Robert Bryus, uKumkani of Scotland: nkqubo zangaphakathi nangaphandle, Biography

kazwelonke hero Scottish Robert Bryus ufanelwe ngokwenene le ngesiqu. ikratshi lakhe ngokwenene yaba uloyiso lula emfazweni komsindo Bannock komtshiso oko. Kuphela kwesi siganeko Scotland ifumene inkululeko elide-ilindelwe, nangona indlela ukoyisa oku kwaba nzima.

URobert wayichola kwebhanile ofanayo yenkululeko yesizwe thaca ukuthanda kunye nenkululeko yabantu lwawo. History of Scotland ngokusondeleyo kumlawuli odumileyo, ubomi kule mini na aveze zonke izibakala.

Igalelo lakhe ayinakuchazwa kumagama ambalwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo zithi enye kuphela into: abantu Scotland uyalihlonipha ngenene ukumkani wakhe emchaza kakhulu nombulelo ngenxa wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Ukongezelela inkululeko yokuzimela geqe eNgilani, eSkotlani, Bruce wanikela ezininzi ukuphucula ubomi. Nangona isibakala sokuba ngalo lonke ithuba lolawulo wazama ukukhusela amazwe abo owayelutshaba yaseBritani, njengoko uRobert ixesha lokwenza ezinye izinto zinceda ukulwa iScots.

Owasungula le ubukhosi nabadumileyo igama

1 URobert wazalwa ngo-1274, ngomhla we-11 Julayi kwi nqaba Ternsberri. Waba ngunozala ubukhosi, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo babamba isithsaba yomphathi. Bruce wachitha ebutsheni bakhe kwinkundla Edward 1 - King of England.

Imvelaphi yegama ngenxa yokuba sodidi Bruce bayinzala ngokusemthethweni, owazeka ilifa emazweni eNormandy.

Great Dynasty Bruce ngaba ngokwenene ukuba neqhayiya ngumlawuli kunye nenkokeli emkhosini, owenza yonke into kuphela ngenxa yabantu hayi ngenxa yenzuzo.

Baron Robert De Bryus wabandakanyeka, kunoko, waye eyinganga yama kwimvukelo ekulweni eNgilani. Kuba lo wavuzwa ngokunzulu umhlaba elininzi eYorkshire. Ngenxa bonke ubuhle bayo wazalwa Bruce wazihlanganisa ngokusondeleyo kunye nembali Scottish.

Bonke oonyana omdala entsatsheni waba igama elinye - uRobert. Kakade ke, ukuba zonke imbeko umsunguli labalawuli. Umfazi wokuqala Isabella (avareji intombi uDavide Hantingdonskogo). Kuyinto ngenxa yomtshato ukuba uRobert unikwe ilungelo lokuba abeke zamabango itrone Scottish ngokomthetho, ize emva koko inike ibango elililo ukuya etroneni. Kodwa kungekudala umtshato wabo yapheliswa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo. Kukho imithombo emininzi exelela izizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, kodwa abantu mihla inyaniso kwaye andazi.

ubomi bokumkani ngokwenene izele izibakala umdla, iziganeko kunye namabali ezincinane. ulutsha lwanamhlanje nga ngokukhuselekileyo ukuthatha umzekelo umlawuli onjalo. isimilo sakhe ifanelwe yentlonelo kwindawo yokuqala, uze zonke izakhono nobuchule.

Endleleni eya isithsaba

Emva kokufa umlawuli contenders Scotland ngokuba ukwahlula kokuba efunde lukhulu, kodwa uyise noRoberta Bryusa yalile ukuvumela le ngxoxo, yaye ke ngoko wayinikela unyana wakhe.

1292 waba yimbalasane Robert, ngokuba watshintshelwa isihloko Earl of Carrick. Koko, emva kokufa kukayise, uRobert Bryus waba iNkosi wesixhenxe Annandale. Clan ecetywayo inkcaso Ioannu Balliolyu, owathi kamva wayakha umfelandawonye neFransi.

Ngalo lonke eli ukudideka kunye nokulahlekelwa isixa esikhulu somhlaba clan nje kwanyanzeleka ukuba nokuhlanganisa kubavukeli, njengoko wenza ezininzi neenkosi of Scotland.

Ukubuya Edward 1 campaign

Ngeli xesha imbali Scotland ulahlekelwa izibakala ezithile, kodwa nenguqulelo esemthethweni, kukho mnye kuphela.

1 Edward ihlasela eSkotlani kunye nokulwa ukuqala. Kwezi Okwemfazwe, abatoli IsiNgesi, owamahashe ndaphule amabutho esitha, abaninzi abalawuli liyasuswa etroneni. idabi Heavy bunyamezele Bruce clan, yaye ngenxa yoko bezisoloko ezingqubana Clan Cumming.

Robert Bryus kabuhlungu wambulala Dzhona Komina, kwaye kuphela ukuba ingxabano phakathi zezindlu zisonjululwe. Le ukubulala Bruce ngempumelelo irhetywe indlela yabo isithsaba. Emva koko wavakalisa izikhulu zebandla Scotland kuye ukumkani omtsha kwaye ibekwa ngokwayo kwenzeka Skåne ngoMatshi 10, 1306. Kwindawo ndaza ndaqhubeka "Stone weSihlo", nto leyo ilitye ibekwa engcwele iScots.

uthweso-sitshaba

Usuku kangaka le ibekwa bendawo abaninzi bonwabe ngokunyanisekileyo. Nokusayinwa uxwebhu kwi ibekwa kwakuthetha into enye kuphela - Scotland akafuni ukubona Edward 1 ngumlawuli ngayo. Ngoko ke, ngosuku enye uqalise imfazwe inkululeko.

URobert ubunzima ukoyiswa ezimbalwa, yaye emva koko intsapho yakhe yathinjwa British. Bruce wafuna yena yokusabela kwiindawo ezininzi. Pope ngokwakhe wamsika, kodwa oko akuzange ukunqanda iScots, nodushe zabo zooms kuphela. Robert Bryus wabuyela kwelakowabo ngoFebruwari waya apho bonke abavukeli.

Way ngasentla

Ngenxa yokwanda kwenani neenkani Edward 1 kwafuneka ukuba asebenzise imiqathango engqongqo kakhulu, waza wagqiba ukuba akhokele umkhosi ukuya ngasemntla, yaye sele kukho ukuphumeza amacebo abo.

Ngelishwa, onke amaphupha akhe zatshatyalaliswa, ngokuba wafa ngesiquphe. Kwathi ke akasekude nomda eSkotlani, nabo bonke wamitha bagqiba ukuqhubeka unyana wakhe.

1 Eduard wafa ngesiquphe, ngoko unyana wakhe kwafuneka ukuba athathe amanyathelo angqongqo, kwaye xa sithatha imeko ezandleni zabo, ngoxa amajoni akhe abazange lahluleka kakhulu.

Ngelo xesha, i iScots waba namandla ngakumbi namandla, ngoko amajoni England ngcembe oluphumayo ngaphandle ngaphaya eSkotlani.

ingqalelo yokumkani

Scotland King obize le ipalamente yokuqala ngo-1309. Kwaye ngoko, nangona ke wasikwa ecaweni, isidima sakhe ingqalelo yi-Scottish abefundisi ukumkani.

imikhosi Roberta Bryusa wathabatha ukulawula ezininzi zelizwe, kwaye amaBritane waba imimandla kancinane.

Bannockburn indawo ngokwayo ubunzima uqhwithela boyisiwe, ekubeni oko kukuthi apho iScots woyisa umkhosi eNgilani, inani emkhosini leyo kakhulu ngaphezulu mkhosi Bruce.

Ukongeza eScotland, kunye nee-British ne-Irish balwa njengoko le manyano yagqitywa eScotland Ireland. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, Ireland andinalungelo ukushiya namahlakani kwi inceba lotshaba, ngoko imikhosi ezongezelelweyo iScots luncedo.

Ngowe-1315 lo umninawa URobert nokwazeka kwayo ngukumkani Irish. Union of Ireland kunye Scotland wazisa oluninzi lokuphumelela, kodwa amaBritane babengengabo ilula kangaka. ekhubekisayo wabo ukungaphumeleli kumazwe encedisayo. lahluleka Huge kwabona ngamatutu Scotland kunye Ireland, kwaye umlawuli Irish wambulala.

Umlo kuyidlala nee-British

Nangona zonke ezi lokungaphumeleli kwaye ilahleko umzalwana uKumkani, War of Independence yathatha. URobert nomkhosi wakhe kuyinika phezulu. Ukulawula iScots yafudukela ngakumbi ezinye ilizwe. I-British wazama ukuqalisa lohlaselo ngomlinganiselo omkhulu yesibini, ngethemba lokuba uza nempumelelo efanayo, kodwa izicwangciso zazo baphinde batshatyalaliswe. namabutho Scottish ahlasela phambi iqela, ngoko ke kwakufuneka ukuvala zonke kuvunyelwane kunye amoyise.

Robert Bryus nge nzima kancinane ukugqiba isivumelwano yasemkhosini neFransi. Emva konyaka waba unyana yokuqala, owathi, ngokulandelelanayo, yaye kamva wegqitha isithsaba.

Lilinge lokugqibela British yenziwa ngo-1327, kodwa ngethamsanqa, iphulo labo yasilela. amabutho Scottish yonakalisa ngokupheleleyo Northumberland kwaye kwakhona lawela kumazwe Ireland.

Emva konyaka, eNgilani wanyanzeleka ukuba asayine isivumelwano, apho ukufunda geqe Scotland. Ngoku Scotland kufanele waba njengombuso ozimeleyo, noRobert Bryus wamfumana ukumkani wayo.

Zonke iimeko zehlabathi ekugqibeleni yafumana umtshato kuphela Davida Bryusa (nonyana oneminyaka emine ubudala noRoberta Bryusa) kunye uJoan Plantagenet (oneminyaka eli-esixhenxe udade Edward III).

kwezidumbu

UKumkani odumileyo of Scotland waphumelela nobuninzi nkqubo amazwe, kwakunye nempumelelo zomkhosi. Kodwa ke, nangona yonke impumelelo yakhe uloyiso, wayeselapho akwazi ukuphumeza injongo yakhe alithandayo. URobert wayefuna ukudala isiseko esiluqilima ukuze abasemagunyeni Scottish, ukuba angabi kwakha.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, yaphathwa sisifo esibi - iqhenqa (iqhenqa). Ngelishwa, ngoxa kwakungekho izixhobo ekhoyo ukuzikhetha nokunyanga njengomntu, ngoko kwafuneka ukunyamezela konke oku wena ubomi kwaye sinyamezele de kube sekupheleni. Wayephila ngelo xesha e Cardross, elunxwemeni apho baza bafa.

Umzimba, ngesicelo of Scotland, wangcwatywa Dunfermline, wasikwa intliziyo yakhe Melrose. Abanye ixesha emva kokuba to- lonke eScotland sichithakele kakhulu amabali, abantu, waza wabhala umbongo, imibongo, amabali njalo njalo. D. Zonke ezi yesandla uKumkani bathi amandla wizard okanye umlawuli ethile komhlaba, ngubani wanika abantu bakhe inkululeko, bebingelela ngokwabo.

Emva kokufa, unyana wakhe, ayaphula okunene umgca labalawuli. Le isithsaba wadlulela nomzukulwana wakhe kwicala yokuluka - uRobert Stewart.

umfazi wesibini

Elizabeth de Burgh kakhulu ngokuthi umfazi wesibini kakumkani Scotland. Phezu kwayo kwakukho amabali amaninzi phakathi abahlali balapha kunye imikhosi Scottish, apho waba nodumo.

Wazalelwa Dunfermline, apho, njengoko nisazi, uRobert wachitha iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Yena ke intombi onamandla onke Richard de Burgh, ngoko intsapho amanene kuya kuzenza isimo sakhe ngokwaneleyo.

NoRobert Bruce Elizabeth de Burgh zisaneliswa kwinkundla IsiNgesi, kwaye ngo-1302 ukuba sitshatile.