Sodium silicate

Silicates (ukusuka kwigama lesiLatini "silex" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "ilitye") kuthiwa metasilicic H2SiO3 ityuwa. Umzekelo, isodiyam silicate, ifomula kabani chemical ibhalwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Na2SiO3. Elinye igama ityuwa - metasilicate sodium. ubunzima izinyo osisiqu ilingana 122,06 g / Mol. Imbonakalo - ziikristale ezimhlophe ngaphaya kwawo ukuba unomona oluhlaza. Konga ilingana 2.4 g / cm3. Purity lubonakala ngokuba isalathiso zokunganyangeki, leyo ilingana 1.52. Lokunyibilika - dibanisa 1088 ° C. Le into enyibilikayo emanzini ezingenakunyibilika butywala. Isisombululo hlambulula zolwelo has iimpawu ezizodwa: oko batywiliselwe amaqanda fresh kunokugcinwa ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezilithoba kwiqondo lobushushu igumbi. Sodium silicate uqinile kumajelo eendaba cala kwaye obrak, kwaye anion asidi SiO3- idityaniswe ukuse- H + ukwakha silicic acid.

Silica (ekwabizwa ngokuba dust okanye acetic silicic) yeyona compound iyizinzise leyo eyenzeka ngokwendalo ngokohlobo zwi. Okubangela-12% konyanzeliso kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Silica ne ubumdaka yinto intlabathi eqhelekileyo, oluthi luqokelelane yi ukutshatyalaliswa yengxondorha. Phantsi yesenzo kwealkali kwi dust iikhemikhali reaction: NaOH + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + H2O. Ngenxa yoko, akukho namnye silicic acid - sodium silicate. Haydrolisis of ityuwa (yokubola ngamanzi) lulandela inkqubo: 2Na2SiO3 + H2O → Na2SiO5 + 2NaOH , kesodiyam dvumetasilikat ndakubumba. Njengoko ukuhla ingqalelo yesisombululo, haydrolisis kwenzeka kakhulu. In 1N. isisombululo hydrolyzed ka-14% ityuwa 0.1N. - 28% ukuya 0.001% - 32%. Haydrolisis sodium dvumetasilikata sele yhuu ngokuncipha.

Sodium silicate ukhandwa impefumlelwano lesilicon kunye kwealkali: Si + H2O + 2NaOH → Na2SiO3 + 2H2. indlela enjalo yenzeke kunye alkalies buthathaka, kwaye kulula kakhulu ngamanzi phambi nkqu isixa ezingephi OH- anions imizila ngokwaneleyo kwealkali acatshulwe kwi-glass. Ekubeni metasilicate sodium kwakhiwa apha ityiwa a metasilicic acid njengongenamandla, isisombululo yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano oko phantse ngokupheleleyo hydrolyzed, uyazikhomba OH- ion akuthethi bunciphe ngexesha indlela, ngoko sihla ukuya yokubola amanzi lesilicon. Lakalokunje khondo of kuvala kwealkali. Ukususela 0,63 kg lesilicon ngale ndlela ifunyenwe 1 m3 hydrogen, kanti yentsimbi uya kufuna phantse 4 ngaphezulu.

Kushishino, amabakala ahlukeneyo sodium silicate luphawulwa umlinganiselo SiO2 kunye Na2O. Oku kunokwahluka ukusuka 2: 1 ukuya 3,75: 1. Imihlanganisela ezinomlinganiselo ka-2,85: 1 ngezantsi zithathwa esisiseko. Abo ezinomlinganiselo siphezulu kwachazwa ngokuthi "cala." Sodium silicate in uhlobo izisombululo zolwelo ingqalelo ezi iglasi ulwelo okanye emanzini. Kodwa kunye Na2SiO3 kwi ngeglasi langoku amanzi kunye nezinye silicates isodiyam ke ukwakhiwa yayo yesiqhelo oluvakaliswe ifomula, leyo kulinganisiwe, Na2O • nSiO2, apho n = 2 ÷ 4. Ukupheliswa kancane SiO2 (ngokuqhelekileyo ngexesha yokugcina ixesha elide) kukhokelela yinkungu okanye waterglass kwaguquka maxa wambi ubunzima gelatinous. Ngoko ke, elabhoratri eliphethwe kwiinqanawa, ivaliwe kunye okuthintela ngerabha, njengoko cortical okanye iglasi entanyeni stick.

Sodium silicate isetyenziswa ekuveliseni emigutyeni isepha. Imveliso zoNyaka iglasi ilulwelo amakhulu amawaka eetoni. Isetyenziswa ukomeleza umhlaba ngexesha lokwakha (umz, eziphathekayo ukhuselo kumgangatho screed nxamnye lingonakali), kwakunye nezinye wezenzi, ezifana sodium tripolyphosphate, isetyenziswe mveliso ezininzi (zombini iityuwa, umz, asetyenziselwa ukuthambisa amanzi). Ukumitha Na2SiO3 iindlela zemoto ikhonkrithi kunciphisa kakhulu, banxibe zabo.

ibe ziinkuni okanye ezinye izinto zokukhusela kwimililo (umz, izakhiwo okanye ubuhle wokubonelwa). Lidla lisebenza njengesiseko ukuqinisa eliyinjubaqa okanye iglu iphepha. Simple ukwakheka putty efanelekileyo lib, imveliso yephondo kunye negilasi. Ingalungiswa ngokuxuba (ukuya intlama kane) ngetshokhwe ngeglasi ulwelo. Lo mxube ngokukhawuleza lukhuni kwaye ajike emhlophe, kunye nobunzima okuqinileyo kakhulu.

Zesamente, ugalelwe kwiglasi ulwelo, yenza lukhuni ngokukhawuleza putty, esetyenziswa amatye nimanyane. Umxube sodium silicate kunye esisesweni zisetyenziswa ukuvala isithuba phakathi kweendonga ezimbini kwezinye isefu. Oku kwenza ukuba ingatshi lula ngakumbi, yaye kwakhona ukhonza usikhusele emnyango ngokusebenzisa itotshi iasithilini ngenxa umsi enzima, kwaqala i alarm.