Uqoqosho dino umthamo wayo kufuneka kulawulwa ngurhulumente

Kukho iingcaciso ezininzi elithi "kuqoqosho isithunzi" kuqoqosho lwale mihla.

Shadow Uqoqosho - yinto umsebenzi kwezolimo, yaye kuchasene nomthetho osebenzayo.

Kwakhona, uqoqosho ithunzi angamelwa manani karhulumente ngantoni kwaye ilawulwe nabasemagunyeni karhulumente imveliso, exchange, ngesifo sephepha kunye nokusasazwa kobutyebi. banamashishini olunjalo kumazwe ayi-20% imveliso ezizenzekelayo ekuphuhliseni - ukuya kutsho kuma-50% yaye kumazwe yenguqu ye - ku-30%.

Le nkcazelo xa kuqwalaselwa kunye zinika abalinganiswa epheleleyo kwikota zihlalutywe.

Ubume yoqoqosho ithunzi angamelwa amacandelo ezintathu ezingafaniyo ngokomgangatho ngamnye kwezinye.

Uqoqosho isithunzi Gray (sikweni) kuvunyelwe umthetho, umsebenzi yezoqoqosho ukuvelisa iimpahla okanye iinkonzo. Kukho umbuzo ngesantya amashishini amancinci. Oosomashishini eli candelo loqoqosho baphambuke kubhaliso ezisemthethweni ukuze aphephe iindleko ezongezelelweyo esinxulunyaniswa ekufumaneni imvume ezahlukeneyo (mvume kunye patent).

Dummy uqoqosho isithunzi ejonge njengoko postscripts, iintengiselwano kwerandi, izimali, kunye zokunyoba, ie iintlobo ngeentlobo zemisebenzi enxulumene ekufumaneni imali-transfer.

Kakhulu 'ezinzima "kwaye esokuba wohlwaywe uqoqosho isithunzi black (phantsi komhlaba), nto leyo liyathintelwa ngumthetho kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho enxulumene imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa kweempahla ezivaliweyo okanye ezinqabileyo. imisebenzi enjalo ubekwe: imisebenzi ezikhokelela ubundlobongela (inkunzi okanye ubusela imali); imveliso yempahla, nto leyo ibe nefuthe kuxhelo isimo sengqondo kunye ngokwasemzimbeni yoluntu (engamanyala, ukuthutyeleziswa kweziyobisi okanye human trafficking).

Ukwandisa umthamo uqoqosho isithunzi ekwakhiwe:

- kwezoqoqosho, enikezelwa iirhafu eziphezulu, intlekele ekuyo i-nkqubo yezemali kunye nemisebenzi amaqumrhu non-ebhalisiweyo kwezoqoqosho;

- imivuzo ephantsi, igalelo kuphuhliso imisebenzi ezifihlakeleyo, kwakunye namanqanaba aphezulu ngqesho - kwezentlalo;

- zomthetho, ebonisa ukungafezeki imithetho ekhoyo, kwaye kwasekwa ngesantya ngokupheleleyo kunye nesicwangciso umbutho -arhente zokunyanzelisa umthetho ukuba yokulwa ulwaphulo-mthetho kwezoqoqosho.

Umba wokugqibela ibonisa uphuhliso olu hlobo kuqoqosho. Yeyona kumaziko kuqoqosho isithunzi ngenxa arhente zikarhulumente. Ukuze kuphuculwe iimfaneleko nokusebenza ngokukuko arhente zikarhulumente kwi counter kwicala ukunyuka elibukhali kuqoqosho shadow umsebenzi nolungelelaniso kakuhle ezinesiseko-esekwe kakuhle ngaphakathi kwizakhiwo karhulumente naliphi na ilizwe, intsebenziswano yabo kufutshane, ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo ezimanyeneyo kunye nemisebenzi.

Ukuze woyise loo nto kwezoqoqosho kuyimfuneko, ukongeza yokunqunyulwa irhafu, ukuba lula inkqubo ukuze bafumane imvume. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba ibhajethi ukuphepha iilahleko ezinkulu kwi irhafu ephantsi kuphela ekuqhubeni le misebenzi ngcembe yaye ngokucwangcisiweyo, kunokuba iirhafu eziliqela. Ngelo xesha, xa kungekho tyala kuba isisu ulawulo irhafu, kuphephe izohlwayo kunye nokunciphisa ekunciphiseni nobutyala kunye nezolawulo. Kungenjalo, kuya kuthathwa ukukhula komthamo kwicandelo lolwaphulo-mthetho, nto leyo eya kukhokelela ekwandeni kuqoqosho komthunzi emnyama.