Xa kwakusakhiwa womnatha geodetic ngu triangulation, behla.
• Ekwenzeni iimaphu ngesimo kunye nezicwangciso.
• Xa imisebenzi civil (ukulungisa ngqo okanye zilaliswe isakhiwo position).

Theodolite - enye yamacebo ibalulekileyo geodetic, apho ukuchaneka womlinganiselo ephakamileyo multifunctionality. Ingasetyenziswa ukulinganisa engile nkqo nkqo. Kuyinto buyafuneka emsebenzini, apho ufuna ukuchaza ngokucacileyo kwisikhundla sokuba ilothe yokulungelelanisa.