Ubume ulwazi lwezenhlalo

Ubume ulwazi lwezenhlalo bubonwa ngababhali ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, iindlela ezahlukeneyo ziboniswe imisebenzi Comte, Osipova, Sorokin, Durkheim kunye nabanye.

Umzekelo, iimfundiso jikelele Sorokin udidi thaca kwi yocaciso lwefomu okanye isenzeko ekuhlaleni kuluntu, inkcazo iimpawu yayo ephambili, uhlalutyo inkqubo yentsebenziswano. Ubume ulwazi lwezenhlalo, ngokwembono yakhe, nayo iquka inkcazelo imiyalelo mihla ithiyori kwaye iimfundiso neendlela yokuhlalisana.

Inkqubo Sorokin kwakhona wakhetha njengecandelo nkqubo karhulumente, imfuza nezixhotyana.

ubucukubhede Social wabiza isifundo lweepateni, leyo ebonakaliswa iziganeko zentlalo.

yemfuza yeNtlalo ukufunda ngemvelaphi kunye nophuhliso bobabini yoluntu kunye namaziko ayo: usapho, ulwimi, inkolo, ubugcisa, nomthetho, uqoqosho kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, eli candelo isaphonononga iintsingiselo eziphambili zembali ukuba ziyaphuma indlela yembali ekuphuhliseni uluntu kunye namaziko ayo.

nkqubo loLuntu ingxelo kwezi ndlela, ebonisa iindlela apho kunokwenzeka kwaye aluncedo ukuphucula ubomi ekuhlaleni.

Le ngezentlalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian Osipova, isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo linikwa noko ngokwahlukileyo. Ngokukodwa, oko kuquka izifundo ahlukeneyo kunye nezentlalo. Zakutshanje bamele ubuchule, iindlela, amanani, kunye nakwimathematika. Le nkqubo kwakhona kuquka isebe isosioloji iinkqubo, kwezentlalo.

Enye ngezentlalo ezaziwayo-kakuhle Russian Iityhefu zazikho kwiincwadi zakhe imbono eyahlukileyo kancinane. Ngenxa yoko, isakhiwo ulwazi lwezenhlalo, leyo wacebisa ukuba eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo esebenzayo zengxaki ezenziwayo lwezenhlalo.

Ngenxa yoko, Iityhefu wakhetha ingqiqo jikelele, lo mbono ekhethekile isicelo ulwalathiso, kuquka ubuchwepheshe kunye nendlela yophononongo.

kwabantu ngokubanzi, ngokutsho ityhefa amaziko kwi isifundo sphere yoluntu isenzeko okanye inkqubo ngokubanzi kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi owafunda practice. indawo Isicelo kakhulu le sifundo amaqela athile, ngamnye. Technology kunye nqubo isifundo kunye nokusetyenziswa iindlela, ubuchule kunye nobugcisa practice.

Contemporary Sociology thaca iingcamango ezintsonkothileyo multilevel, iintlobo ngolwazi, amaqhina oqhagamshelwano phakathi kwezinye. I Zakwantu yahlulwe ezi zinto zilandelayo njengezinto yayo:

1. macrosociology theoretical component. Olu shishino isekelwe ingqiqo yentlalo wefilosofi ethile.
2. Ulwazi ezisekelwe iingqiqo isicelo kusetyenziswa isifundo esinye okanye enye esezantsi yoluntu.
3. Microsociology ngokusekelwe kulwazi ngokwamava.

Ngokutsho iingcamango macrosociological, izenzakalo kunye neenkqubo kuluntu unako ukufunda, ukuqonda kuluntu luphela. Le mbono zigxila isifundo sphere ethile zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Bafunda iintlobo zoluntu zentlalo, imihlaba yobudlelwane ngqo (yokuziphatha, izizathu, sengqondo loluntu zonxibelelwano, njalo njalo). mibono, ingakumbi, zibandakanya interactionism yokomfuziselo ka Mead, entnometodologiyu Garfinkel, theory Homans 'kunaniselwano kunye nabanye.

Ubume ulwazi lwezenhlalo ibandakanya imigaqo methodological nentanda-bulumko. Ezi ziquka, ingakumbi, zibandakanya ekufundiseni isifundo (okanye ethile yesebe nenzululwazi kuluntu), ulwazi ngeendlela, uphuhliso kunye nobuchule isicelo. Phakathi siseko kananjalo kwahlule imfundiso ulwazi lwezenhlalo, amanqanaba alo, iintlobo kunye neefom, ngokunjalo malunga inkqubo yophando, imisebenzi yayo kunye nesakhiwo.