Vasiliy Grossman: Life and Kwangaphambili

Xa ekhemesti oselula, wagqiba kwelokuba ashiye umsebenzi wakhe emhlabeni kwaye anikezele ukuphila kwakhe uncwadi. Waza waqalisa ukubhala. Waqalisa nephulo leMfazwe Civil, waya Idabi Stalingrad. Kodwa inoveli malunga uloyiso olukhulu kwi iVolga efundwayo kuphela kwizisele ye Lubyanka. Vasiliy Grossman - umbhali, intatheli, intatheli imfazwe. Incwadi yobomi bakhe yapapashwa kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu emva kokufa kwakhe.

Imfazwe kubomi Grossman

Kwasephakadeni imfazwe, kuphela ngaye wabhala Vasiliy Grossman. ngobomi bakhe luqala ebuntwaneni bakhe kwidolophu encinane ummandla Vinnitsa, apho inkwenkwe evela intsapho angamaJuda ukuba kube lula engabizwanga uYosefu, kunye Vasya. Eli gama wahlala naye waza waba yinxalenye mbumbulu boncwadi.

Ndisemncinane wayekuthanda ukubhala. Ukusebenza kwi Donbass, Ndabhalela inqaku kwiphephandaba lasekuhlaleni. Imizamo yokuqala ekubhaleni baba abemi esingelwe kokurhweba zokuhlala. Umbhali elizayo yenoveli yeqhawe "Ubomi Kwangaphambili" ubeminyaka imashumi mabini anamithathu ezelwe, ekugqibeleni wagqiba ukudibanisa ubomi bakhe ekubhaleni. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, kunye Vasily Grossman, wabona siganeko ezoyikekayo kwimbali yabantu. Ide ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi bakhe waphila ezi ziganeko ukubonisa ezincwadini zabo.

yokunikezela unina

iindlela mlilo, emingxunyeni uthuli negazi ababuleweyo - malunga Grossman ngawakhe. A ngezemvelo imfazwe , waba imfazwe ukusuka ekuqaleni ukuya ekugqibeleni. Wabhala izincoko, amabali yentsimi emkhosini zazidlala ngaphambili. Kwaye ethile kude, xa benikwa yamaYuda, umama wakhe wasweleka. Kanye umlinganiswa wadala, Vasily Grossman wabhala ileta unina xa oko akasekho.

Xa inoveli uyahambelana Ummiselo zabantu ezahlukeneyo. Ngamnye kubo ezibuhlungu yabo. Amanye abulawa SS wabasiki babantu ngesandla, enye - empini. Kodwa kukho abanye. Ukufa kwabo ukufa ababathandayo. Shtrum umfazi emva kokufa konyana wakhe yena uhamba, umoya uthetha, kodwa uyaqonda ukuba ungekho. Wayengenako ukwenza nto, kuba intlungu yakhe. Intlungu evela ukulahleka unina uba injongo ephambili umsebenzi, kodwa ukuba Vasiliy Grossman wanikezela incwadi yakhe.

House "amathandathu elilodwa"

House esitratweni ka Penza yaba embindini mbaliso kwinoveli "zoBomi Kwangaphambili". Uphawu ubuqhawe wamajoni Russian wangena imbali kweso sakhiwo, kuthinjwe babulala amajoni aseJamani ngaphezu ngexesha umsebenzi ka Paris. Ikhaya edume of Pavlov ibonisa Grossman kwincwadi yakhe. Kodwa ingqalelo ihlawulwa nje kuphela ubuqhawe nesibindi zabalinganiswa zabo, kodwa ngethamsanqa, i elula, abantu. Ngethamsanqa, ezinokwenzeka nokuba kumabhodlo Stalingrad, kule yokugcina yokuphila.

Ubomi kunye Kwangaphambili emva kwemfazwe

Yeyona isihloko zomkhosi bachitha abanama- Vasily Grossman kule minyaka yasemva kwemfazwe. Izimvo malunga le misebenzi abagxeki yiSoviet abangenayo. Amalungu eKomiti sabona iincwadi izandi ezincinane anti-eSoviet. Xa umbhali yenoveli "zoBomi Kwangaphambili" ufile, wayengekho kodwa zaba ngamashumi omathandathu. Mhlawumbi wanga yena waphila ixesha elide ukuba sikwazi apapashe kwinoveli, apho wabeka umphefumlo wakhe uphela.

Kwincwadi yakhe iphambili, Grossman akazange ukuphepha kwinkampu isihloko, apho amabanjwa abo ezopolitiko "mthetho." kwabanjwa sikweni yaye bencinwa zenkohlakalo KGB uchinyali naxa utshaba phezu emaphethelweni eMoscow. Kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - apho kule ncwadi ngokufana engabonakaliyo phakathi Stalin ne Hitler.

Kamva ukugxekwa kunazo zefom lobugcisa Grossman ayikho lula. I-ngqangi zazithathwa. Kwaba kuphela ngowe-1980, abanye ndlela ngaphambili, waya kwelinye ilizwe, apho sapapashwa.

"Treblinka isihogo"

kweminyaka emva kwemfazwe babehlala Vasily Grossman. Yonke imisebenzi kweli thuba le ntlokoma sadlula yaye sibonile novalo. Apha ebalini "I Treblinka isihogo", umbhali uzama ukuphendula imibuzo malunga Himmler odolwe 1943 ngoko ngokukhawuleza kutshabalalisa amabanjwa ngaphezu asibhozo, anamanci "okufa." Loo nkohlakalo obekubonakala ayibanga nayiphi logic. Nkqu anengqondo Reichsfuehrer SS. Umbhali yenoveli lwacebisa ukuba ezi izenzo ibe abasabela ngayo uloyiso oluBomvu Army e Stalingrad. Kuyabonakala ukuba, phezulu baqalisa ukucinga ngemiphumo isohlwayo ayisoze kusondela. Kwafuneka ukuba atshabalalise imikhondo ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Vasiliy Grossman wafa eMoscow ngo-1965. Kwiphandle umsebenzi ibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe ngo-1988. Kuyinto emva kwexesha. Kodwa ngaphambi kweso siganeko bafanekiselwa Suslov. ideology eSoviet, weva ngalo isakhiwo sebali, yathi: "Le ncwadi liprintwe kwiminyaka engamakhulu amabini, kungekhona ngaphambili."